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One Drop

Page 50

by Bliss Broyard


  Louisiana Locals: The Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Outlook for New Orleans. New Orleans, 1894.

  McPherson, James M. The Negro’s Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and Acted During the War for the Union. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.

  Mailer, Norman. “The White Negro.” Dissent 4 (1957).

  Malcomson, Scott L. One Drop of Blood: The American Misadventure of Race. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000.

  Medley, Keith Weldon. “From Sire to Son—from Chief to Chief.” New Orleans Tribune, January 2000.

  ———. “Mardi Gras Mambo.” New Orleans Tribune, February 1989.

  ———. We as Freemen. Gretna, LA: Pelican, 2003.

  Morning, Ann. “Multiracial Classification of the United States Census: Myth, Reality, and Future Impact.” Paper presented at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Tours, France: July 23, 2005.

  Nelson, William J. Jr. “The Free Negro in the Ante Bellum New Orleans Press.” PhD diss., Duke University, 1977.

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  Ochs, Stephen J. A Black Patriot and a White Priest: André Cailloux and Claude Paschal Maistre in Civil War New Orleans. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.

  Pfeiffer, Kathleen. Race Passing and American Individualism. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003.

  Podhoretz, Norman. Making It. New York: Random House, 1967.

  Quimby, Ernest. “Bedford-Stuyvesant.” In Brooklyn, USA: The Fourth Largest City in America, ed. by Rita Seiden Miller. New York: Brooklyn College Press, 1979.

  Rankin, David C. “The Forgotten People: Free People of Color in New Orleans, 1850–1870.” PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1976.

  ———. “The Origins of Black Leadership in New Orleans During Reconstruction.” Journal of Southern History 40 (1974): 417–70.

  “Reading the Book of Life: White House Remarks on Decoding of Genome.” New York Times, June 27, 2000.

  Reinders, Robert C. End of an Era: New Orleans, 1850–1860. New Orleans: Pelican, 1964.

  Roth, Philip. The Human Stain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

  Roussève, Charles Barthelemy. The Negro in Louisiana. New Orleans: Xavier University Press, 1937.

  Samuels, Daniel Robert. “Remembering North Claiborne: Community and Place in Downtown New Orleans.” Master’s thesis, University of New Orleans, 2000.

  Sartre, Jean-Paul. “Portrait of the Inauthentic Jew.” Commentary, May 1948: 389–97.

  Schafer, Judith Kelleher. Becoming Free, Remaining Free: Manumission and Enslavement in New Orleans, 1846–1862. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 2003.

  Sharfstein, Daniel F. “The Secret History of Race in the United States.” Yale Law Journal 112 (2003): 1473–1509.

  Sollors, Werner. Neither Black nor White and yet Both: Thematic Explorations of Interracial Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

  Texeira, Erin. “New Orleans’ Black Social Networks Hurting.” Associated Press, April 8, 2006.

  Thompson, Shirley Elizabeth. “The Passing of a People: Creoles of Color in Mid-Nineteenth Century New Orleans.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 2001.

  Toledano, Roulhac, and Christovich, Mary Louise. New Orleans Architecture: Faubourg Tremé and the Bayou Road. Gretna, LA: Pelican, 2003.

  Trillin, Calvin. “Black or White.” New Yorker, April 14, 1986, 62–78.

  Tunnell, Ted. Crucible of Reconstruction: War, Radicalism, and Race in Louisiana, 1862–1877. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.

  Turner, Arlin. George W. Cable: A Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966.

  Uzee, Philip Davis. “Republican Politics in Louisiana, 1877–1900.” PhD diss., Louisiana State University, 1950.

  Wade, Nicholas. “The Human Family Tree: 10 Adams and 18 Eves.” New York Times, May 2, 2000.

  Walton, Hanes. Black Republicans: The Politics of the Black and Tans. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1975.

  Warmoth, Henry Clay. War, Politics, and Reconstruction: Stormy Days in Louisiana. New York: Macmillan, 1930.

  Webb, Allie Bayne Windham. “A History of Negro Voting in Louisiana, 1877–1906.” PhD diss., Louisiana State University, 1962.

  Wetzsteon, Ross. Republic of Dreams: Greenwich Village, the American Bohemia, 1910–1960. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.

  Wilder, Craig Steven. A Covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

  Williamson, Joel. New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 1984.

  Woodward, C. Vann. Reunion and Reaction. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.

  Wright, Lawrence. “One Drop of Blood.” New Yorker, July 25, 1994, 46–55.

  Young, Tara. “N.O.’s Murder Rate Down in 2004.” Times-Picayune, January 1, 2005.

  Illustration Credits

  PART ONE

  Page 24: Todd, Anatole, Sandy, and Bliss Broyard. Mary Inabinet. Page 53: Bliss, Todd, and Sandy Broyard. Courtesy of Sandy Broyard. Page 61: Bliss and Anatole Broyard. Sandy Broyard. Page 76: Shirley Broyard Williams. Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 80: Lorraine Broyard. Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 92: Anatole Broyard’s childhood home in New Orleans. Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 121: Los Angeles Broyards at Harold and Belle’s. Collection of author.

  PART TWO

  Page 149: A View of New Orleans from the Opposite Bank of the Mississippi, 1765. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 159: Hoisting American Colors, Louisiana Cession, 1803, Thure de Thulstrup, c. 1903. Collection of the Louisiana Historical Society, courtesy of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 165: The Battle of New Orleans, John Andrews, 1856. Detail showing free black battalions. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 167: Sale of Estates, Pictures, and Slaves in the Rotunda, New Orleans, W. H. Brooke and J. M. Starling, c. 1860. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 172: Fashionable African-American Women, Edouard Marquis, 1867. Detail. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 174: The Negro Gallery, July 15, 1871. Reproduced from Every Saturday. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 183: Tootie Montana, Big Chief, Yellow Pocahontas, 1991. Michael P. Smith. Page 192: Free Blacks from Saint-Domingue, Labrousse, c. 1790. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 220: Assault of the Second Louisiana (Colored) Regiment on the Confederate Works at Port Hudson, May 27th, 1863. From The Soldier in Our Civil War. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 246: The Riot in New Orleans. Harper’s Weekly, August 25, 1866. Collection of the Louisiana State Museum. Page 253: Paul Broyard. Courtesy of Joyce Howard. Page 272: Rosa Cousin. Courtesy of Joyce Howard. Page 289: Bliss Broyard and host at Plantation Revelers Ball. Collection of author. Page 296: Bliss Broyard dressed for Bunch Club Ball. Collection of author. Page 303: Paul Broyard and his two brothers standing, with two laborers seated. Courtesy of Joyce Howard. Page 307: Paul Anatole “Nat” Broyard. Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 308: Nat Broyard and Edna Miller Broyard. Courtesy of Shirley Williams.

  PART THREE

  Page 321: Lorraine, Shirley, and Anatole “Bud” Broyard. Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 338: Anatole “Bud” Broyard. Boys High School Yearbook, 1937. Page 343: Flora Finkelstein reclining on friends from Brooklyn College. Courtesy of Gerald Cross. Page 351: Ethel Broyard. Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 354: Application for social security number. Collection of author. Page 373: Second Lieutenant Anatole Broyard. Collection of author. Page 377: Anatole Broyard (left). Courtesy of Sandy Broyard. Franklin Williams (right). Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 378: First Lieutenant Anatole Broyard. Courtesy of Shirley Williams. Page 383: Sheri Martinelli. Courtesy of Steven Moore. Page 402: Anatole Broyard in Time magazine. Ben Martin for TIME. Pages 408–9: Anatole Broyard’s girlfriends. Collection of author. Page 422: Anatole Broyard and Sandy Nelson cutting their wedding cake. Courtesy of S
andy Broyard. Page 423: Lorraine and Edna Broyard and Sandy Nelson at Anatole and Sandy’s wedding. Courtesy of Sandy Broyard. Page 425: Todd and Bliss Broyard. Sandy Broyard. Page 449: Anatole Broyard. Sandy Broyard. Page 466: Bliss and Anatole Broyard. Sandy Broyard.

  About the Author

  Bliss Broyard is the author of the collection of stories My Father, Dancing, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. Her fiction and essays have been anthologized in Best American Short Stories, The Pushcart Prize Anthology, and The Art of the Essay, and have appeared in Grand Street, Ploughshares, the New York Times, Elle, and elsewhere. She lives in Brooklyn with her husband and daughter.

  * My grandfather’s given name on his own birth certificate was Paul Anatole Broyard. But for most of his life, in both casual and official circumstances, he seems to have used the name Anatole Paul Broyard, as he did here on my father’s birth certificate. I have called him Paul Anatole or by his nickname, Nat, throughout this narrative.

 

 

 


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