Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  XVIII

  WHEN the army under John and Isaac had reached Epidamnus and joined Belisarius, John, on the one hand, urged that they ferry all the troops across the gulf and proceed by land with the whole army, meeting together whatever opposition might develop against them; but Belisarius, on the other hand, considered this plan inexpedient, and thought that more was to be gained by sailing to the neighbourhood of Rome; for in going by land they would consume a longer time, and would perhaps be confronted by some obstacle; John meanwhile was to march through the territory of the Calabrians and the other peoples of that region, drive out the few barbarians who were there, and, after reducing to submission the territory south of the Ionian Gulf, march to the neighbourhood of Rome and rejoin his friends; it was here, indeed, that Belisarius purposed to land with the rest of the army. For he thought that, since the Romans were suffering most cruelly in the siege, even the smallest delay would, in all probability, bring disaster to their cause. And if they went by sea and met with a favouring wind, it would be possible to land at the harbour of Rome on the fifth day, while an army marching by land from Dryus could not reach Rome even within forty days.

  So Belisarius gave these directions to John and set sail from there with his whole fleet; but a violent wind fell upon them, and they put in at Dryus. And when the Goths who had been stationed there to besiege the fortress saw this fleet, they abandoned the siege and straightway betook themselves to the neighbourhood of Brundisium, a city two days’ journey distant from Dryus, situated on the coast of the gulf and without walls; for they supposed that Belisarius would immediately pass through the strait at Dryus; and they reported their situation to Totila. He, for his part, put his own army in readiness to oppose Belisarius and commanded the Goths in Calabria to keep the passes under guard as best they could.

  But when Belisarius, finding a favourable wind, sailed away from Dryus, the Goths in Calabria thought no more of him and began to conduct themselves carelessly, while Totila was content to remain quiet and to guard still more closely the approaches to Rome, so that it might be impossible to bring any kind of provisions into the city. And he devised the following structure on the Tiber. Observing a place where the river flows in a very narrow channel, about ninety stades distant from the city, he placed very long timbers, reaching from one bank to the other, so as to form a bridge at that point. Then he constructed two wooden towers, one on either bank, and placed in each one a garrison of warlike men, so that it might be no longer possible for boats of any kind whatever to make their way up from Portus and so enter the city.

  Meanwhile Belisarius, on his part, landed at the harbour of Rome, while John with his army was remaining where he was. Then John ferried his force over to Calabria, quite unobserved by the Goths, who, as stated above, were waiting in the neighbourhood of Brundisium. And he captured two of the enemy who were going out as scouts, one of whom he killed immediately; but the other laid hold of his knees and begged to be made a prisoner. “For,” he said, “I shall not be useless to you and the Roman army.” And when John asked him what advantage he could possibly confer upon the Romans and him if he was not destroyed, the man promised to enable him to fall upon the Goths while they had not the least expectation of such a thing. Then John said that his prayer should not fail to be heard, but first he must shew him the pastures of their horses. This too the barbarian agreed to do and so he went with him. And first, upon finding the enemy’s horses pasturing, all the men who happened to be on foot leaped upon their backs; and there was a large number of such men comprising some of the best troops. Next they advanced at full speed upon the camp of their opponents. And the barbarians, being unarmed and utterly unprepared, and terror-stricken by the suddenness of the attack, were most of them destroyed where they stood, utterly forgetful of their valour, and only a small number succeeded in escaping and made their way to Totila.

  Then John began to console and pacify all the Calabrians, endeavouring to win them to loyalty to the emperor and promising that they would receive many benefits both from the emperor and from the Roman army. Then, departing as quickly as he could from Brundisium, he captured a city, Canusium by name, which is situated approximately at the centre of Apulia and is distant from Brundisium five days’ journey as one goes westward toward Rome. Twenty five stades away from this city of Canusium is Cannae, where they say the Romans in early times suffered their great disaster at the hand of Hannibal, the general of the Libyans. [216 B.C.]

  In that city a certain Tullianus, son of Venantius, a Roman who possessed great power among the Brutii and Lucani, came before John and made charges against the emperor’s army for the treatment they had previously meted out to the Italians, but he agreed that, if the army thereafter should treat them with some degree of consideration, he would hand over Bruttium and Lucania to the Romans, to be again subject and tributary to the emperor no less truly than they had been before. For it was not, he said, by their own will that they had yielded to men who were both barbarians and Arians, but because they had been placed under most dire constraint by their opponents, and had also been treated with injustice by the emperor’s soldiers. And upon John’s declaration that thereafter the Italians would receive every blessing from the army, Tullianus went with him. Consequently the soldiers no longer entertained any suspicion as regards the Italians, but the most of the territory south of the Ionian Gulf had become friendly to them and subject to the emperor.

  But when Totila heard this, he selected three hundred of the Goths and sent them to Capua. These men he instructed that, whenever they saw the army of John marching thence toward Rome, they should simply follow him without drawing attention to themselves; for he himself would attend to the rest. In consequence of this John became afraid that he would fall into some trap and be surrounded by the enemy, and so discontinued his movement to join Belisarius, and instead marched into the territory of the Bruttii and Lucani.

  Now there was a certain Rhecimundus among the Goths, a man of note whom Totila had appointed to keep guard over Bruttium; he had under him some of the Goths as well as Roman soldiers and Moors who had deserted, and his instructions were to guard with these troops the Strait of Scylla and the adjoining coast, so that no one might be able fearlessly to set sail from there for Sicily nor to land there from the island. This army was surprised by John, whose presence had not been reported to them; and he fell upon them at a point between Rhegium and Vevon, threw them into consternation by a sudden attack, utterly heedless as they were of their valour, and turned them immediately to flight. And they sought refuge by fleeing to the mountain which rises near by, a difficult one to climb and generally precipitous; but John pursued them and reached the steep slopes along with the enemy, and thus, before they had as yet secured their position on the rough mountain-side, he engaged with them and killed many of the Moors and Roman soldiers, though they offered a most vigorous resistance, and captured by surrender Rhecimundus and the Goths together with all who remained.

  After accomplishing this feat, John still continued to remain where he was, while Belisarius, constantly expecting John, remained inactive. And Belisarius kept reproaching him because he would not take the risk of meeting in battle the force on guard at Capua, only three hundred in number, and endeavour to make his way through, in spite of the fact that he had barbarians under his command who were men selected for their valour. But John abandoned that plan, and proceeded to a place in Apulia, called Cervarium, where he remained in idleness.

  Δείσας οὖν Βελισάριος ἀμφὶ τοῖς πολιορκουμένοις, μή τι ἀνήκεστον δράσωσι τῶν ἀναγκαίων τῇ ἀπορίᾳ, ὅτῳ δὴ τρόπῳ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐς Ῥώμην εἰσκομίζειν διενοεῖτο. [2] καὶ ἐπεὶ δύναμιν ἀξιόμαχον πρός γε τοὺς πολεμίους οὐδαμῆ εἶχεν, ὥστε μάχῃ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ πρὸς αὐτοὺς διακρίνεσθαι, πρότερον ἐπενόει τά
δε. [3] ἀκάτους δύο ἐσάγαν εὐρείας ζεύξας τε καὶ λίαν ἐς ἀλλήλας ξυνδήσας, πύργον ξύλινον ἐπ̓ αὐταῖς ἐτεκτήνατο, πολλῷ καθυπέρτερον τῶν τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐν τῇ γεφύρᾳ πεποιημένων. [4] ξυμμετρησάμενος γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς ἔτυχε πρότερον, πέμψας τῶν οἱ ἑπομένων τινάς, οἵπερ εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους αὐτόμολοι δῆθεν τῷ λόγῳ ἐστέλλοντο. [5] δρόμωνάς τε διακοσίους τείχεσι ξυλίνοις περιβαλὼν ἐς Τίβεριν καθῆκε, πανταχόθι τῶν ξυλίνων τειχῶν τρυπήματα ποιησάμενος, ὅπως δὴ βάλλειν τοὺς πολεμίους ἐνθένδε σφίσι δυνατὰ εἴη. σῖτόν τε οὖν καὶ ἄλλα τῶν ἐπιτηδείων πολλὰ τοῖς δρόμωσι τούτοις ἐνθέμενος στρατιωτῶν αὐτοὺς τῶν μαχιμωτάτων ἐπλήρου. [6] στρατιώτας δὲ ἄλλους πεζούς τε καὶ ἱππεῖς ἑκατέρωθεν ἐν χωρίοις ἐχυροῖς τισιν ἀμφὶ τὰς τοῦ Τιβέριδος ἐκβολὰς ἔστησεν, οὓς δὴ ἐκέλευσε μένειν τε αὐτοῦ καί, ἢν τῶν πολεμίων τινὲς ἐπὶ τὸν Πόρτον ἴωσι, διακωλύειν δυνάμει τῇ πάσῃ. [7] τὸν δὲ Ἰσαάκην ἐς τὸν Πόρτον ἐσαγαγὼν τήν τε πόλιν καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα παρέδωκε καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐνταῦθα ἔχων ἐτύγχανε. καί οἱ ἐπέστελλε μηδεμιᾷ ἐνθένδε μηχανῇ ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι, μηδ̓ ἢν Βελισάριον πύθηται πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων ἀπολωλέναι, ἀλλὰ τῆς φυλακῆς ἐς ἀεὶ ἔχεσθαι, ὅπως, ἤν τι σφίσιν ἐναντίωμα ὑπαντιάσῃ, ἕξουσιν ὅπη διαφυγόντες σωθήσονται. [8] ὀχύρωμα γὰρ ἄλλο ταύτης δὴ τῆς χώρας οὐδαμῆ εἶχον, ἀλλὰ πάντα σφίσι πανταχόσε πολέμια ἦν. [9] Αὐτὸς δὲ ἐς ἕνα τῶν δρομώνων ἐσβὰς τοῦ τε στόλου ἡγεῖτο καὶ τὰς ἀκάτους ἐφέλκειν ἐκέλευεν, [10] οὗ δὴ τὸν πύργον ἐτύγχανε τεκτηνάμενος. τοῦ δὲ πύργου ὕπερθεν λέμβον τινὰ ἔθετο, πίσσης τε καὶ θείου καὶ ῥητίνης αὐτὸν ἐμπλησάμενος καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ὅσα δὴ τοῦ πυρὸς βρῶσις ὀξυτάτη γίνεσθαι πέφυκε. [11] κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἑτέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ὄχθην, ἥ ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πόρτου ἐς Ῥώμην ἰόντι ἐν δεξιᾷ, καὶ πεζὸς παραβεβοηθήκει στρατός. [12] πέμψας δὲ καὶ παρὰ Βέσσαν τῇ προτεραίᾳ ἐκέλευε τῇ ἐπιγενησομένῃ ἡμέρᾳ πολλῷ στρατῷ ἐπεξιόντα ξυνταράξαι τὰ τῶν πολεμίων στρατόπεδα, ὅπερ οἱ καὶ πρότερον ἐπιστείλας πολλάκις ἤδη ἐτύγχανεν. [13] ἀλλὰ Βέσσας οὔτε πρότερον οὔτε ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ μάχῃ ἐπιτελῆ ποιεῖν τὰ ἐπαγγελλόμενα ἔγνω. [14] ἔτι γάρ οἱ μόνῳ τι τοῦ σίτου ἐλέλειπτο, ἐπεὶ ὅσον ἐς Ῥώμην οἱ Σικελίας ἄρχοντες πρότερον ἔπεμψαν τοῖς τε στρατιώταις ἐπαρκέσοντα καὶ τῷ δήμῳ παντί, αὐτὸς ὀλίγον μὲν κομιδῇ τῷ δήμῳ ἀφῆκε, τὸν δὲ πλεῖστον κεκομισμένος ἐπὶ τῷ τῶν στρατιωτῶν λόγῳ ἀπέκρυψεν, ὅνπερ τοῖς ἐκ βουλῆς ἀποδιδόμενος χρημάτων μεγάλων διαλύεσθαι τὴν πολιορκίαν ἥκιστα ἤθελε. [15] Βελισάριος μὲν οὖν καὶ ὁ Ῥωμαίων στόλος πόνῳ ἀναπλέοντες ἅτε τοῦ ῥεύματος σφίσιν ἀντιστατοῦντος ᾔεσαν. Γότθοι δὲ οὐδαμῆ ὑπηντίαζον, ἀλλ̓ ἐν τοῖς χαρακώμασιν ἡσυχῆ ἔμενον. [16] ἤδη δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι ἄγχιστα τῆς γεφύρας γενόμενοι φρουρᾷ πολεμίων ἐνέτυχον, οἳ δὴ ἐφ̓ ἑκάτερα τοῦ ποταμοῦ σειρᾶς σιδηρᾶς ἐπὶ τῇ φυλακῇ ἐτετάχατο, ἣν οὐ πολλῷ πρότερον ἐνταῦθα ἐναποθέμενος Τουτίλας ἔτυχεν, ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας τοῦ Τιβέριδος ὄχθης ἄχρι ἐς τὴν ἑτέραν ἐξικνουμένην, ὅπως δὴ μηδὲ ὅσον ἐς τὴν γέφυραν ἰέναι οἱ ἐναντίοι εὐπετῶς δύνωνται. [17] καὶ αὐτῶν βάλλοντες τοὺς μὲν ἔκτειναν, τοὺς δὲ τρεψάμενοι καὶ τὴν ἅλυσιν ἀνελόμενοι εὐθὺ τῆς γεφύρας ἐχώρησαν. ἐπειδή τε τάχιστα ἐς αὐτὴν ἦλθον, ἔργου εἴχοντο, οἵ τε βάρβαροι ἐκ τῶν πύργων ἠμύνοντο καρτερώτατα. [18] ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν χαρακωμάτων ἐξαναστάντες ἐπὶ τὴν γέφυραν δρόμῳ ἐχώρουν. Τότε δὴ Βελισάριος τὰς ἀκάτους, ἐφ̓ ὧν οἱ ό πύργος πεποίηται, ὡς ἀγχοτάτω ἀγαγὼν θατέρου τῶν πολεμίων πύργου, ὃς δὴ ἐπὶ τῆς κατὰ τὸν Πόρτον ὁδοῦ ἐπ̓ αὐτο τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὸ ὕδωρ εἱστήκει, ἐκέλευε τὸν λέμβον ὑφάψαντας ὕπερθεν τῶν πολεμίων τοῦ πύργου ῥίπτειν. [19] καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν κατὰ ταῦτα ἐποίουν. ἐμπεσὼν δὲ τῷ πύργῳ ὁ λέμβος αὐτόν τε αὐτίκα μάλα ἐνέπρησε καὶ ξὺν αὐτῷ Γότθους ἅπαντας, ἐς διακοσίους μάλιστα ὄντας. [20] ἐκαύθη δὲ καὶ Ὅσδας σὺν αὐτοῖς, ὃς αὐτῶν ἦρχε, Γότθων ἁπάντων μαχιμώτατος ὤν. θαρσήσαντες δὲ ἤδη Ῥωμαῖοι τοὺς ἐκ τῶν χαρακωμάτων ἐπιβεβοηθηκότας βαρβάρους ἔτι μᾶλλον ἢ πρότερον ἔβαλλον. [21] οἱ δὲ καταπεπληγμένοι τοῖς ξυμπεσοῦσι στρέψαντες τὰ νῶτα, ὡς ἕκαστός πη ἠδύνατο, ἐς φυγὴν ὥρμηντο: τῆς τε γεφύρας Ῥωμαῖοι ἥπτοντο καὶ αὐτὴν ἔμελλον αὐτίκα μάλα διαφθείραντες πρόσω ἰέναι, ἔς τε Ῥώμην κομίζεσθαι οὐδενὸς ἔτι ἀντιστατοῦντος. [22] ἀλλ̓ ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἦν ταῦτα βουλομένῃ τῇ τύχῃ, τῶν τινος φθονερῶν δαιμόνων μηχανὴ γέγονεν, ἣ τὰ Ῥωμαίων πράγματα ἔφθειρε τρόπῳ τοιῷδε. [23] Ἐν ᾧ τὰ στρατόπεδα τῇδε, ᾗπερ ἐρρήθη, ἐφέρετο, ἐν τούτῳ τις φήμη ἐπὶ πονηρῷ τῷ Ῥωμαίων ἐς Πόρτον ἐλθοῦσα περιήγγελλεν, ὡς νικῴη μὲν Βελισάριος, ἀνέλοιτο δὲ τὴν ἅλυσιν, διαφθείρας τοὺς ταύτῃ βαρβάρους, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα, ἅπερ μοι ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται. [24] Ἰσαάκης δὲ ταῦτα ἀκούσας οὐκέτι οἷός τε ἦν ἐν αὑτῷ μένειν, ἀλλὰ κλέους τοῦδε μεταλαχεῖν ἐν σπουδῇ εἶχε. τάς τε Βελισαρίου ἐντολὰς ἀλογήσας, ὅτι τάχιστα ἐς τὴν ἑτέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ὄχθην ἀπιὼν ᾤχετο. [25] καὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν, οὕσπερ ἐνταῦθα Βελισάριος καταστησάμεν�
�ς ἔτυχεν, ἱππεῖς ἐπαγόμενος ἑκατὸν ἐπὶ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων χαράκωμα ἤλαυνεν, οὗ Ῥουδέριχος ἦρχεν, ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς τὰ πολέμια. [26] ἐπελθών τε ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου τοῖς ἐκείνῃ βαρβάροις ἄλλους τέ τινας καὶ Ῥουδέριχον ὑπαντιάσαντα ἔπληξεν. [27] οἱ δὲ Γότθοι εὐθὺς λιπόντες τὸ στρατόπεδον ὑπεχώρησαν, ἢ πλῆθος πολεμίων ὑποτοπήσαντες ἀμφὶ τὸν Ἰσαάκην ὄπισθεν εἶναι, ἢ τοὺς ἐναντίους ἐξαπατῶντες, ὅπως δὴ αὐτούς, ὅπερ ἐγένετο, ἑλεῖν δύνωνται. [28] Οἱ μὲν οὖν ξὺν τῷ Ἰσαάκῃ εἰσδύσαντες ἐς τὸ τῶν πολεμίων χαράκωμα τόν τε ἄργυρον ὅσπερ ἐνταῦθα ἔκειτο καὶ τὰ ἄλλα χρήματα ἥρπαζον. [29] ἀναστρέψαντες δὲ αὐτίκα οἱ Γότθοι πολλοὺς μὲν κτείνουσι τῶν ἐναντίων, ζῶντα δὲ Ἰσαάκην ξὺν ἑτέροις τισὶν οὐ πολλοῖς εἷλον. ἥκοντές τε ἱππεῖς παρὰ Βελισάριον δρόμῳ ἀγγέλλουσιν ὅτι δὴ ἔχοιτο πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων Ἰσαάκης. [30] Βελισάριος δὲ καταπλαγεὶς οἷς ἠκηκόει καὶ οὐ διερευνησάμενος ὁποίᾳ ποτὲ μηχανῇ Ἰσαάκης ἁλῴη, ἀλλ̓ οἰόμενος τόν τε Πόρτον καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα ἀπολωλέναι καὶ ἅπαντα διεφθάρθαι σφίσι τὰ πράγματα ἄλλο τε οὐδὲν ἀπολελεῖφθαι ὀχύρωμα, ὅποι ἂν καταφυγόντες τὸ λοιπὸν σώζοιντο, ἐς ἀφασίαν ἐμπέπτωκεν οὐ γεγονὸς αὐτῷ πρότερον τοῦτό γε. [31] διὸ δὴ κατὰ τάχος ὀπίσω ὑπῆγε τὸ στράτευμα, ὡς ἐπιθησόμενος μὲν ἀτάκτοις ἔτι τοῖς πολεμίοις οὖσιν, ἀνασωσόμενος δὲ πάσῃ μηχανῇ τὸ χωρίον. Οὕτω μὲν ὁ Ῥωμαίων στρατὸς ἐνθένδε ἄπρακτοι ἀνεχώρησαν. [32] ἐν δὲ τῷ Πόρτῳ γενόμενος Βελισάριος, τήν τε Ἰσαάκου μανίαν ἔγνω καὶ τῆς οὐ δέον οἱ αὐτῷ ξυμβάσης ταραχῆς ᾔσθετο, τῷ τε τῆς τύχης ἐναντιώματι περιώδυνος γεγονὼς ἐνόσει τὸ σῶμα. [33] πυρετὸς γὰρ ἐπιγενόμενος ἐς χρόνου μῆκος ὑπερφυῶς τε αὐτὸν ἠνία καὶ ἐς κίνδυνον θανάτου ἦγεν. [34] ἡμέραιν δὲ δυοῖν ὕστερον Ῥουδερίχῳ τε ξυνέβη τελευτῆσαι τὸν βίον καὶ ὁ Τουτίλας περιαλγήσας τῇ ξυμφορᾷ τὸν Ἰσαάκην διέφθειρε.