Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  And Belisarius spoke as follows: “Let no one of you, fellow-officers, think that my words are those of censure, nor that they are spoken in the last place to the end that it may become necessary for all to follow them, of whatever sort they may be. For I have heard what seems best to each one of you, and it is becoming that I too should lay before you what I think, and then with you should choose the better course. But it is right to remind you of this fact, that the soldiers said openly a little earlier that they feared the dangers by sea and would turn to flight if a hostile ship should attack them, and we prayed God to shew us the land of Libya and allow us a peaceful disembarkation upon it. And since this is so, I think it the part of foolish men first to pray to receive from God the more favourable fortune, then when this is given them, to reject it and go in the contrary direction. And if we do sail straight for Carthage and a hostile fleet encounters us, the soldiers will remain without blame, if they flee with all their might — for a delinquency announced beforehand carries with it its own defence — but for us, even if we come through safely, there will be no forgiveness. Now while there are many difficulties if we remain in the ships, it will be sufficient, I think, to mention only one thing, — that by which especially they wish to frighten us when they hold over our heads the danger of a storm. For if any storm should fall upon us, one of two things, they say, must necessarily befall the ships, either that they flee far from Libya or be destroyed upon this headland. What then under the present circumstances will be more to our advantage to choose? to have the ships alone destroyed, or to have lost everything, men and all? But apart from this, at the present time we shall fall upon the enemy unprepared, and in all probability shall fare as we desire; for in warfare it is the unexpected which is accustomed to govern the course of events. But a little later, when the enemy have already made their preparation, the struggle we shall have will be one of strength evenly matched. And one might add that it will be necessary perhaps to fight even for the disembarkation, and to seek for that which now we have within our grasp but over which we are deliberating as a thing not necessary. And if at the very time, when we are engaged in conflict, a storm also comes upon us, as often happens on the sea, then while struggling both against the waves and against the Vandals, we shall come to regret our prudence. As for me, then, I say that we must disembark upon the land with all possible speed, landing horses and arms and whatever else we consider necessary for our use, and that we must dig a trench quickly and throw a stockade around us of a kind which can contribute to our safety no less than any walled town one might mention, and with that as our base must carry on the war from there if anyone should attack us. And if we shew ourselves brave men, we shall lack nothing in the way of provisions. For those who hold the mastery over their enemy are lords also of the enemy’s possessions; and it is the way of victory, first to invest herself with all the wealth, and then to set it down again on that side to which she inclines. Therefore, for you both the chance of safety and of having an abundance of good things lies in your own hands.”

  When Belisarius had said this, the whole assembly agreed and adopted his proposal, and separating from one another, they made the disembarkation as quickly as possible, about three months later than their departure from Byzantium. And indicating a certain spot on the shore the general bade both soldiers and sailors dig the trench and place the stockade about it. And they did as directed. And since a great throng was working and fear was stimulating their enthusiasm and the general was urging them on, not only was the trench dug on the same day, but the stockade was also completed and the pointed stakes were fixed in place all around. Then, indeed, while they were digging the trench, something happened which was altogether amazing. A great abundance of water sprang forth from the earth, a thing which had not happened before in Byzacium, and besides this the place where they were was altogether waterless. Now this water sufficed for all uses of both men and animals. And in congratulating the general, Procopius said that he rejoiced at the abundance of water, not so much because of its usefulness, as because it seemed to him a symbol of an easy victory, and that Heaven was foretelling a victory to them. This, at any rate, actually came to pass. So for that night all the soldiers bivouacked in the camp, setting guards and doing everything else as was customary, except, indeed, that Belisarius commanded five bowmen to remain in each ship for the purpose of a guard, and that the ships-of-war should anchor in a circle about them, taking care that no one should come against them to do them harm.

  Τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ, ἐπειδὴ τῶν στρατιωτῶν τινες ἐς τοὺς ἀγροὺς ἀναβαίνοντες τῶν ὡραίων ἥπτοντο, αὐτῶν τε τὰ σώματα ὁ στρατηγὸς οὐ παρέργως ᾐκίσατο καὶ ξυγκαλέσας ἅπαντας ἔλεξε τοιάδε: [2] ‘Τὸ μὲν βιάζεσθαι καὶ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις σιτίζεσθαι ταύτῃ μόνον ἔν γε τοῖς ἄλλοις καιροῖς μοχθηρὸν πεφυκέναι δοκεῖ, ὅτι τὸ ἄδικον ἐν αὑτῷ φέρεται: νῦν δὲ τοσοῦτον αὐτῷ τῆς δυσκολίας περίεστιν ὥστε, εἰ μὴ πικρὸν εἰπεῖν, τὸν τοῦ δικαίου λόγον περὶ ἐλάσσονος ποιησαμένους τὸν ἐντεῦθεν κίνδυνον ἡμᾶς ἡλίκος ποτέ ἐστιν ἐκλογίζεσθαι χρή. [3] ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐκείνῳ μόνῳ τὸ θαρρεῖν ἔχων εἰς τὴν γῆν ὑμᾶς ἀπεβίβασα ταύτην, ὅτι τοῖς Βανδίλοις οἱ Λίβυες, Ῥωμαῖοι τὸ ἀνέκαθεν ὄντες, ἄπιστοί τέ εἰσι καὶ χαλεπῶς ἔχουσι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ᾤμην ὡς οὔτ̓ ἄν τι τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἡμᾶς ἐπιλείποι οὔτε τι ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς κακὸν ἐργάσονται ἡμᾶς οἱ πολέμιοι. [4] ἀλλὰ νῦν αὕτη ὑμῶν ἡ ἀκράτεια ταῦτα εἰς τοὐναντίον ἡμῖν μεταβέβληκε. τοὺς γὰρ Λίβυας δήπου κατηλλάξατε τοῖς Βανδίλοις, εἰς ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἤδη τὴν τούτων περιαγαγόντες δυσμένειαν. [5] φύσει γὰρ πρόσεστι τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις ἡ πρὸς τοὺς βιαζομένους ἔχθρα, καὶ περιέστηκεν ὑμῖν τῆς τε ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἀσφαλείας καὶ τῆς τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀφθονίας ὀλίγα ἄττα ἀργύρια ἀνταλλάξασθαι, παρὸν ὑμῖν παῤ ἑκόντων ὠνουμένοις τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῶν κυρίων μήτε ἀδίκοις εἶναι δοκεῖν καὶ φίλοις ἐκείνοις ἐς τὰ μάλιστα χρῆσθαι. [6] νῦν οὖν πρός τε Βανδίλους ὑμῖν καὶ Λίβυας ὁ πόλεμος ἔσται, λέγω δὲ ἔγωγε καὶ τὸν θεὸν αὐτόν, ὃν οὐδεὶς ἀδικῶν ἐς ἐπικουρίαν παρακαλεῖ. [7] ἀλλὰ παύσασθε μὲν τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ἐπιπηδῶντες, κέρδος δὲ ἀποσείσασθε κινδύνων μεστόν. [8] οὗτος γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ὁ καιρός ἐστιν ἐν ᾧ μάλιστα σωφροσύνη μὲν οἵα τε σώζειν, ἀκοσμία δὲ ἐς θάνατον φέρει. τούτων γὰρ ἐπιμελομένοις ὑμῖν ἵλεως μὲν ὁ θεός, εὔνους δὲ ὁ τῶν Λιβύων λεώς, καὶ τὸ τῶν Βανδίλων γένος εὐέφοδον ἔσται.’ [9] Τοσαῦτα εἰπὼν Βελισάριος καὶ τὸν ξύλλογον διαλύσας, ἐπεὶ ἤκουσε Σύλλεκτον πόλιν ἡμέρας ὁδὸν τοῦ στρατοπέδου διέχουσαν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ εἶναι ἐν τῇ ἐπὶ Καρχηδόνα φερούσῃ, ἧς τὸ μὲν τεῖχος ἐκ παλαιοῦ καθῃρημένον ἐτύγχανεν, οἱ δὲ ταύτῃ ᾠκημένοι τοὺς τῶν οἰκιῶν τοίχους πα
νταχόθεν ἀποφράξαντες διὰ τὰς τῶν Μαυρουσίων ἐπιδρομὰς περιβόλου ἐφύλασσον σχῆμα, τῶν δορυφόρων ἕνα Βοριάδην ἅμα τῶν ὑπασπιστῶν τισιν ἔστελλεν, ἐπαγγείλας αὐτοῖς τῆς τε πόλεως ἀποπειρᾶσθαι καί, ἢν ἕλωσι, κακὸν μὲν μηδὲν ἐν αὐτῇ δρᾶσαι, ἐπαγγείλασθαι δὲ ἀγαθὰ μυρία, καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τῇ αὐτῶν ἐλευθερίᾳ ἥκοιεν, ὥστε εἰσιτητὰ τῷ στρατῷ ἐς αὐτὴν γενέσθαι. [10] οἱ δὲ περὶ λύχνων ἁφὰς ἀγχοῦ τῆς πόλεως γενόμενοι ἐν φάραγγί τε λαθόντες διενυκτέρευσαν. ἕωθεν δὲ ἀγροίκων σὺν ἁμάξαις ἐς αὐτὴν εἰσιόντων ἐπιτυχόντες συνεισῆλθόν τε σιωπῇ καὶ οὐδενὶ πόνῳ τὴν πόλιν ἔσχον. [11] καὶ ἐπεὶ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο, οὐδενὸς θορύβου ἡγησαμένου, τόν τε ἱερέα καὶ εἴ τι δόκιμον ἦν ξυγκαλέσαντες τάς τε τοῦ στρατηγοῦ ἐντολὰς ἀπήγγελλον, καὶ τὰς κλεῖς τῶν εἰσόδων παῤ ἑκόντων λαβόντες τῷ στρατηγῷ ἔπεμψαν. [12] Τῇ δὲ αὐτῇ ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ὁ τοῦ δημοσίου δρόμου ἐπιμελούμενος ηὐτομόλησε παραδοὺς τοὺς δημοσίους ξύμπαντας ἵππους. ξυλληφθέντα δὲ καί τινα τῶν ἐς τὰς βασιλικὰς ἀποκρίσεις ἀεὶ στελλομένων, οὓς δὴ βεριδαρίους καλοῦσι, κακὸν μὲν οὐδὲν ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔδρασε, χρυσῷ δὲ πολλῷ δωρησάμενος καὶ πιστὰ λαβὼν τὰς ἐπιστολὰς ἐνεχείρισεν ἅσπερ Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς πρὸς Βανδίλους ἔγραψεν, ἐφ̓ ᾧ τοῖς Βανδίλων ἄρχουσι δοῦναι. [13] ἐδήλου δὲ ἡ γραφὴ τάδε: ‘Οὔτε Βανδίλοις πολεμεῖν ἔγνωμεν οὔτε τὰς Γιζερίχου σπονδὰς λύομεν, ἀλλὰ τὸν ὑμέτερον τύραννον καθελεῖν ἐγχειροῦμεν, ὃς τῶν Γιζερίχου διαθηκῶν ὀλιγωρήσας τὸν μὲν βασιλέα ὑμῶν καθείρξας τηρεῖ, τῶν δὲ αὐτοῦ συγγενῶν οὓς μὲν σφόδρα ἐμίσει κατ̓ ἀρχὰς ἔκτεινε, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς τὰς ὄψεις ἀφελόμενος ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχει, οὐκ ἐῶν θανάτῳ καταλῦσαι τὰς συμφοράς. [14] συλλάβεσθε τοίνυν ἡμῖν καὶ συνελευθεροῦτε ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς οὕτω μοχθηρᾶς τυραννίδος, ὅπως ἂν δύνησθε τῆς τε εἰρήνης καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀπόνασθαι. ταῦτα γὰρ ὑμῖν παῤ ἡμῶν ἔσεσθαι πρὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τὰ [15] πιστὰ δίδομεν.’ τοσαῦτα μὲν τὰ βασιλέως γράμματα ἐδήλου. ὁ δὲ ταῦτα παρὰ Βελισαρίου λαβὼν ἐξενεγκεῖν μὲν εἰς τὸ φανερὸν οὐκ ἐτόλμησε, λάθρα δὲ τοῖς φίλοις ἐπιδείξας οὐδὲν ὅ τι καὶ λόγου ἄξιον διεπράξατο.

  XVI

  But on the following day, when some of the soldiers went out into the fields and laid hands on the fruit, the general inflicted corporal punishment of no casual sort upon them, and he called all the army together and spoke as follows: “This using of violence and the eating of that which belongs to others seems at other times a wicked thing only on this account, that injustice is in the deed itself, as the saying is; but in the present instance so great an element of detriment is added to the wrongdoing that — if it is not too harsh to say so — we must consider the question of justice of less account and calculate the magnitude of the danger that may arise from your act. For I have disembarked you upon this land basing my confidence on this alone, that the Libyans, being Romans from of old, are unfaithful and hostile to the Vandals, and for this reason I thought that no necessaries would fail us and, besides, that the enemy would not do us any injury by a sudden attack. But now this your lack of self-control has changed it all and made the opposite true. For you have doubtless reconciled the Libyans to the Vandals, bringing their hostility round upon your own selves. For by nature those who are wronged feel enmity toward those who have done them violence, and it has come round to this that you have exchanged your own safety and a bountiful supply of good things for some few pieces of silver, when it was possible for you, by purchasing provisions from willing owners, not to appear unjust and at the same time to enjoy their friendship to the utmost. Now, therefore, the war will be between you and both Vandals and Libyans, and I, at least, say further that it will be against God himself, whose aid no one who does wrong can invoke. But do you cease trespassing wantonly upon the possessions of others, and reject a gain which is full of dangers. For this is that time in which above all others moderation is able to save, but lawlessness leads to death. For if you give heed to these things, you will find God propitious, the Libyan people well-disposed, and the race of the Vandals open to your attack.”

  With these words Belisarius dismissed the assembly. And at that time he heard that the city of Syllectus was distant one day’s journey from the camp, lying close to the sea on the road leading to Carthage, and that the wall of this city had been torn down for a long time, but the inhabitants of the place had made a barrier on all sides by means of the walls of their houses, on account of the attacks of the Moors, and guarded a kind of fortified enclosure; he, accordingly, sent one of his spearmen, Boriades, together with some of the guards, commanding them to make an attempt oh the city, and, if they captured it, to do no harm in it, but to promise a thousand good things and to say that they had come for the sake of the people’s freedom, that so the army might be able to enter into it. And they came near the city about dusk and passed the night hidden in a ravine. But at early dawn, meeting country folk going into the city with waggons, they entered quietly with them and with no trouble took possession of the city. And when day came, no one having begun any disturbance, they called together the priest and all the other notables and announced the commands of the general, and receiving the keys of the entrances from willing hands, they sent them to the general.

  On the same day the overseer of the public post deserted, handing over all the government horses. And they captured also one of those who are occasionally sent to bear the royal responses, whom they call “veredarii”; and the general did him no harm but presented him with much gold and, receiving pledges from him, put into his hand the letter which the Emperor Justinian had written to the Vandals, that he might give it to the magistrates of the Vandals. And the writing was as follows: “Neither have we decided to make war upon the Vandals, nor are we breaking the treaty of Gizeric, but we are attempting to dethrone your tyrant, who, making light of the testament of Gizeric, has imprisoned your king and is keeping him in custody, and those of his relatives whom he hated exceedingly he put to death at the first, and the rest, after robbing them of their sight, he keeps under guard, not allowing them to terminate their misfortunes by death. Do you, therefore, join forces with us and help us in freeing yourselves from so wicked a tyranny, in order that you may be able to enjoy both peace and freedom. For we give you pledges in the name of God that these things will come to you by our hand.” Such was the message of the emperor’s letter. But the man who received this from Belisarius did not dare to publish it openly, and though he shewed it secretly to his friends, he accomplished nothing whatever of consequence.

  Βελισάριος δὲ ὡς ἐς παράταξιν ὧδε διακοσμήσας τὸ στράτευμα τὴν ἐπὶ Καρχηδόνα ἐβάδιζε. τῶν δ̓ ὑπασπιστῶν τρι�
�κοσίους ἀπολέξας, ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς τὰ πολέμια, Ἰωάννῃ παρέδωκεν, ὅς οἱ ἐπεμελεῖτο τῆς περὶ τὴν οἰκίαν δαπάνης: ὀπτίωνα τοῦτον καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι. [2] ἀνὴρ δὲ ἦν Ἀρμένιος μὲν γένος, ξυνέσεως δὲ καὶ ἀνδρίας ἐς τὸ ἀκρότατον μάλα ἥκων. τοῦτον δὴ τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐκέλευσε τῇ στρατιᾷ ἡγεῖσθαι, οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ κατὰ εἴκοσι σταδίους διέχοντα, καὶ ἤν τι πολέμιον ἴδοι, κατὰ τάχος σημῆναι, ὅπως δὴ μὴ ἀπαράσκευοι ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι ἀναγκάζοιντο. [3] τοὺς δὲ ξυμμάχους Μασσαγέτας ἐκέλευε τοσούτοις ἢ καὶ πλείοσι σταδίοις ἀπέχοντας ἀεὶ κατὰ τὸ ἀριστερὸν μέρος τὴν πορείαν ποιεῖσθαι: αὐτὸς δὲ ὄπισθεν μετὰ τῶν ἀρίστων ἐβάδιζεν. [4] ὑπώπτευε γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Ἑρμιόνης Γελίμερα σφίσιν ἑπόμενον οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν ἐπιθήσεσθαι. κατὰ γὰρ τὸ δεξιὸν μέρος οὐδὲν ἦν δέος οὐ πόρρω τῆς ἠιόνος πορευομένοις. [5] τοῖς δὲ ναύταις ἐπήγγελλε παρακολουθεῖν τε ἀεὶ καὶ τοῦ στρατεύματος μὴ πολὺ διεστάναι, ἀλλ̓ ἐπιφόρου μὲν γινομένου τοῦ πνεύματος χαλάσαντας τὰ μεγάλα ἱστία τοῖς μικροῖς, ἃ δὴ δόλωνας καλοῦσιν, ἕπεσθαι, λωφήσαντος δὲ παντελῶς τοῦ ἀνέμου βιάζεσθαι ὅσον οἷοί τε ὦσιν ἐρέσσοντας. [6] Εἰς δὲ Σύλλεκτον ἀφικόμενος Βελισάριος σώφρονάς τε τοὺς στρατιώτας παρείχετο καὶ οὔτε ἀδίκων χειρῶν ἄρχοντας οὔτε τι ἀπὸ τρόπου ἐργαζομένους, αὐτός τε πρᾳότητα καὶ φιλανθρωπίαν πολλὴν ἐνδεικνύμενος οὕτω τοὺς Λίβυας προσεποιήσατο ὥστε τοῦ λοιποῦ καθάπερ ἐν χώρᾳ οἰκείᾳ τὴν πορείαν ποιεῖσθαι, οὔτε ὑποχωρούντων τῶν ταύτῃ ᾠκημένων οὔτε τι ἀποκρύπτεσθαι βουλομένων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀγορὰν παρεχομένων καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ᾗ βούλοιντο ὑπηρετούντων. [7] ὀγδοήκοντα δὲ σταδίους ἀνύοντες εἰς ἡμέραν ἑκάστην ἄχρι ἐς Καρχηδόνα διετελέσαμεν, ἢ κατὰ πόλιν, ἂν οὕτω τύχῃ, ἢ ἐν στρατοπέδῳ ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ὡς ἀσφαλέστατα αὐλιζόμενοι. [8] οὕτω γοῦν διά τε Λέπτης πόλεως καὶ Ἀδραμητοῦ ἐς Γράσσην τὸ χωρίον ἀφικόμεθα, πεντήκοντα καὶ τριακοσίους σταδίους Καρχηδόνος διέχον. [9] ἔνθα δὴ βασίλειά τε ἦν τοῦ Βανδίλων ἡγουμένου καὶ παράδεισος κάλλιστος ἁπάντων ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν. [10] ταῖς τε γὰρ κρήναις κομιδῆ κατάρρυτός ἐστι καὶ ἄλσους ἔχει πάμπολυ χρῆμα. ὀπώρας δὲ τὰ δένδρα μεστά ἐστι ξύμπαντα: ὥστε τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἕκαστος τὴν καλύβην ἐν δένδροις ὀπώρας ἐπήξατο καὶ τῶν καρπῶν τηνικάδε ὡραίων ὄντων ἐς κόρον μὲν αὐτῶν ἀφίκοντο πάντες, αἴσθησις δὲ σχεδόν τι τῆς ὀπώρας ἐλασσουμένης οὐ γέγονε. [11] Γελίμερ δέ, ἐπεὶ ἐν Ἑρμιόνῃ τὸ πρῶτον παρόντας ἤκουσε τοὺς πολεμίους, γράφει πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀμμάταν ἐς Καρχηδόνα, Ἰλδέριχον μὲν καὶ ἄλλους, ὅσους εἴτε κατὰ γένος εἴτε ἄλλως αὐτῷ προσήκοντας ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχει, ἀποκτιννύναι, αὐτὸν δὲ τούς τε Βανδίλους καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο μάχιμον ἐν τῇ πόλει ἦν ἐν παρασκευῇ ποιήσασθαι, ὅπως τῶν πολεμίων ἐν στενοῖς γενομένων ἀμφὶ τὸ τῆς πόλεως προάστειον, ὃ Δέκιμον καλοῦσιν, ἀμφοτέρωθεν ξυνιόντας κυκλώσασθαί τε αὐτοὺς καὶ σαγηνεύσαντας διαφθεῖραι. [12] Ἀμμάτας δὲ κατὰ ταῦτα ἐποίει, καὶ τόν τε Ἰλδέριχον, ξυγγενῆ ὄντα, καὶ Εὐαγέην ἀπέκτεινε καὶ τῶν Λιβύων ὅσοι αὐτοῖς ἐπιτήδειοι ἦσαν. [13] Ὁάμερ γὰρ ἤδη ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἠφάνιστο. τούς τε Βανδίλους ἐξοπλίσας, ὡς εἰς καιρὸν ἐπιθησόμενος, [14] ἐν παρασκευῇ ἐποιήσατο. Γελίμερ δὲ ὄπισθεν, οὐ παρέχων ἡμῖν αἴσθησιν, εἵπετο, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ ᾗ ἐν Γράσσῃ ηὐλισάμεθα, κατάσκοποι ἑκατέρωθεν ἰόντες ξυνέμιξαν, πλήξαντές τε ἀλλήλους ἐς τὸ σφέτερον στρατόπεδον ἑκάτεροι ἀπεχώρησαν, καὶ ταύτῃ γέγονεν ἡμῖν φανερὸν οὐ πόρρω εἶναι τοὺς πολεμίους. [15] ἐνθένδε ἡμῖν πορευομένοις τὰς ναῦς ἐσορᾶν ἀδύνατα ἦν. πέτραι γὰρ ὑψηλαί, πόρρω τῆς θαλάσσης διήκουσαι, περίοδον τοῖς πλέουσι πολλῷ μέτρῳ ἐργάζονται, καὶ ἄκρα ἀνέχει, ἧς ἐντὸς τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ πόλισμά ἐστι. [16] Βελισάριος οὖν Ἀρχελάῳ τε τῷ ἐπάρχῳ καὶ Καλωνύμῳ τῷ ναυάρχῳ ἐπέστελλεν ἐς Καρχηδόνα μὲν μὴ καταίρειν, σταδίους δὲ ἀμφὶ τοὺς διακοσίους ἀπέχοντας ἄχρι αὐτὸς καλέσῃ μένειν. [17] ἐκ δὲ Γράσσης ἐξαναστάντες τεταρταῖοι ἐς Δέκιμον ἀφικόμεθα, σταδίοις ἑβδομήκοντα Καρχηδόνος ἀπέχον.