Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  Murciara

  Castina

  Genysius

  Percus

  Marmarata

  Listria

  Petroniana

  Carmina

  St. Sabinus’

  And a cistern in the fort of Comê

  Martius

  Pezium

  Onalus

  And from Justinianopolis and Photicê, two forts of St. Donatus

  Symphygium

  Pronathidum

  Hedones

  Castellus

  Bulibas

  Palyrus

  Trana

  Poseidôn

  Colophonia

  In Macedonia:

  Candida

  Colobona

  Basilica Amyntou

  Melichiza

  Pascas

  Aulon

  Bolbus

  Brigizes

  Optas

  Pleurum

  Caminus

  Therma

  Bogas

  Neapolis

  Calarnas

  Museum

  Acremba

  Adrianium

  Edana

  Siclae

  Nymphium

  Metizus

  Argicianum

  Bazinus

  Cassopas

  Parthiôn

  Gentianum

  Priniana

  Thesteum

  Cyrrou

  Gourassôn

  Cumarciana

  Limnederium

  Bourboöden

  Babas

  Cryniana

  Pelecum

  Lagês

  Crataea

  Phasciae

  Placidiana

  Hygea

  Limnaae

  Optium

  Charadrus

  Cassopes

  And these forts were restored in Thessaly:

  Alcôn

  Lossonus

  Geronticê

  Perbyla

  Cercineou

  Scidreûs

  Phracellan

  In Dardania the following were built. New:

  Laberium

  Castimum

  Rhabestum

  Castellium

  Acrenza

  Terias

  Drullus

  Victorias

  And the following were restored:

  Cesiana

  Tezulê

  Usiana

  Besiana

  Mascas

  Listê

  Celliriana

  Zysbaes

  Genzana

  Petrizên

  Eutychiana

  Mulatô

  Belas

  Cattarus

  Cattarecus

  Pentza

  Cattapheterus

  Dabanus

  Cubinus

  Germatza

  Victoriana

  Azeta

  Durbuliana

  Suricum

  Cusines

  Tuttiana

  Ballesiana

  Bella

  Catrelates

  Casyella

  Maniana

  Priscupera

  Miletês

  Dardapara

  Cesuna

  Beriniana

  Lasbarus

  Castellobretara

  Edetziô

  Dinium

  Cecola

  Emastus

  Castelona

  Capomalba

  Seretus

  Ptocheium

  Cuinô

  Berzana

  Besaïana

  Arsa

  Blezô

  Labutza

  Quintou

  Bermezium

  Catrasema

  Rhotun

  Cobenciles

  Marcelliana

  Primoniana

  Pamilinus

  Aria

  Near the city Sardicê:

  Scupium

  Stenes

  Marcipetra

  Briparum

  Romaniana

  Struas

  Protiana

  Maccuniana

  Scopentzana

  And in the district of Cabetzus, Balbae was built new, and the following were restored:

  Byrsia

  Stamazô

  Clesbestita

  Duiana

  Turicla

  Medeca

  Peplabius

  Cunae

  Bineüs

  Trisciana

  Parnusta

  Tzimes

  Bidzô

  Stenecorta

  Danedebae

  Ardeia

  . . . the following new:

  Bugarama

  Betzas

  Bregedaba

  Borbrega

  Turûs

  And the following were restored:

  Salebries

  Arcunes

  Duries

  Buteries

  Barbaries

  Arbatias

  Cutzusura

  Etaeries

  Itaberies

  Bottes

  Bitzimaeas

  Badziania

  Banes

  Bimerus

  Tusudeaas

  Scuanes

  Scentudies

  Scares

  Tugurias

  Bemastes

  Stramentias

  Lignius

  Itadeba

  Near the city Germenne, Scaplizo was built new, and the following were restored:

  Germas

  Candaras

  Rolligeras

  Scinzeries

  Rhiginocastellum

  Suegogmense

  Near the city Pauta:

  Tarporum

  Suabastas

  Cherduscera

  Blebois

  Zeapuries

  In the district of Scassetana:

  Alarum

  Magimias

  Lucunanta

  Balausum

  Buttis

  Near the city . . . the following were built new:

  Calbentia

  Pharanores

  Stranbasta

  Aldanes

  Barachtestes

  Sarmates

  Arsena

  Brarcedum

  Eraria

  Bercadium

  Sabiniribes

  Timiana

  Candilar

  Arsaza

  Biculea

  Castellium

  Groffes

  Garces

  Pistes

  Dusmanes

  Bratzista

  Holodoris

  Cassia

  Grandetum

  Urbriana

  Nogeto

  Gurbicum

  Lautzones

  Duliares

  Mediana

  Tiuncona

  Castellium

  And the following were restored:

  Hercula

  Mutzianicastellum

  Burdopes

  Calis

  Millareca

  Dedbera

  Chesdupara

  In the district of Remisianisia:

  Brittura

  Subaras

  Lamponiana

  Stronges

  Dalmatas

  Primiana

  Phrerraria

  Topera

  Tomes

  Cuas

  Tzertzenutzas

  Stens

  Aeadaba

  Destreba

  Pretzouries

  Cumudeba

  Deurias

  Lutzolo

  Rhepordenes

  Spelonca

  Scumbro

  Briparo

  Tulcoburgo

  Longiana

  Lupophantana

  Dardapara

  Burdomina

  Grinciapana

  Graecus

  Drasimarca

  In the district of Aquenisium, Timathochiôm was built new, and the following were restored:

  Petres

  Sculcoburgo
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  Vindimiola

  Braeola

  Arganocili

  Castellonovo

  Florentiana

  Romyliana

  Septecasae

  Argentares

  Auriliana

  Gembero

  Clemades

  Turribas

  Gribo

  Chalaro

  Tzutrato

  Mutzipara

  Stendas

  Scaripara

  Odriuzo

  Cipipene

  Trasiana

  Potes

  Amulo

  Setlotes

  Timaciolum

  Meridio

  Meriopontede

  Tredetetilious

  Braeola

  Motreses

  Vicanovo

  Quartiana

  Julioballae

  Pontzas

  Zanes

  [5] [5] [1] Οὕτω μὲν σύμπασαν τὴν μεσόγειον Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἐν Ἰλλυριοῖς ἐτειχίσατο. τρόπον δὲ ὅντινα καὶ τὴν ἠϊόνα ποταμοῦ Ἴστρου, ὃν καὶ Δανούβιον ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐρύμασί τε καὶ φυλακτηρίοις στρατιωτῶν ἐκρατύνατο, ἐγὼ δηλώσω.

  [1] Thus did the Emperor Justinian fortify the whole interior of Illyricum. I shall also explain in what manner he fortified the bank of the Ister River, which they also call the Danube, by means of strongholds and garrisons of troops.

  [2] οἱ Ῥωμαίων τὸ παλαιὸν αὐτοκράτορες τοῖς ἐπέκεινα ᾠκημένοις βαρβάροις τὴν τοῦ Δανουβίου διάβασιν ἀναστέλλοντες ὀχυρώμασί τε κατέλαβον τούτου δὴ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὴν ἀκτὴν ξύμπασαν, οὐ δὴ ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ ποταμοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοῦ ἐνιαχῇ ἐπὶ θάτερα πολίσματά τε καὶ φρούρια τῇδε δειμάμενοι.

  [2] The Roman Emperors of former times, by way of preventing the crossing of the Danube by the barbarians who live on the other side, occupied the entire bank of this river with strongholds, and not the right bank of the stream alone, for in some parts of it they built towns and fortresses on its other bank.

  [3] ταῦτα δὲ τὰ ὀχυρώματα ἐξειργάσαντο οὐκ ἀμήχανα προσελθεῖν, ]εἴ τις προσίοι, ἀλλ᾽ ὅσον δὴ μὴ ἀνδρῶν ἔρημον τὴν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἠιόνα λελεῖφθαι· ἐπεὶ τειχομαχεῖν τοῖς ἐκείνῃ βαρβάροις οὐδαμῇ ἔγνωστο.

  [3] However, they did not so build these strongholds that they were impossible to attack, if anyone should come against them, but they only provided that the bank of the river was not left destitute of men, since the barbarians there had no knowledge of storming walls.

  [4] τὰ πολλὰ τῶν ἐρυμάτων αὐτοῖς ἀμέλει ἀπεκέκριτο ἐς πύργον ἕνα, μονοπύργιά τε, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἐπεκαλεῖτο, ἄνθρωποί τε ὀλίγοι κομιδῇ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἵδρυντο.

  [4] In fact the majority of these strongholds consisted only of a single tower, and they were called appropriately “lone towers,” and very few men were stationed in them.

  [5] καὶ τοῦτο τηνικάδε ἀπέχρη τὰ τῶν βαρβάρων δεδίσσεσθαι γένη, ὥστε δὴ ἀναδύεσθαι τὴν ἐς Ῥωμαίους ἐπίθεσιν.

  [5] At that time this alone was quite sufficient to frighten off the barbarian clans, so that they would not undertake to attack the Romans.

  [6] χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Ἀττίλας στρατῷ μεγάλῳ ἐσβεβληκώς, τά τε ὀχυρώματα πόνῳ οὐδενὶ ἐς ἔδαφος καθεῖλε, καὶ γῆν Ῥωμαίων ὑπαντιάζοντός οἱ οὐδενὸς ἐληΐσατο τὴν πολλήν.

  [6] But at a later time Attila invaded with a great army, and with no difficulty razed the fortresses; then, with no one standing against him, he plundered the greater part of the Roman Empire.

  [7] ἀλλ᾽ Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἀνῳκοδομήσατό τε τὰ καθῃρημένα, οὐχ ᾗπερ τὰ πρότερα ἦν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐς τοῦ ὀχυρώματος τὸ καρτερώτατον μάλιστα, καὶ πλεῖστα ἔτι ἐπετεχνήσατο καινουργήσας αὐτός.

  [7] But the Emperor Justinian rebuilt the defences which had been torn down, not simply as they had been before, but so as to give the fortifications the greatest possible strength; and he added many more which he built himself.

  [8] ταύτῃ τε παντάπασιν ἀνεσώσατο ἀπολωλυῖαν ἤδη τὴν ἀσφάλειαν τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῇ. ἅπερ ἅπαντα ὅντινα γεγένηται τρόπον, ἐγὼ δηλώσω.

  [8] In this way he completely restored the safety of the Roman Empire, which by then had been lost. And I shall explain how all this was accomplished.

  [9] Κάτεισι μὲν ἐξ ὀρέων τῶν ἐν Κελτοῖς ποταμὸς Ἴστρος, οἳ τανῦν Γάλλοι ἐπικαλοῦνται· χώραν δὲ περιβάλλει πολλήν, ἐκ μὲν τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον παντελῶς ἔρημον, ἐνιαχῇ δὲ βαρβάρους οἰκήτορας ἔχουσαν, θηριώδη τέ τινα δίαιταν ἔχοντας καὶ ἀνεπίμικτον τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις.

  [9] The River Ister flows down from the mountains in the country of the Celts, who are now called Gauls; and it passes through a great extent of country which for the most part is altogether barren, though in some places it is inhabited by barbarians who live a kind of brutish life and have no dealings with other men.

  [10] Δακίας δὲ ὡς ἀγχοτάτω γενόμενος, ἐνταῦθα διορίζων φαίνεται πρῶτον τούς τε βαρβάρους, οἳ δὴ αὐτοῦ τὰ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερᾷ ἔχουσι, τήν τε Ῥωμαίων γῆν ἐν δεξιᾷ οὖσαν.

  [10] When it gets close to Dacia, for the first time it clearly forms the boundary between the barbarians, who hold its left bank, and the territory of the Romans, which is on the right.

  [11] διὸ δὴ Ῥιπησίαν καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν ]ταύτῃ Δακίαν· ῥῖπα γὰρ ἡ ὄχθη τῇ Λατίνων καλεῖται φωνῇ.

  [11] Consequently the Romans apply the term Ripesia to this part of Dacia, for ripa signifies bank in the Latin tongue.

  [12] πόλιν οὖν παρὰ τὴν ἐκείνῃ ἀκτήν, ὄνομα Σιγγηδόνον, ἐν τοῖς ἄνω χρόνοις ἐδείμαντο πρώτην.

  [12] Accordingly they had made a beginning by building on the bank there in ancient times a city, by name Singidunum.

  [13] ταύτην δὲ βάρβαροι προϊόντος τοῦ χρόνου ἑλόντες ἔς τε τὸ ἔδαφος καθελόντες εὐθύς, ἔρημον ἀνθρώπων παντάπασι κατεστήσαντο.

  [13] This the barbarians captured in time, and they immediately razed it, leaving the place quite destitute of inhabitants.

  [14] τρόπῳ δὲ τῷ αὐτῷ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὀχυρωμάτων κατεστήσαντο τὰ πλεῖστα.

  [14] They did precisely the same thing to most of the other strongholds.

  [15] βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἰουστινιανὸς ἀνανεωσάμενος ξύμπασαν καὶ τειχίσματι ὀχυρωτάτῳ περιβαλών, πόλιν περιφανῆ τε καὶ λόγου πολλοῦ ἀξίαν πεποίηκεν αὖθις.

  [15] But the Emperor Justinian restored the entire city and surrounded it with a very strong fortification, and thus made i
t once more a famous and important city.

  [16] φρούριόν τε ἄλλο διαφερόντως ἐχυρὸν ἀνέστησε νέον, πόλεως Σιγγηδόνου ὀκτὼ μάλιστα σημείοις διέχον, ὅπερ Ὄκταβον λόγῳ τῷ εἰκότι καλοῦσιν.

  [16] And he set up another new fortress of exceptional strength •about eight miles distant from Singidunum, which they call by the appropriate name of Octavus.

  [17] ἐπίπροσθεν δὲ αὐτοῦ πόλις ἦν ἀρχαία τὸ Βιμινάκιον, ἥνπερ ὁ βασιλεὺς (ἐκ θεμελίων γὰρ ἀπωλώλει τῶν ἐσχάτων πολλῷ πρότερον) ἀνοικοδομησάμενος ξύμπασαν ἀπέδειξε νέαν.

  [17] Beyond it was the ancient city of Viminacium, which the Emperor rebuilt entire and made new, for it had long before been ruined down to its uttermost foundations.

  [6] [6] Ἐκ δὲ Βιμινακίου προϊόντι ὀχυρώματα τρία πρὸς τῇ τοῦ Ἴστρου ἠϊόνι ξυμβαίνει εἶναι, Πιγκούς τε καὶ Κούπους καὶ Νοβάς.

  [1] As one goes on from Viminacium there chance to be three strongholds on the bank of the Ister, Pinci and Cupi and Novae.

  [2] οἷς δὴ πρότερον ἥ τε οἰκοδομία μία καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἐπὶ πύργου ἑνὸς ἔκειτο. ἀλλὰ νῦν Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς τά τε οἰκία καὶ τὰ ἐρύματα ἔς τε πλῆθος καὶ μέγεθος ἐν τούτοις δὴ τοῖς χωρίοις ἀνενεγκὼν μέγα, πόλεων αὐτοῖς ἀξιώματα οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰκότος ἐντέθεικε.

  [2] These were formerly both single in construction and when named were single towers. But now the Emperor Justinian has greatly increased the number of the houses and enlarged the defences at these places, and thereby has properly given them the rank of cities.

  [3] Νοβῶν δὲ καταντικρὺ ἐν τῇ ἀντιπέρας ἠπείρω πύργος ἐκ παλαιοῦ ἀπημελημένος ἑστήκει, ὄνομα Λιτερατά· ὅνπερ οἱ πάλαι ἄνθρωποι Λεδέρατα ἐκάλουν.

  [3] And opposite Novae in the mainland on the other side of the river, had stood from ancient times a neglected tower, by name Literata; the men of former times used to call this Lederata.

  [4] ὃν δὴ ]ἐς φρούριον μέγα τε καὶ διαφερόντως ἐχυρώτατον ὁ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς βασιλεὺς μετεστήσατο.

  [4] This the present Emperor transformed into a great fortress of exceptional strength.

  [5] μετὰ Νοβὰς δὲ φρούρια Κανταβαζά τε καὶ Σμόρνης τε καὶ Κάμψης καὶ Τανάτα καὶ Ζέρνης καὶ Δουκεπράτου. ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀντιπέρας ἠπείρω ἄλλα τε πολλὰ φρούρια ἐκ θεμελίων τῶν ἐσχάτων ἐδείματο.

  [5] After Novae are the forts of Cantabaza, Smornês, Campsês, Tanata, Zernês, and Ducepratum. And on the opposite side he built a number of other forts from their lowest foundations.