Meet Me in Venice
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Povoledo, Elisabetta. “Deadly Factory Fire Bares Racial Tensions in Italy.” New York Times, December 8, 2013, A8.
For more about Lampedusa:
“More than 1,100 Migrants Rescued Off Italy in One Day.” BBC News, February 6, 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26064697.
Sunderland, Judith. “Lampedusa, a National Shame for Italy.” Human Rights Watch, December 18, 2013. http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/12/18/dispatches-lampedusa-national-shame-italy.
For more about organized crime in Italy:
Saviano, Roberto. Gomorrah: A Personal Journey into the Violent International Empire of Naples’ Organized Crime System, translated by Virginia Jewiss. London: Picador, 2008.
For more about Cecile Kyenge:
“Italy’s Cecile Kyenge Calls for Action on Rising Racism.” BBC News, January 15, 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25748943.
Kington, Tom. “Italy’s First Black Minister: ‘I had bananas thrown at me but I’m here to stay.’” The Guardian, September 8, 2013. http://gu.com/p/3tt42/tw.
Ma, Suzanne. “The African Woman Changing Immigration in Italy.” Huffington Post, May 8, 2013. http://huff.to/12VkY1t.
For more on the Northern League:
Salucci, Lapo. “Migration and Political Reaction in Italy: The Fortunes of the Northern League.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Conference, Chicago, April 2–5, 2009.
About the Belleville Chinatown riot:
Baïetto, Thomas. “A Belleville, les Chinois critiquent l’inaction de la police” [“In Belleville, the Chinese Criticize Police Inaction”]. Le Monde, June 23, 2010. http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2011/06/22/a-belleville-la-communautechinoise-exprime-son-mecontentement_1539077_3224.html.
“Chinese Protest in Paris Ends in Tear Gas.” China Daily, June 22, 2010. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2010-06/22/content_10000029.htm.
“Les Chinois de Belleville en ont ras le bol de l’insécurité” [“The Chinese of Belleville Are Fed Up with Insecurity”]. France 24, June 21, 2010. http://observers.france24.com/fr/content/20100621-chinois-belleville-veulent-denoncer-insecurite-manifestations-echauffourees-chine-racisme.
Guangjin, Cheng. “Chinese Protest in the Streets of Paris.” China Daily, June 21, 2010. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010-06/21/content_9994654.htm.
For more on the Chinese Labor Corps:
Xu, Guoqi. Strangers on the Western Front: Chinese Workers in the Great War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.
For more about migration and migrant communities:
Guest, Robert. Borderless Economics: Chinese Sea Turtles, Indian Fridges and the New Fruits of Global Capitalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Saunders, Doug. Arrival City: The Final Migration and Our Next World. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2011.
Chapter 5: La Dolce Vita
To read Marco Polo’s Il Milione:
Polo, Marco. The Travels of Marco Polo, The Venetian, translated by William Marsden; edited by Thomas Wright. London: Henry Bohn, 1854, 314–15. https://archive.org/details/travelsmarcopol00marsgoog.
For more on China’s civil society:
Brown, Kerry. Struggling Giant: China in the 21st Century. London: Anthem. 2007.
For more about Chinese tourists in Europe:
Bryan, Victoria, and Clare Kane. “Chinese Overtake Germans as Biggest Spending Tourists.” Reuters, April 4, 2013. http://reut.rs/17fgjg4.
Osnos, Evan. “The Grand Tour: Europe on Fifteen Hundred Yuan a Day.” New Yorker, April 18, 2011. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/04/18/110418fa_fact_osnos?currentPage=all.
“Rapporto Annuale della Fondazione Italia Cina 2013” [“Italy-China Foundation 2013 Annual Report”]. http://issuu.com/fondazione/docs/rapporto_2013_edizione_git?e=1348265/5967938.
Chapter 6: Shifting Tides
For more about undocumented immigrants:
Yun, Gao, ed. Concealed Chains: Labour Exploitation and Chinese Migrants in Europe. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2010.
For more about China and Angola:
“China Pledged $20bn in Credit for Africa at Summit.” BBC News, July 19, 2012. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-18897451.
“Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Angola Sets Up Service Center.” Xinhua, March 11, 2014. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/8561690.html.
Chapter 7: The Farm
For more about migrants in the south of Italy:
Aloisi, Silvia. “Modern Slave Migrants Toil in Italy’s Tomato Fields.” Reuters, September 29, 2009. http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/09/28/us-italy-immigrants-tomatoes-idUSTRE58R1TW20090928.
Wasley, Andrew. “Scandal of the ‘Tomato Slaves’ Harvesting Crop Exported to UK.” The Ecologist, September, 1, 2011. http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/1033179/scandal_of_the_tomato_slaves_harvesting_crop_exported_to_uk.html.
For more about Sikh migrants in Italy:
Gualazzini, Marco. “Parmesan Goes Indian.” Caravan Magazine, May 1, 2012. http://caravanmagazine.in/photo-essay/parmesan-goes-indian#sthash.u8VjX8Fq.dpuf.
Povoledo, Elisabetta. “In Italian Heartland, Indians Keep the Cheese Coming.” International Herald Tribune, September 8, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/08/world/europe/08iht-italy08.html?pagewanted=all.
For more about religion in China:
Lim, Louisa. “New Believers: A Religious Revolution in China.” NPR Series, July 2010. http://www.npr.org/series/128644059/new-believers-a-religious-revolution-in-china.
Chapter 8: A New Year
About the largest annual human migration in the world:
Century, Adam. “Lunar New Year Ushers in Greatest Human Migration.” National Geographic, January 31, 2014. http://on.natgeo.com/1mms3Un.
Acknowledgments
I poured my heart into writing this book. But this book would not be possible without the opening of many hearts and many doors.
I want to first thank all the migrants who shared their stories with me, especially Ye Pei and her family, who invited me into their home and their lives. Pei, thank you for your honesty and trust. Your strength and resolve are an inspiration to me and many others—thank you for allowing me to be a part of your incredible journey. To my agent, Elizabeth Evans, for having faith in a first-time author with big dreams. To Susan McEachern, Carolyn Broadwell-Tkach, Flannery Scott, Alden Perkins, Kimberly Smith, and the team at Rowman & Littlefield: thank you for championing untold stories and independent thinking.
In China, I was especially grateful for the help of Marc’s uncle, Sun Jianzhong, and Marc’s grandmother, Guo Huixing, especially for putting up with my inability to speak Qingtianese. Thanks also to migrant Chen Junwei, Teacher Xu Mengqiu, and Michelle Sun, who gathered research materials, arranged interviews, and showed us around town.
In Europe, Marc’s family was incredibly supportive, especially my in-laws, Tuful Kuo and Qiaomei Sun. Across the continent, we relied on the kindness of so many friends, family, and strangers—apologies if I’ve forgotten any of you. In Holland, special thanks to Jolanda Kuo, Adam Diels, and Carianne van Dorst. Big thanks to Philip Valhaelsmeerch, for enlightening us during a whirlwind day trip around Ypres, and to Leilei Ji and her husband, Xiaogang, for sharing stories with us on their day off. We were delighted to have met Zhu Renlai and Ji Jianfen.
In Spain, thanks to Haohua Sun, Dan Rodríguez García, Carles Brasó, Miguel Armillas, Jianyong Wu and Youliang Wu, Yan Zuhao, Sun Jiane, Chen Deng and Katia Wu, and Carolina Lin Chen. In Italy, I relied heavily on the connections of Chen Kecheng and Sun Qiaojie. Without them, this book would be missing many chapters. I’m also very grateful to have spent quality time with Sun Wenlong and Dino Giovannini in Bologna. Thanks also to Valter Zanin, Agnese Morganti, and Courtney Clinton, who helped a great deal with translations. To Father Giuseppe Tong,
Maria Chiara, Alessandro Centanni, and all the brothers and sisters at La Piccolo Famiglia in Monte Tauro for their hospitality and for renewing my faith in the Church.
My research was funded with the help of a Pulitzer Traveling Fellowship in 2009 from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. Friends, family, and a few strangers also sent generous checks and supported my Kickstarter campaign. Thanks to Melissa Chan, Yam Ki Chan and Tianne Wu, Josh Chia, Jeanie Chin, Danny Chen and the Chatham Towers’ Board of Directors, Dr. Joseph Du and Jeannine Du, Linda and Jon Kanitz, Chen Shen, Eddie and Julia Hui, Guy Chen and Ana Liao, Dean and Jill Lin, Patrick and Thalia Ma, Ann Lin, Desmond Lim, Hoori Chitilian, Gina Huang, Violet and Dirk Narinx, Andrew Ho, June Lee, Jim Scott, Gene and TinhVan Lin, Kevin Fung, Insiyah Saeed, Changhoon Sung, Wendy Li, Shan Hu, Wi Jie Kuo, Gayathri Vaidyanathan, Entzu Anne Lin, Stephanie Wells, Melissa Ng, Syzmon Buhajczuk, and Nicole Breskin. Special thanks to Gerry McCaughey for his generosity. I’m also very grateful for the friendship and support of friends Merhdad Rezaei and Sanaz Vosough Ghanbari, who illustrated the beautiful maps at the beginning of this book.
To my dear proofreaders, Stephanie Wells and Jill Lin, for spending hours upon hours on my manuscript, poring over early drafts, and providing invaluable, detailed feedback. To Ann Lin, for early advice and direction; Nick Chow for reading through it all; and to my dear brother, Patrick Ma, and lovely sis-in-law Thalia, for reading, liking, supporting, and being the best siblings ever. To Leslie T. Chang and Peter Hessler for their advice and for writing great books that inspired me to be an author. To my professors at Columbia, especially Howard French, who taught me about going off the beaten path for a story worth telling. To Jan Wong, who went through the manuscript with a fine-tooth comb and helped smooth out the writing—thank you for being a wonderful mentor and a good friend, and pushing me to fight the good fight!
I am eternally grateful to my amazing parents: Mark and Anita Ma. I have been able to achieve all that I have because of your love, hard work, and sacrifice. Thank you for supporting my work and my dreams, and for giving me a huge head start in life.
Finally, thank you to my loving husband, Marc Kuo, who has been by my side for this long and storied adventure. Thank you for showing me all the wonders in life. I dedicate each and every day to glorious new possibilities with you.
About the Author
The work of award-winning journalist Suzanne Ma has appeared in numerous publications including the Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg Businessweek, the Associated Press, the Huffington Post, and Salon, among others. She has crisscrossed the globe, filing stories from cities across Europe, Canada, China, and the United States, where she was a reporter in New York City for the Associated Press and DNAinfo, a digital news start-up. A graduate of Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism, Suzanne was awarded the Pulitzer Traveling Fellowship, which helped fund her fieldwork in China for Meet Me in Venice. Suzanne and her husband live in Vancouver, Canada.