Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  Now the whole city was celebrating some general festival, and many of the conspirators of Maximinus at about the time of lunch came according to their agreement to the palace, where Germanus was entertaining his friends at a feast, and Maximinus took his stand beside the couches with the other body-guards. And as the drinking proceeded, someone entered and announced to Germanus that many soldiers were standing in great disorder before the door of the court, putting forward the charge that the government owed them their pay for a long period. And he commanded the most trusty of the guards secretly to keep close watch over Maximinus, allowing him in no way to perceive what was being done. Then the conspirators with threats and tumult proceeded on the run to the hippodrome, and those who shared their plan with them gathered gradually from the houses and were assembling there. And if it had so chanced that all of them had come together, no one, I think, would have been able easily to destroy their power; but, as it was, Germanus anticipated this, and, before the greater part had yet arrived, he straightway sent against them all who were well-disposed to himself and to the emperor. And they attacked the conspirators before they expected them. And then, since Maximinus, for whom they were waiting to begin the battle for them, was not with them, and they did not see the crowd gathered to help them, as they had thought it would be, but instead even beheld their fellow-soldiers unexpectedly fighting against them, they consequently lost heart and were easily overcome in the struggle and rushed off in flight and in complete disorder. And their opponents slew many of them, and they also captured many alive and brought them to Germanus. Those, however, who had not already come to the hippodrome gave no indication of their sentiment toward Maximinus. And Germanus did not see fit to go on and seek them out, but he enquired whether Maximinus, since he had sworn the oath, had taken part in the plot. And since it was proved that, though numbered among his own body-guards he had carried on his designs still more than before, Germanus impaled him close by the fortifications of Carthage, and in this way succeeded completely in putting down the sedition. As for Maximinus, then, such was the end of his plot.

  Γερμανὸν δὲ ξύν τε Συμμάχῳ καὶ Δομνίκῳ μεταπεμψάμενος βασιλεὺς Σολόμωνι αὖθις ἅπαντα Λιβύης τὰ πράγματα ἐνεχείρισε, τρισκαιδέκατον ἔτος τὴν αὐτοκράτορα ἔχων ἀρχήν: στράτευμά τε αὐτῷ παρασχόμενος καὶ ἄρχοντας ἄλλους τε καὶ Ῥουφῖνον καὶ Λεόντιον, τοὺς Ζαύνα τοῦ Φαρεσμάνου, καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν Σισινιόλου υἱόν. [2] Μαρτῖνος γὰρ καὶ Βαλεριανὸς ἤδη πρότερον ἐς Βυζάντιον μετάπεμπτοι ἦλθον. [3] Σολόμων δὲ καταπλεύσας ἐς Καρχηδόνα καὶ τῆς Στότζα στάσεως ἀπαλλαγεὶς μετρίως τε ἐξηγεῖτο καὶ Λιβύην ἀσφαλῶς διεφύλασσε, διακοσμῶν τε τὸν στρατὸν καὶ εἴ τι μὲν ὕποπτον ἐν αὐτῷ εὕρισκεν, ἔς τε Βυζάντιον καὶ παρὰ Βελισάριον πέμπων, νέους δὲ στρατιώτας εἰς τὸν ἐκείνων ἀριθμὸν καταλέγων καὶ Βανδίλων τοὺς ἀπολελειμμένους καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστά γε αὐτῶν γυναῖκας ἁπάσας ὅλης ἐξοικίζων Λιβύης. πόλιν τε ἑκάστην περιέβαλε τείχει καὶ τοὺς νόμους ξὺν ἀκριβείᾳ φυλάξας πολλῇ τὴν πολιτείαν ὡς μάλιστα διεσώσατο. [4] καὶ ἐγένετο Λιβύη ἐπ̓ ἐκείνου χρημάτων τε προσόδῳ δυνατὴ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα εὐδαίμων. [5] Ἐπεὶ δὲ ἅπαντά οἱ ὡς ἄριστα διετέτακτο, ἐπί τε Ἰαύδαν καὶ τοὺς ἐν Αὐρασίῳ Μαυρουσίους αὖθις ἐστράτευε. [6] καὶ πρῶτα μὲν Γόνθαριν, τῶν δορυφόρων τῶν αὐτοῦ ἕνα, ἄνδρα ἀγαθὸν τὰ πολέμια, ξὺν στρατεύματι ἔπεμψεν. [7] ὃς δὴ ἐς Ἀβίγαν ποταμὸν ἀφικόμενος ἐστρατοπεδεύσατο ἀμφὶ Βάγαϊν, πόλιν ἔρημον. [8] ἐνταῦθά τε τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθὼν καὶ μάχῃ ἡσσηθεὶς ἔς τε τὸ χαράκωμα ἀποχωρήσας τῇ Μαυρουσίων προσεδρείᾳ ἐπιέζετο ἤδη. [9] ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ παντὶ στρατῷ ἀφικόμενος, ἐπειδὴ σταδίοις ἑξήκοντα: τοῦ στρατοπέδου ἀπεῖχεν οὗ Γόνθαρις ἡγεῖτο, χαράκωμά τε ποιησάμενος αὐτοῦ ἔμενε καὶ τὰ ξυμπεσόντα τοῖς ἀμφὶ Γόνθαριν ἅπαντα ἀκούσας μοῖράν τε αὐτοῖς τοῦ στρατοῦ ἔπεμψε καὶ θαρσοῦντας ἐκέλευε διαμάχεσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις. [10] οἱ δὲ Μαυρούσιοι καθυπέρτεροι ἐν τῇ ξυμβολῇ, [11] ὥσπερ ἐρρήθη, γενόμενοι ἐποίουν τάδε. Ἀβίγας ὁ ποταμὸς ῥεῖ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ Αὐρασίου, κατιὼν δὲ ἐς πεδίον ἀρδεύει τὴν γῆν οὕτως ὅπως ἂν βουλομένοις ᾖ τοῖς ταύτῃ ἀνθρώποις. [12] περιάγουσι γὰρ τὸ ῥεῦμα τοῦτο οἱ ἐπιχώριοι ὅποι ποτὲ σφίσιν ἐς τὸ παραυτίκα ξυνοίσειν οἴονται, ἐπεὶ ἐν τῷδε τῷ πεδίῳ ἀπώρυγες συχναὶ τυγχάνουσιν οὖσαι, ἐς ἃς δὴ ὁ Ἀβίγας σχιζόμενός τε καὶ ἐς πάσας ἰὼν ὑπὸ γῆν φέρεται καὶ αὖθις ὑπὲρ γῆν διαφαίνεται, [13] ξυνάγων τὸ ῥεῦμα. τοῦτό τε ἐπὶ πλεῖστον τοῦ πεδίου ξυμβαῖνον ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ τοῖς ταύτῃ ᾠκημένοις τίθεται εἶναι, ἐπιβύσασι χώματι τοὺς ῥωχμοὺς ἢ αὖθις αὐτοὺς ἀποκαλύψασι τοῖς ὕδασι τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦδε ὅ τι βούλοιντο χρῆσθαι. [14] τότε οὖν ἁπάσας οἱ Μαυρούσιοι τὰς ἐκείνῃ ἀπώρυγας ἀποφράξαντες ἀφιᾶσι τὸ ῥεῦμα ὅλον φέρεσθαι ἀμφὶ τὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατόπεδον. [15] ἀφ̓ οὗ δὴ τέλμα βαθὺ γεγονὸς καὶ ἀπόρευτον ἐξέπληξέ τε αὐτοὺς ὅτι μάλιστα καὶ ἐς ἀπορίαν κατέστησε. [16] ταῦτα ἀκούσας Σολόμων κατὰ τάχος ᾔει. οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι δείσαντες ἀναχωροῦσιν ἐς τοῦ Αὐρασίου τὸν πρόποδα. καὶ ἐν χώρῳ ὃν Βάβωσιν καλοῦσι, στρατοπεδευσάμενοι ἔμενον. ἄρας τε Σολόμων τῷ παντὶ στρατῷ ἐνταῦθα ἧκε. [17] καὶ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθὼν κρατήσας τε παρὰ πολὺ αὐτῶν ἐς φυγὴν ἔτρεψε. [18] καὶ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ οἱ Μαυρούσιοι μάχην μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἀντιπάλου πρὸς Ῥωμαίους διενεγκεῖν ἀξύμφορον σφίσιν ᾤοντο εἶναι: οὐ γὰρ αὐτῶν περιέσεσθαι τῇ μάχῃ ἤλπιζον: ἐς δὲ τοῦ Αὐρασίου τὴν δυσχωρίαν ἐλπίδα εἶχον ἀπολέγοντας τῇ ταλαιπωρίᾳ Ῥωμαίους χρόνῳ ὀλίγῳ ἐνθένδε ἐξανίστασθαι ὥσπερ τὸ πρότερον. [19] οἱ μὲν οὖν πολλοὶ ἔς τε Μαυριτανοὺς καὶ ἐς τοὺς πρὸς μεσημβρίαν τοῦ Αὐρασίου βαρβάρους ᾤχοντο, Ἰαύδας δὲ ξὺν Μαυρουσίων δισμυρίοις ἐνταῦθα ἔμενεν. ἐτύγχανε δὲ φρούριον οἰκοδομησάμενος ἐν Αὐρασίῳ, Ζερβούλην ὄν
ομα. οὗ δὴ ἐσελθὼν σὺν πᾶσι Μαυρουσίοις ἡσύχαζε. [20] Σολόμων δὲ χρόνον μὲν τρίβεσθαι τῇ πολιορκίᾳ ἥκιστα ἤθελε, μαθὼν δὲ τὰ ἀμφὶ πόλιν Ταμουγάδην πεδία σίτου ἀκμάζοντος ἔμπλεα εἶναι ἐς αὐτὰ ἐπῆγε τὸ στράτευμα καὶ ἐγκαθεζόμενος ἐδῄου τὴν γῆν. πυρπολήσας τε ἅπαντα ἐς Ζερβούλην τὸ φρούριον αὖθις ἀνέστρεψεν. [21] Ἐν δὲ τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ ᾧ Ῥωμαῖοι ἐδῄουν τὴν γῆν, Ἰαύδας καταλιπὼν Μαυρουσίων τινάς, οὓς μάλιστα ᾤετο ἐς τοῦ φρουρίου τὴν φυλακὴν ἱκανοὺς ἔσεσθαι, αὐτὸς ἐς τὴν τοῦ Αὐρασίου ὑπερβολὴν ξὺν τῷ ἄλλῳ στρατῷ ἀνέβη, ὅπως μὴ πολιορκουμένους ἐνταῦθα τὰ ἐπιτήδεια σφᾶς ἐπιλίποι. [22] χῶρόν τε εὑρὼν κρημνοῖς τε πάντοθεν ἀνεχόμενον καὶ πρὸς ἀποτόμων πετρῶν καλυπτόμενον, [23] Τοῦμαρ ὄνομα, ἐνταῦθα ἡσύχαζε. Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ Ζερβούλην τὸ φρούριον ἐς τρεῖς ἐπολιόρκουν ἡμέρας. καὶ τόξοις χρώμενοι, ἅτε οὐχ ὑψηλοῦ ὄντος τοῦ τείχους, πολλοὺς τῶν ἐν ταῖς ἐπάλξεσι βαρβάρων ἔβαλλον. [24] τύχῃ δέ τινι ξυνέπεσεν ἅπαντας Μαυρουσίων τοὺς ἡγεμόνας τούτοις δὴ ἐντυχόντας τοῖς βέλεσι θνήσκειν. [25] ἐπεὶ δὲ ὅ τε τῶν τριῶν ἡμερῶν χρόνος ἐτρίβη καὶ νὺξ ἐπέλαβε, Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν οὐδὲν τοῦ θανάτου πέρι τῶν ἐν Μαυρουσίοις ἡγεμόνων πυθόμενοι διαλύειν ἐβουλεύοντο τὴν προσεδρείαν. [26] ἄμεινον γὰρ Σολόμων̣̣̔̓ ἐφαίνετο ἐπί τε Ἰαύδαν καὶ Μαυρουσίων τὸ πλῆθος ἰέναι, οἰομένῳ, ἢν ἐκείνους πολιορκίᾳ ἑλεῖν δύνηται, ῥᾷόν τε καὶ ἀπονώτερον τοὺς ἐν Ζερβούλῃ βαρβάρους προσχωρήσειν σφίσιν. [27] οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι οὐκέτι ἀντέχειν τῇ προσεδρείᾳ οἰόμενοι, ἐπεὶ αὐτοῖς ἅπαντες ἤδη οἱ ἡγεμόνες ἀνῄρηντο, φεύγειν τε κατὰ τάχος καὶ τὸ φρούριον ἀπολιπεῖν ἔγνωσαν. [28] αὐτίκα γοῦν ἅπαντες σιγῇ τε καὶ οὐδεμίαν τοῖς πολεμίοις αἴσθησιν παρεχόμενοι ἔφευγον, οἵ τε Ῥωμαῖοι ἐς τὴν ἀναχώρησιν ἅμα ἡμέρᾳ παρεσκευάζοντο. [29] καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐν τῷ τείχει οὐδείς, καίπερ πολεμίων ἀναχωρούντων, ἐφαίνετο, ἐθαύμαζόν τε καὶ ἐς ἀλλήλους ἐπὶ πλεῖστον διηποροῦντο. [30] ξὺν ταύτῃ τε τῇ ἀμηχανίᾳ τὸ φρούριον περιιόντες ἀνακεκλιμένην τὴν πυλίδα εὑρίσκουσιν ὅθεν δὴ οἱ Μαυρούσιοι ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες. [31] ἔς τε τὸ φρούριον ἐσελθόντες ἐν ἁρπαγῇ ἅπαντα ἐποιήσαντο, διώκειν μέντοι ἤκιστα τοὺς πολεμίους διενοοῦντο, ἄνδρας κούφως τε ἐσταλμένους μένους καὶ τῶν ἐκείνῃ χωρίων ἐμπείρους. [32] καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἅπαντα ἐληίσαντο, φύλακας τοῦ φρουρίου καταστησάμενοι πεζῇ ἅπαντες ἐχώρουν πρόσω.

  XI

  [539-540 A.D.] And the emperor summoned Germanus together with Symmachus and Domnicus and again entrusted all Libya to Solomon, in the thirteenth year of his reign; and he provided him with an army and officers, among whom were Rufinus and Leontius, the sons of Zaunas the son of Pharesmanas, and John, the son of Sisiniolus. For Martinus and Valerianus had already before this gone under summons to Byzantium. And Solomon sailed to Carthage, and having rid himself of the sedition of Stotzas, he ruled with moderation and guarded Libya securely, setting the army in order, and sending to Byzantium and to Belisarius whatever suspicious elements he found in it, and enrolling new soldiers to equal their number, and removing those of the Vandals who were left and especially all their women from the whole of Libya. And he surrounded each city with a wall, and guarding the laws with great strictness, he restored the government completely. And Libya became under his rule powerful as to its revenues and prosperous in other respects.

  And when everything had been arranged by him in the best way possible, he again made an expedition against Iaudas and the Moors on Aurasium. And first he sent forward Gontharis, one of his own body-guards and an able warrior, with an army. Now Gontharis came to the Abigas River and made camp near Bagaïs, a deserted city. And there he engaged with the enemy, but was defeated in battle, and retiring to his stockade was already being hard pressed by the siege of the Moors. But afterwards Solomon himself arrived with his whole army, and when he was sixty stades away from the camp which Gontharis was commanding, he made a stockade and remained there; and hearing all that had befallen the force of Gontharis, he sent them a part of his army and bade them keep up the fight against the enemy with courage. But the Moors, having gained the upper hand in the engagement, as I have said, did as follows. The Abigas River flows from Aurasium, and descending into a plain, waters the land just as the men there desire. For the natives conduct this stream to whatever place they think it will best serve them at the moment, for in this plain there are many channels, into which the Abigas is divided, and entering all of them, it passes underground, and reappears again above the ground and gathers its stream together. This takes place over the greatest part of the plain and makes it possible for the inhabitants of the region, by stopping up the waterways with earth, or by again opening them, to make use of the waters of this river as they wish. So at that time the Moors shut off all the channels there and thus allowed the whole stream to flow about the camp of the Romans. As a result of this, a deep, muddy marsh formed there through which it was impossible to go; this terrified them exceedingly and reduced them to a state of helplessness. When this was heard by Solomon, he came quickly. But the barbarians, becoming afraid, withdrew to the foot of Aurasium. And in a place which they call Babosis they made camp and remained there. So Solomon moved with his whole army and came to that place. And upon engaging with the enemy, he defeated them decisively and turned them to flight. Now after this the Moors did not think it advisable for them to fight a pitched battle with the Romans; for they did not hope to overcome them in this kind of contest; but they did have hope, based on the difficult character of the country around Aurasium, that the Romans would in a short time give up by reason of the sufferings they would have to endure and would withdraw from there, just as they formerly had done. The most of them, therefore, went off to Mauretania and the barbarians to the south of Aurasium, but Iaudas with twenty thousand of the Moors remained there. And it happened that he had built a fortress on Aurasium, Zerboule by name. Into this he entered with all the Moors and remained quiet. But Solomon was by no means willing that time should be wasted in the siege, and learning that the plains about the city of Tamougade were full of grain just becoming ripe, he led his army into them, and settling himself there, began to plunder the land. Then, after firing everything, he returned again to the fortress of Zerboule.

  But during this time, while the Romans were plundering the land, Iaudas, leaving behind some of the Moors, about as many as he thought would be sufficient for the defence of the fortress, himself ascended to the summit of Aurasium with the rest of the army, not wishing to stand siege in the fort and have provisions fail his forces. And finding a high place with cliff’s on all sides of i
t and concealed by perpendicular rocks, Toumar by name, he remained quietly there. And the Romans besieged the fortress of Zerboule for three days. And using their bows, since the wall was not high, they hit many of the barbarians upon the parapets. And by some chance it happened that all the leaders of the Moors were hit by these missiles and died. And when the three days’ time had passed and night came on, the Romans, having learned nothing of the death of the leaders among the Moors, were planning to break up the siege. For it seemed better to Solomon to go against Iaudas and the multitude of the Moors, thinking that, if he should be able to capture that force by siege, the barbarians in Zerboule would with less trouble and difficulty yield to the Romans. But the barbarians, thinking that they could no longer hold out against the siege, since all their leaders had now been destroyed, decided to flee with all speed and abandon the fortress. Accordingly they fled immediately in silence and without allowing the enemy in any way to perceive it, and the Romans also at daybreak began to prepare for departure. And since no one appeared on the wall, although the besieging army was withdrawing, they began to wonder and fell into the greatest perplexity among themselves. And in this state of uncertainty they went around the fortress and found the gate open from which the Moors had departed in flight. And entering the fortress they treated everything as plunder, but they had no thought of pursuing the enemy, for they had set out with light equipment and were familiar with the country round about. And when they had plundered everything, they set guards over the fortress, and all moved forward on foot.