Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  XXI

  But in the fourth year after this it came about that all their blessings were turned to the opposite. [543-544 A.D.] For in the seventeenth year of the reign of the Emperor Justinian, Cyrus and Sergius, the sons of Bacchus, Solomon’s brother, were assigned by the emperor to rule over the cities in Libya, Cyrus, the elder, to have Pentapolis, and Sergius Tripolis. And the Moors who are called Leuathae came to Sergius with a great army at the city of Leptimagna, spreading the report that the reason they had come was this, that Sergius might give them the gifts and insignia of office which were customary and so make the peace secure. But Sergius, persuaded by Pudentius, a man of Tripolis, of whom I made mention in the preceding narrative as having served the Emperor Justinian against the Vandals at the beginning of the Vandalic War, received eighty of the barbarians, their most notable men, into the city, promising to fulfil all their demands; but he commanded the rest to remain in the suburb. Then after giving these eighty men pledges concerning the peace, he invited them to a banquet. But they say that these barbarians had come into the city with treacherous intent, that they might lay a trap for Sergius and kill him. And when they came into conference with him, they called up many charges against the Romans, and in particular said that their crops had been plundered wrongfully. And Sergius, paying no heed to these things, rose from the seat on which he was sitting, with intent to go away. And one of the barbarians, laying hold upon his shoulder, attempted to prevent him from going. Then the others began to shout in confusion, and were already rushing together about him. But one of the body-guards of Sergius, drawing his sword, despatched that Moor. And as a result of this a great tumult, as was natural, arose in the room, and the guards of Sergius killed all the barbarians. But one of them, upon seeing the others being slain, rushed out of the house where these things were taking place, unnoticed by anyone, and coming to his tribemates, revealed what had befallen their fellows. And when they heard this, they betook themselves on the run to their own camp and together with all the others arrayed themselves in arms against the Romans. Now when they came near the city of Leptimagna, Sergius and Pudentius confronted them with their whole army. And the battle becoming a hand-to-hand fight, at first the Romans were victorious and slew many of the enemy, and, plundering their camp, secured their goods and enslaved an exceedingly great number of women and children. But afterwards Pudentius, being possessed by a spirit of reckless daring, was killed; and Sergius with the Roman army, since it was already growing dark, marched into Leptimagna.

  At a later time the barbarians took the field against the Romans with a greater array. And Sergius went to join his uncle Solomon, in order that he too might go to meet the enemy with a larger army; and he found there his brother Cyrus also. And the barbarians, coming into Byzacium, made raids and plundered a great part of the country there; and Antalas (whom I mentioned in the preceding narrative as having remained faithful to the Romans and as being for this reason sole ruler of the Moors in Byzacium) had by now, as it happened, become hostile to Solomon, because Solomon had deprived him of the maintenance with which the emperor had honoured him and had killed his brother, charging him with responsibility for an uprising against the people of Byzacium. So at that time Antalas was pleased to see these barbarians, and making an offensive and defensive alliance with them, led them against Solomon and Carthage.

  And Solomon, as soon as he heard about this, put his whole army in motion and marched against them, and coming upon them at the city of Tebesta, distant six days’ journey from Carthage, he established his camp in company with the sons of his brother Bacchus, Cyrus and Sergius and Solomon the younger. And fearing the multitude of the barbarians, he sent to the leaders of the Leuathae, reproaching them because, while at peace with the Romans, they had taken up arms and come against them, and demanding that they should confirm the peace existing between the two peoples, and he promised to swear the most dread oaths, that he would hold no remembrance of what they had done. But the barbarians, mocking his words, said that he would of course swear by the sacred writings of the Christians, which they are accustomed to call Gospels. Now since Sergius had once taken these oaths and then had slain those who trusted in them, it was their desire to go into battle and make a test of these same sacred writings, to see what sort of power they had against the perjurers, in order that they might first have absolute confidence in them before they finally entered into the agreement. When Solomon heard this, he made his preparations for the combat.

  And on the following day he engaged with a portion of the enemy as they were bringing in a very large booty, conquered them in battle, seized all their booty and kept it under guard. And when the soldiers were dissatisfied and counted it an outrage that he did not give them the plunder, he said that he was awaiting the outcome of the war, in order that they might distribute everything then, according to the share that should seem to suit the merit of each. But when the barbarians advanced a second time, with their whole army, to give battle, this time some of the Romans stayed behind and the others entered the encounter with no enthusiasm. At first, then, the battle was evenly contested, but later, since the Moors were vastly superior by reason of their great numbers, the most of the Romans fled, and though Solomon and a few men about him held out for a time against the missiles of the barbarians, afterwards they were overpowered by the enemy, and fleeing in haste, reached a ravine made by a brook which flowed in that region. And there Solomon’s horse stumbled and threw him to the ground, and his body-guards lifted him quickly in their arms and set him upon his horse. But overcome by great pain and unable to hold the reins longer, he was overtaken and killed by the barbarians, and many of his guards besides. Such was the end of Solomon’s life.

  Τελευτήσαντος δὲ Σολόμωνος, Σέργιος αὐτοῦ ὥσπερ εἴρηται, ἀδελφιδοῦς ὤν, δόντος βασιλέως παρέλαβε τὴν Λιβύης ἀρχήν. [2] ὃς δὴ φθορἇ̣̣̓ πολλῆς αἰτιώτατος τῷ Λιβύων γένει ἐγένετο ἅπαντές τε αὐτοῦ τῇ ἀρχῇ ἤχθοντο, ἄρχοντες μέν, ὅτι ἀσύνετος ὢν κομιδῆ καὶ νέος τόν τε τρόπον καὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν ἀλαζονικώτατος γέγονεν ἀνθρώπων ἀπάντων, ὕβριζέ τε λόγῳ οὐδενὶ ἐς αὐτοὺς καὶ ὑπερεώρα, πλούτου τε δυνάμει καὶ τῇ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐξουσίᾳ ἐς τοῦτο ἀεὶ ἐπιχρώμενος: οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται, ὅτι δὴ ἄνανδρός τε καὶ μαλθακὸς παντάπασιν ἦν: οἱ δὲ Λίβυες διά τε ταῦτα καὶ ὅτι γυναικῶν τε καὶ χρημάτων ἀλλοτρίων ἄτοπός τις ἐραστὴς ἐγεγόνει. [3] μάλιστα δὲ πάντων Ἰωάννης ὁ Σισινιόλου τῇ Σεργίου δυνάμει χαλεπῶς εἶχεν. ἀγαθὸς γὰρ ὢν τὰ πολέμια καὶ διαφερόντως εὐδόκιμος, ἀχαρίστου τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀτεχνῶς ἔτυχε. [4] διὸ δὴ οὔτε αὐτὸς οὔτε ἄλλος τῶν πάντων οὐδεὶς ὅπλα ἀνταίρειν τοῖς πολεμίοις ἠβούλετο. [5] τῷ δὲ Ἀντάλᾳ οἵ τε Μαυρούσιοι σχεδόν τι ἅπαντες εἵποντο καὶ Στότζας ἐκ Μαυριτανίας μετάπεμπτος ἦλθεν. [6] ἐπεί τε οὐδεὶς σφίσιν ἐπεξῄει τῶν πολεμίων, ἦγόν τε καὶ ἔφερον ληιζόμενοι ἀδεῶς ἅπαντα. τότε Ἀντάλας Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ γράμματα ἔγραψεν. [7] ἐδήλου δὲ ἡ γραφὴ τάδε: ‘Δοῦλος μὲν εἶναι τῆς σῆς βασιλείας οὐκ ἂν οὐδὲ αὐτὸς ἀρνηθείην, Μαυρούσιοι δὲ πρὸς Σολόμωνος ἐν σπονδαῖς πεπονθότες ἀνόσια ἔργα, ἐν ὅπλοις ὡς μάλιστα ἠναγκασμένοι γεγόνασιν, ο�
� σοι ταῦτα ἀνταίροντες, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἀμυνόμενοι, καὶ διαφερόντως ἐγώ. [8] οὐ γὰρ μόνον με τῶν σιτήσεων ἀποστερεῖν ἔγνω ἅσπερ μοι πολλῷ πρότερον χρόνῳ Βελισάριός τε διώρισε καὶ σὺ δέδωκας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἐμὸν ἔκτεινεν, οὐδὲν ἀδίκημα αὐτῷ ἐπενεγκεῖν ἔχων. [9] τὴν μὲν οὖν δίκην παρὰ τοῦ ἠδικηκότος ἡμᾶς λαβόντες ἔχομεν. εἰ δέ σοι βουλομένῳ ἐστὶ δουλεύειν τε Μαυρουσίους τῇ σῇ βασιλείᾳ καὶ πάντα ὑπηρετεῖν ᾗπερ εἰώθασι, Σέργιον μὲν τὸν τοῦ Σολόμωνος ἀδελφιδοῦν ἐνθένδε ἀπαλλαγέντα ἐπανήκειν παρὰ σὲ κέλευε, ἄλλον δὲ στρατηγὸν εἰς Λιβύην πέμπε. [10] οὐ γάρ σε ἐπιλείψουσιν ἄνδρες ξυνετοί τε καὶ Σεργίου τῷ παντὶ ἀξιώτεροι: ἕως γὰρ οὗτος τῷ σῷ ἐξηγεῖται στρατῷ, εἰρήνην ἔς τε Ῥωμαίους καὶ Μαυρουσίους ξυνίστασθαι ἀμήχανά ἐστιν.’ Ἀντάλας μὲν τοσαῦτα ἔγραψε. βασιλεὺς δὲ [11] ταῦτα ἀναλεξάμενος καὶ μαθὼν τὸ κοινὸν ἁπάντων ἐς Σέργιον ἔχθος, οὐδ̓ ὣς παραλύειν αὐτὸν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἤθελε, Σολόμωνος τήν τε ἄλλην ἀρετὴν καὶ τὴν τοῦ βίου καταστροφὴν αἰσχυνόμενος. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐφέρετο τῇδε. [12] Σολόμων δέ, ὁ Σεργίου ἀδελφός, δόξας ξὺν τῷ θείῳ Σολόμωνι ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθῆναι, πρός τε τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἠμελήθη: οὐ γάρ τις αὐτὸν περιόντα ἔγνω. [13] ἐτύγχανον δὲ ζωγρήσαντες αὐτὸν ἅτε νέον κομιδῆ ὄντα Μαυρούσιοι, [14] καὶ αὐτοῦ ἀνεπυνθάνοντο ὅστις ποτὲ εἴη. ὁ δὲ Βανδίλος μὲν γένος, Σολόμωνος δὲ δοῦλος ἔφασκεν εἶναι. φίλον μέντοι τῶν τινα ἰατρῶν, Πηγάσιον ὄνομα, εἶναί οἱ ἐν πόλει Λαρίβῳ, πλησίον που οὔσῃ, ὃς αὐτὸν ὠνήσαιτο τὰ λύτρα διδούς. [15] οἱ μὲν οὖν Μαυρούσιοι ἄγχιστα τοῦ τῆς πόλεως περιβόλου γενόμενοι ἐκάλουν τε τὸν Πηγάσιον καί οἱ Σολόμωνα ἐπεδείκνυον, ἠρώτων τε εἴ οἱ τοῦτον ὠνεῖσθαι πρὸς ἡδονῆς ἐστι. [16] καὶ ἐπεὶ ὡμολόγει ὠνήσεσθαι, πεντήκοντά οἱ χρυσῶν ἀπέδοντο τὸν Σολόμωνα. [17] ἐντὸς δὲ τοῦ περιβόλου γενόμενος Σολόμων τοὺς Μαυρουσίους, ἅτε πρὸς αὐτοῦ μειρακίου ὄντος ἐξηπατημένους, ἐτώθαζεν: αὐτὸς γὰρ Σολόμων ἔφασκεν, ὁ Βάκχου μὲν παῖς, [18] Σολόμωνος δὲ ἀδελφιδοῦς εἶναι. Μαυρούσιοι δὲ τοῖς τε ξυμπεσοῦσι περιαλγοῦντες καὶ δεινὰ ποιούμενοι, ὅτι δὴ Σεργίου τε καὶ Ῥωμαίων ἐνέχυρον κρατερὸν ἔχοντες εἶτα οὕτω παρέργως ἀφῆκαν, ἐς Λάριβόν τε ἀφίκοντο καὶ αὐτῆς ἐς πολιορκίαν κατέστησαν, ὅπως τὸν Σολόμωνα ξὺν τῇ πόλει αἱρήσουσιν. [19] οἱ δὲ πολιορκούμενοι τῶν βαρβάρων τὴν προσεδρείαν κατορρωδήσαντες, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐσκομισάμενοι ἔτυχον, τοῖς Μαυρουσίοις ἐς λόγους ἦλθον, ἐφ̓ ᾧ χρήματα μεγάλα περιβαλλόμενοι τὴν προσεδρείαν εὐθὺς διαλύσωσιν. [20] οἱ δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἑλεῖν βίᾳ τὴν πόλιν οἰόμενοι, ἐπεὶ Μαυρουσίοις τειχομαχεῖν οὐδαμῆ ἤσκηται, σπανίζειν τε τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τοῖς πολιορκουμένοις ἥκιστα ἔγνωσαν, τούς τε λόγους ἐνεδέχοντο καὶ τρισχιλίους κεκομισμένοι χρυσοῦς τὴν πολιορκίαν διέλυσαν, καὶ οἱ Λευάθαι ἐπ̓ οἴκου ξύμπαντες ἀνεχώρησαν.