The Gun
Page 61
Soviet occupation of, 159, 214
Soviet Union invaded by, 4, 146, 155–57, 159, 164–65, 168–69, 176–80, 182, 185, 199, 209, 238, 343, 358
submachine guns used by, 169, 179
tanks of, 176–79
weapons stockpiling and, 344, 355
in World War II, 1, 4, 143–44, 146–47, 149, 152–53, 155–57, 159, 163–66, 168–69, 174–80, 182, 185, 199, 209, 214, 238, 253–54, 280, 343–44, 355, 358
Germany, Weimar Republic of, 246
Gettysburg, Battle of, 34
Givvin, Thomas R., 311, 440n, 441n, 442n
Godfrey, Edward S., 41
Gold Coast, 47–48, 54, 56
Gorbachev, Mikhail S., 365
Gordon, Charles, 78, 81, 97
Gorloff, Alexander Pavlovich, 40–42, 48–49
Goryunov gun, 185
Grant, Ulysses S., 52, 57–58
Great Britain, 12n, 30, 73–87, 95, 97–106, 109, 112–13, 364n, 400, 404n
ammunition and, 161, 255–56
Ashanti war and, 47–48, 54, 56
and battle at Abu Klea, 78–81
bayonet training in, 124–27
in fighting at Omdurman, 97–102, 124, 129–30, 255
Gardner guns used by, 79–81, 83
and Gatling gun marketing and sales, 40, 54–58, 62, 67, 149
Gatling guns used, 46–48, 54, 56, 62–65, 78, 124
Gatling gun tests and demonstrations in, 46–48, 66, 76, 83
Lewis guns used by, 126–29, 131
machine-gun units of, 126–27, 131, 137
in Matabele War, 86–87
Maxim gun design and, 82
Maxim gun marketing and sales in, 83–84
Maxim gun production in, 89
Maxim guns used by, 85–87, 97–102, 105–6, 112, 119–20, 124
Maxim gun tests and demonstrations in, 76, 83–84
Maxim’s life in, 68, 73–78, 83, 89, 135, 369
mitrailleurs and, 43–44, 46
on morality of machine guns, 103, 105
Puckle’s rapid-fire flintlock and, 27–28
Russo-Japanese War and, 116
and siege of Khartoum, 78
and skepticism about machine guns, 53–54, 62, 112
submachine guns used by, 258, 355
Vickers guns used by, 126–31
weapons profiteering and, 32–33
weapons stockpiling and, 355
in World War I, 118–36, 255
Yonnie insurgency and, 84–85
in Zulu War, 62–65, 87
Great Depression, 236
Great Lakes Naval Hospital, 314
Great Terror, 222, 348
Grechko, Andrei A., 201
Greeley, Horace, 32
Greene, Wallace M., Jr.:
Chervenak’s letter and, 327
M-16 and, 320, 327, 329
on Stoner 63, 292
Grey Goose, 404n
Griesmer, Bruce E., 266
guerrillas, 9–10, 137, 349–50, 370, 387–89
AK and AK-type rifles used by, 5, 7, 9, 265–66, 268, 270, 350, 361, 363–64, 377–80, 387, 410
in El Salvador, 363–64
in Hungarian revolution, 219, 266
in Iraq, 388–89, 393, 396–97
in Soviet-Afghan War, 10
and terrorist attacks on Israel, 349
training of, 300, 380, 396
in Uganda, 356, 373–80
in Vietnam, 9, 264–66, 270, 282–83, 295n, 324, 440n
gunpowder, smokeless, 74, 92, 122, 135
GUNS magazine, 257
Gutfreund, Yossef, 350–51
G. W. Armstrong Company, 54
H
Hackett, David S., 266
Haldane, A., 116
Halil Pasha, 42
Hall, James B., 295–96, 301–3, 331
Hallock, Richard R., 281–82, 288, 303–6, 324–25
Hama-Raheem, Ramazan, 392–93, 396–97
Hamas, 11, 384
Harvard University, 271
Heckler & Koch, 384n
Henry Rifled Barrel Company, 76–77
Hezbollah flag, 15, 384
Hill Fights, 310–14, 319, 322
Hiroshima, 144
Hitch, Charles J., 280, 289, 292
Hitler, Adolf, 4, 146, 153, 156, 161, 163–64, 166, 174–75, 185, 338, 355
Hogg, Ian V., 76
Holy Spirit Mobile Forces, 374–75
Hotchkiss gun, 51, 53, 55, 91, 109
in Russo-Japanese War, 114, 116–17
Howard, Oliver O., 61–62
Hoxha, Enver, 343
Human Rights Watch, 14
Hungarian State Security Police (ÁVH), 222, 227, 239–40
Hungary, 214–15, 371, 382–83, 399
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12, 16, 215, 245, 266, 382, 412
casualties in, 227, 239–42
early use of AK-47s in, 219–20, 223–27, 237, 239–41
free elections in, 365
popular revolution in, 9, 218–27, 237–42, 346, 348, 383
Rákóczi Square murder and, 227, 240–41
reprisals against revolutionaries in, 239–42
Soviet invasions and occupations of, 218, 221–22, 224, 226, 237–41, 243, 348, 407, 436n
in World War II, 238
Yugoslav embassy in, 226, 238–39
Hunt, Henry J., 60–61
Hussein, Saddam, 11, 382–83, 388, 398
Hutier, Oskar von, 139
Ichord, Richard H., 310, 315–16, 323, 325–27, 334, 442n
Indianapolis Sentinel, 92
Indians, India, 85, 93, 285–86, 289, 364n
and AK-47 production and distribution, 12, 248, 250
in battle of Tanga, 119–21
Indian wars, 39
Custer in, 58–64
Gatling guns in, 60–62, 64, 90, 93, 425n
Nez Percé in, 61–62
I
Indonesia, 251, 258, 437n
Industrial Revolution, 6, 33, 77
Infantry Journal, 132
Ingush terrorists, 340, 385
Iran, 216, 396
and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12, 361, 390–91
Iran-Iraq War, 396
Iraq, 216, 340, 411–12, 413n
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 11–12, 16, 248, 361, 391, 411, 444n
assassination attempt in, 388–95
Kurds of, 388–90, 393–98
Marines in, 409
purchase price of AK rifles in, 381–83
wars in, 11, 14, 21, 35, 368n, 383–84, 386, 388, 396–97
Irish Republican Army, 235
Ishaq, Muhammad, 99
Islamic Jihad, 10
Israelis, Israel, 369, 384, 443n–44n
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12, 340n, 341, 349
Egyptian peace treaty with, 358
Egyptian wars with, 12, 216, 341, 355, 358
terrorist attacks on, 339, 340n, 349–52, 358, 443n
Italy, 81–83
Minin in, 369–70, 411
Ito, Kanemitsu, 328–33
Izhevsk Machine, Engineering, and Motor Plant Complex, 3–4, 207–10, 402–4
AK-47 tests at, 204–5
AK and AK-type rifles manufactured at, 4, 204–5, 207–8, 210, 217, 242, 345, 399, 402, 409, 412, 433n
Brezhnev’s visit to, 344–45
gun works at, 3, 158, 205, 344–45, 398–400, 402, 407
Kalashnikov and, 182n, 205, 209–10, 243–45, 344–45, 398–400, 403–4, 406–7, 436n, 445n
in PK design and development, 243
Schmeisser and, 207–8, 433n
J
Jackson, Captain, 62
Jackson, Samuel L., 15
Japan, 56, 134, 327
and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 340n
Hotchkiss guns used by, 114, 116–17
rifle cartridges of, 166–67
weapons stockpi
ling and, 355
in World War II, 264
see also Russo-Japanese War
Joffre, Joseph, 132
Johns Hopkins University, 255
Johnson, Harold K., 292, 295–96, 306, 324
Johnson, Lyndon B., 294, 296
Jordan, 349, 355
Joseph, Chief of the Nez Percé, 61–62
K
Kádár, János, 238–39
Kalashnikov, Andrei, 185
Kalashnikov, Ivan, 170, 185
Kalashnikov, Mikhail Timofeyevich, 10–11, 143–55, 170–97, 204–13, 228, 398–408
adolescence of, 174
AK-47’s illicit uses and, 407–8
and AK-47’s tests and demonstrations, 187–88, 199, 205
and AK and AK-type rifle design and development, 4, 7–8, 16, 19, 144–55, 160, 185–86, 199–200, 345, 353, 403, 406–8
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 204, 207, 358–59, 406–8
arms design interests of, 180–85
arrest of, 181–82
atomic bomb and, 144
awards and honors of, 148, 175, 185, 188, 209–11, 242–43, 353, 400–403, 406–7
bronze bust of, 353–54, 401
business ventures of, 404
car owned by, 209–10, 212
childhood of, 146, 170–74, 177
Communist Party and, 4, 146–47, 174–76, 181–82, 185, 191, 210–11, 213, 244–45
education of, 171–72, 174, 182–83
exile of, 146, 148, 172–74, 177, 209–10, 212, 354, 405
experience with tanks of, 4, 174–78, 184, 210, 224
fame and popularity of, 192, 202, 204, 206, 209–10, 211n, 242–45, 400–401, 403, 406–7
and family of arms built around AK-47, 243–44
father’s death and, 173–74, 210
finances of, 147–48, 209–10, 212, 400, 404
injuries of, 144, 146, 151, 177–81, 185, 210
Izhevsk and, 182n, 205, 209–10, 243–45, 344–45, 398–400, 403–4, 406–7, 436n, 445n
legacy of, 405
memoirs of, 143, 151–52, 173, 179–81, 182n, 183, 194–95, 206, 211n, 408
military career of, 4, 147, 174–85, 188, 191, 206, 209–10, 224, 359, 400, 403, 406
at NIPSMVO, 143–48, 183–87
NIPSMVO’s closure and, 345–46
official biography of, 7, 150, 176–83, 190, 195, 210–11, 405
physical appearance of, 174, 193, 405
pride of, 184, 406–7
promotions of, 148, 359, 400, 403, 406
public duties of, 401–3
secrecy and, 211, 401–2
social persecution of, 244–45, 403
Soviet agricultural policy and, 171–72
sporting rifles designed by, 399
on Stalin, 212–13, 405
submachine gun designs of, 181–84
Supreme Soviet membership of, 148, 211–12
traveling of, 400, 403, 444n
on U.S., 405–6, 444n
Ustinov’s relationship with, 358–59
in World War II, 144, 146–47, 149, 151, 176–78, 180, 183, 185, 209, 224, 226
Kalashnikov, Nikolai, 170
Kalashnikov, Timofey A., 146, 170, 173–74, 176, 185, 206, 210
Kalashnikov, Viktor Mikhailovich, 181, 186
Kalashnikov, Viktor Timofeyevich, 172–73, 176, 185
Kalashnikova, Alexandra Frolovna, 170, 172–74, 176–77
Kalashnikova, Gasha, 172–73, 181, 185
Kalashnikova, Nelly, 210n
Kalashnikova, Nyura, 172–73, 181
Kalashnikova, Yekaterina Viktorovna “Katya,” 145, 147–48, 186–87, 210
Kanel, Boris L., 145
Karamojong tribe, 357
Karim, Balan Faraj, 393–95, 397
Kennedy, John F., 271
AR-15 and, 281, 284–85
Vietnam and, 281
Kennedy, Robert F., 323, 442n
KGB, 13, 150, 237, 249, 385, 407
Khadir, Amanj, 393–94
Khadir, Qais Ibrahim, 393–97
Khan, Ashrat, 10–11
Khan, Mohammad Daoud, 361
Kharkov, Valery, 208
Khartoum, 97, 102, 377
siege of, 78, 81
Khe Sanh, fighting near, 310, 335
Khiva, Russian advance on, 48–49, 57, 61
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 193, 344–46, 403
and AK-47 production and distribution, 202–3, 216–17
foreign policy of, 213–17, 221–23, 237, 265
NIPSMVO’s closure and, 345–46
retirement of, 265
Stalin denounced by, 244–45
Khuyen, Dong Van, 332
Khzar, Shwan, 393
Kimball, William W., 110–11
Kipling, Rudyard, 103–4
Kitchener, Lord Herbert, 102–3
on machine-gun shortages, 129–30
at Omdurman, 97, 100, 102, 124, 129–30
in World War I, 118, 129–31, 134
Komsomol, 174, 181, 185
Konstantinov, Aleksandr, 436n
Kony, Joseph, 372–80
comparisons between Auma and, 375–77, 379
spirits contacted by, 376–77
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (North Korea), 16–17
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12–13, 16, 217, 342, 364, 409, 435n
Korean War, 216, 264, 329, 406
Kosovo, 367–68
Krinkov (AKSU-74), 383
Krupp’s breech-loading artillery, 45
Kuchbarov, Ruslan, 385
Kulbeik, Helmut, 346–47
Kurbatkin, Pavel S., 183
Kurchatov, Igor V., 1–3
Kurds, 13, 220, 388–90, 393–98
Kurz rounds, 161–63, 165–67, 198, 255
L
Labouchère, Henry, 104
Laffargue, André, 131–32
La Garde, Louis A., 117, 255, 426n
ammunition experiments of, 229–33, 252, 284–85, 287, 435n, 439n
Lashkar-e-Taiba, 340, 384
Lebanon, 13, 349, 384
Lee, Arthur, 130
Lee, Robert E., 39
Lee-Enfield rifles, 12n, 122, 133, 355
LeMay, Curtis, 275, 279–80
Lend-Lease, 344
Lenin, Vladimir I., 160, 170–71, 205, 213, 264, 348–49, 360
Lewis gun, 126–29, 131, 138
Liberia, 370–71
Libya, 339, 349–50, 355–56
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 350, 387
weapons stockpiling and, 355
Life, 225, 240, 341n
Lincoln, Abraham, 39–40
Civil War draft protests and, 31–32
and Gatling gun promotion and sales, 25, 34, 35, 37, 40
Union Repeating Gun demonstrated for, 35–37
Lior, Yaacov, 12, 444n
Litvinoff, Captain, 49–50, 57
Liu Shaoqi, 216
Liu Zhengdong, 434n
Lloyd George, David, 129–31
Lobengula, King of the Ndebele, 86
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 274
London Broad Arrow, 92
London Journal, 44
London Times, 113–14
Loos, fighting at, 130
Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), 372–80
AK-47s used by, 377–79, 387
child soldiers in, 337, 372–73, 376–79
origins of, 373–74
rules of, 376–77
spirits of, 376–77
violence of, 373
Louis-Philippe, King of France, 27
Love, John:
in Gatling gun promotion and sales, 37, 52–54, 57, 421n
Gatling gun tests and, 50, 53
Lowell gun, 91
Ludwig Loewe and Co., 119
Lyuty, Vasily Fyodorovich, 191–92
M
M1 Garand, 206, 253–54, 258, 271n
stockpiling of, 355
in Vietnam, 332
in World War II, 199, 253, 295
M-4, 20, 384–86, 409
Georgia’s use of, 285–86
in present, 415
production of, 417n
purchase prices of, 386
M-14, 271n, 272–74, 276–77, 306, 317–19, 439n
accuracy of, 290
AK-47 vs. 273–74, 360
ammunition of, 256, 273, 276, 288
design and development of, 300n
protypes of, 276
reliability of, 290
testing of, 273–74, 283–90, 293, 360, 444n
Vietnam and, 270, 272, 295, 303, 310, 314, 317, 319, 324–25
M-16, 267–71, 404
accuracy of, 290, 297, 309
ammunition of, 20, 269, 271, 294, 297–99, 301–2, 304, 307, 310–11, 316–17, 322, 324–27, 334, 353, 415, 444n
ball powder of, 293–94, 297, 301, 303, 316, 326
Chervenak’s letter and, 321–24, 327–28, 442n
Colt and, 292, 295–97, 299–303, 307, 310, 312, 315, 323–32, 353, 385n, 416, 441n
Congress and, 296, 304, 310, 314–16, 321, 323, 325–27, 331, 334, 356, 442n
correcting flaws in, 316, 326n, 329–32, 335, 444n
cover-ups on, 269, 305–7, 321–22, 324–25
design and development of, 292, 294–95, 298–99, 300n, 306, 309–10, 326, 329, 360, 415
durability of, 298–99
Kalashnikov on, 444n
malfunctioning of, 263, 267–69, 293–95, 297–335, 356, 415, 441n, 442n
Palestinians’ use of, 384
in present, 415–16
production and distribution of, 12, 292, 294–300, 303–6, 308–10, 316, 326, 331–32, 353, 409, 415–16, 417n
propaganda on, 320–21
prototypes of, 316, 331–32
purchase prices of, 386
reliability of, 290, 298, 309, 313, 325, 326n, 415
reputation of, 299, 315, 331
rust and corrosion of, 299–303, 306–7, 310, 326, 328, 330, 333
stockpiling of, 355
testing of, 281–83, 288–89, 293–94, 297, 301, 303, 306, 315, 322–24, 326, 332, 334, 360
in Vietnam, 263–64, 267–69, 271, 294, 296–308, 310–35, 353, 356, 415, 441n, 443n–44n
weight and size of, 300n, 309–10, 322
see also AR-15
M16 Controversies, The (McNaugher), 326n
M35 rounds, 162–63, 166
M-60, 266–68
M70, 16
M249 SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon), 378n, 442n
M1903, 252–53, 271n
M1943 rounds, 161, 166–67, 184, 199, 205, 249, 257, 378n, 433n
and AK and AK-type rifle design and development, 185, 192
illegal transfers of, 369
production and distribution of, 217, 349
MacArthur, Douglas, 170, 253
MacDonald, Robert W., 277–81, 283
machine guns, machine gunners, 21, 25, 115–22, 134–38, 363n, 419n
ammunition of, 27, 65, 68, 110–11, 136–37, 227