254 “Like me you will be steeped”: To Clara Westhoff, November 19, 1917.
254 “return from the preoccupations”: Sylvia Beach, “A Musee Rodin in Paris.” The International Studio, volume 62, 1917, xlii–xliv.
CHAPTER NINETEEN
255 “I have behind me so many”: To Helene von Nostitz, January 27, 1914.
255 “hand plate”: Patricia Pollock Brodsky, Rainer Maria Rilke. Boston: Twayne, 1988, 35.
257 “extreme pedantry”: Nicholas Fox Weber, Balthus: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1999, 41.
258 “Does anyone know” . . . “Cats are just”: Balthus, Mitsou: Quarante Images. Preface by Rainer Maria Rilke. Translated by Richard Miller. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1984, 9.
258 “astounding and almost”: Sabine Rewald, Balthus. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1984, 13.
258 “Madame” . . . “full of praise”: Nicholas Fox Weber, Balthus: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1999, 19.
258 “a wonderful man—” . . . “an entirely parallel”: Nicholas Fox Weber, Balthus: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1999, 42.
259 “storm of spirit”: Quoted in Donald A. Prater, A Ringing Glass: The Life of Rainer Maria Rilke. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1986, 347.
259 “I have a great desire”: Rainer Maria Rilke, Briefe, 1914 bis 1926. Insel-Verlag, 1950, 509. [From the French: “J’ai grande envie de ne rien affirmer. Si vous vous imaginiez qu’un mauvais sorcier m’a changé en tortue, vous seriez tout prés de la réalité: je porte une forte et solide carapace d’une indifference à toute épreuve . . .”]
259 “But we are human beings”: Quoted in Donald A. Prater, A Ringing Glass: The Life of Rainer Maria Rilke. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1986, 320.
259 “He’s beginning to have” . . . “René, he’ll be”: Nicholas Fox Weber, Balthus: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1999, 102.
260 “the same haughty”: Nicholas Fox Weber, Balthus: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1999, 51.
260 “H.M. The King of Cats”: Sabine Rewald, Balthus. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1984, 62.
260 “She was in a window” . . . “to live seemed”: Rainer Maria Rilke, The Roses and the Windows. Translated by A. Poulin, Jr. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 1979, 95.
261 “. . . O, wanting to”: Quoted in Ritchie Robertson, “From Naturalism to National Socialism.” In The Cambridge History of German Literature. Edited by Helen Watanabe-O’Kelly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, 351.
262 “frontier of consciousness”: J. F. Hendry, The Sacred Threshold: A Life of Rainer Maria Rilke. Manchester, UK: Carcanet New Press, 1983, 149.
262 “tender and open”: William H. Gass, Reading Rilke: Reflections on the Problems of Translation. New York: Knopf, 1999, 187.
262 “Come, you last” . . . “Don’t mix”: Rainer Maria Rilke, Uncollected Poems. Translated by Edward Snow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996, 251.
263 “Your part of this”: Rainer Maria Rilke, Balthus, Rilke-Balthus: Lettres à un Jeune Peintre Suivi de Mitsou Quarante Images par Balthus. Paris: Somogy Èditions d’Art, 1998, 27. [From the French: Votre part à cette oeuvre était toute travail et douleur; la mienne sera mince et elle ne sera que plaisir.]
IMAGE CREDITS
Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book.
11 Adoc-photos / Art Resource, NY
16 Swiss National Library / NL, Swiss Literary Archives / SLA, Bern
25 Photo by Jules Bonnet, Lucerne
39 Rodin Museum, Bequest of Jules E. Mastbaum
52 Edward Steichen, from Camera Work #34/35, 1911
57 Paula Becker and Clara Westhoff in Becker’s studio, c. 1899, Photo: unknown. Paula-Modersohn-Becker-Stiftung, Bremen
60 Photoprint by William H. Rau
70 Rilke Archiv
73 Rilke Archiv
80 Rilke Archiv
82 Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University; Gift of Albert E. Elsen
133 Rodin, Rose et Rilke dans le jardin de Meudon, en compagnie de deux chiens; Ph.16497 by Albert Harlingue, Epreuve gélatinoargentique, 12.8x17.9 cm, Musée Rodin, Paris
143 George Eastman Museum, a digital positive from an original negative by Alvin Langdon Coburn
147 Arnold Genthe Collection, Library of Congress
150 © Ministère de la culture - Médiathèque du Patrimoine / [Henri Manuel] / dist. RMN
157 Paula Modersohn-Becker, Portrait of Rainer Maria Rilke, May/June 1906 Private collection; Photo: Paula-Modersohn-Becker-Stiftung, Bremen
173 Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Estampes et photographie
243 Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Estampes et photographie
249 Collier’s New Photographic History of the World’s War (1919)
253 Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Estampes et photographie
257 Rilke Archiv
261 Rilke Archiv
INDEX
Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
abstract art, 23, 163–69
Abstraction and Empathy: A Psychology of Style (Worringer), 23, 163–66
Aesop, 153
aesthetics, 21, 24, 100
Africa, Rilke and, 220–21
Afternoon of a Faun (Debussy and Nijinsky), 225
Age of Bronze, The (Rodin), 37, 210
Age of Maturity, The (Claudel), 47
Albert-Lasard, Loulou, 251
“Alcestis” (Rilke), 210
Anarchists, 227
Andreas, Carl, 26, 28
Andreas-Salomé, Lou, 24–31
Freud and, 117, 233–35
Nietzsche and, 24–25, 25
Rilke and, 24, 26–31, 64, 69, 114–18, 122, 123, 126, 129, 137, 156, 160–61, 165, 200–201, 204, 216, 220, 221, 237–39, 240, 247, 248
Westhoff and, 69, 123–24, 137, 160–61, 200–201
“Angel with the Sundial, The” (Rilke), 158
anti-Semitism, 53, 235
Apollinaire, Guillaume, 196
Apollo, 209–11, 243, 254
Apollonios, 40
Arabian Nights, The, 220
“Archaic Torso of Apollo, The” (Rilke), 209–11
art:
abstractionism and, 23, 163–69
act of looking and, 22
empathy and, ix, 21–24, 100, 102, 117, 164
Art, L’, 37
Artistic Life, The (Geffroy), 98
Auguste Rodin (Rilke monograph), 74–76, 92, 95–97, 98, 104, 106, 107, 113–14, 115, 125, 154–55, 185, 210, 240, 256
Aurore, L’, 53
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 17, 28, 248, 255
Bacchante (Rodin), 35
Baedeker, Karl, 86
Bagatelle Palace, 176
Ballet Russes, 218, 225
Balthus (Balthasar Klossowski), 257–58, 257, 259–60, 263
Balzac, Honoré de, 5, 45
Rodin’s monument to, 51–54, 52, 61, 141, 192, 201
Banat Daily, 212
Banville, John, 102
Barye, Antoine-Louis, 13–14, 98–99, 101
Baudelaire, Charles, 4, 5, 33, 40, 45, 80, 93, 95, 96, 174, 176, 182–83, 196, 216
Beach, Sylvia, 213, 254
Beauvais, France, 3–4, 5, 55, 134, 243
Becker, Paula, 56–57, 57, 62, 64–67, 111, 124–26, 176, 177–78
daughter’s birth and, 187
death of, 188, 189, 193, 197–98, 206
Modersohn’s engagement to, 67, 70
Paris and, 56–57, 59, 62, 105–7, 155–59, 177
Rilke’s portrait by, 157–58, 157
Rilke’s Worpswede monograph and, 118–19
Rodin and, 106–7
Westhoff’s distancing from, 68–69, 71–72
Worpswede and, 56, 57, 64–67, 71–72, 105, 12
5–26, 155, 187–88
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 192
Beethoven Frieze (Klimt), 74
Belgium, 250
Belgrade News, 212
Benedict XV, Pope, 250, 252
Benjamin, Walter, 60
Berlin, Germany, 28, 29, 31, 122, 124, 159, 160, 217, 259
Bernhardt, Sarah, 175
Besnard, Paul-Albert, 51
Betz, Maurice, 109
Beuret, Auguste-Eugène, 35–36, 153–54, 248, 249, 252, 253
Beuret, Rose, 37, 38, 153, 229, 230, 246
birth of son and, 35–36
Choiseul and, 227–28
death of, 252
marriage of, 252
Rilke and, 84, 85–86, 88, 132–34, 133, 162
Rodin’s affair with Claudel and, 44, 45–46
Rodin’s first meeting with, 34–35
tomb of, 253
World War I and, 249, 250
Bibi (Rodin model), 32–34
Bible, 155, 203
Bibliothèque Nationale, 7, 93, 121
binaries, 23
Biskra, Tunisia, 220
Blaue Reiter, Der (Blue Rider group), 166
Bloch, Jeanne, 175
“Blue Hydrangea” (Rilke), 181
Bonheur, Rosa, 13
Bonnard, Pierre, 182, 258
Book of Hours, The (Rilke), 30, 70, 87–88, 114, 123, 136–37, 186, 256
Book of Pictures (Rilke), 137
Botticelli, Sandro, 24
Boucher, Alfred, 42
Bouguereau, William-Adolphe, 6, 179
Bourdelle, Antoine, 55
Brancusi, Constantin, 24, 168
Brandes, Georg, 171
Braque, Georges, 166, 180
Brigge, Malte Laurids (char.), 102, 118, 183, 201–2, 206, 211, 215–17, 220, 239
Burghers of Calais, The (Rodin), viii, 8, 43–44, 249
Byzantine Empire, 165
Calmette, Gaston, 225, 226
Cambodian Royal Ballet, 184
“Carcass, A” (Baudelaire), 182–83
Carpeaux, Jean Baptiste, 33
Carrièr, Eugène, 113, 129, 138
Carrier-Belleuse, Albert-Ernest, 35, 38, 87
Cathedral, The (Rodin), 167
Cathédral Saint-Pierre, 3–4
Cathedrals of France (Rodin), 243–45
Cézanne, Paul, 33, 44–45, 53, 57, 166, 169, 179–83, 187
Baudelaire and, 182–83
Chanel, Gabrielle Bonheur “Coco,” 225
Charcot, Jean-Martin, 49–51, 116, 138
Charcot Museum, 50
Chartres cathedral, 134–35, 158, 184, 243
Château d’Issy, 127
Chat Noir cabaret, 56
Chekhov, Anton, 64
Choiseul, Charles-August, Duc de, 149, 228
Choiseul, Claire Coudert, Duchesse de, 148–50, 150, 169–71, 194–95, 196, 213, 226, 227–29
Cladel, Judith, 224, 249
Claretie, Jules, 49
Claudel, Camille, 42–44, 45–48, 51, 61, 84, 148, 149, 228
Claudel, Paul, 47, 48
Clemenceau, Georges, 44
Club des Haschischins, 174
Coburn, Alvin Langdon, 142
Cocteau, Jean:
drug use and, 196, 197, 218
Duncan and, 147
Hôtel Biron and, 174–75, 194, 196–97, 198, 214
Rodin’s art style and, 92
Colarossi Academy, 55
Concordia literary club, 185
Connoisseur, 169
Coquiot, Gustave, 174
Counterfeiters, The (Gide), 259
Courbet, Gustave, 61, 172
Cri de Paris, Le, 229
Cubism, 163, 172, 180, 199
Cunard, Nancy, 54
Czech language, 17
Czechoslovakia, 255
Dante Alighieri, 38, 40, 42, 51, 95, 204–5
Darwin, Charles, 24, 53
David (Michelangelo), 123
“Death of a Poet, The” (Rilke), 262
Debussy, Claude, 126, 224, 225
defense mechanisms, 236
Degas, Edgar, 53
Déjeuner sur l’herbe, Le (Manet), 33, 176
Delacroix, Eugène, 13, 42, 61
Demoiselles d’Avignon, Les (Picasso), 166–67
“Departure of the Prodigal Son, The” (Rilke), 159
Derain, André, 179
Desbois, Jules, 55
Descartes, René, 117
Diaghilev, Sergei, 64, 218, 225, 226
Diriks, Edvard, 178
Divine Comedy (Dante), 38, 40, 205
Dôme café, 56
Dongen, Kees van, 80
Doolittle, Eliza (char.), 140
doppelgängers, 216
Dreyfus, Alfred, 53, 54
Duino Castle (Trieste, Italy), 204–5, 217, 223, 224, 236–39, 254
Duino Elegies (Rilke), 236, 238, 239, 251, 258
Dujardin-Beaumetz, Henri, 141
Duncan, Isadora, 61, 147–48, 147, 175, 194, 196
Dupuytren museum, 12
Dürer, Albrecht, 218
Düsseldorf Art Academy, 63
Echo and Narcissus (Poussin), 260
École Impériale Spéciale de Dessin et de Mathématiques (Petite École), 6, 8, 9, 12
Egypt, 161–62, 165, 177, 220
Eiffel Tower, 60, 60
einfühlung (feeling into), 22, 117, 164
einsehen (inseeing), 99–100, 218
Eliot, T. S., 102
Elsen, Albert, 167
empathy, art and, ix, 21–24, 100, 102, 117, 164
Enfants Terribles, Les (Cocteau), 174
England, Rodin and, 54–55
Erdmann-Macke, Elizabeth, 166
Ernst, Paul, 165
eugenics movement, 154
Existentialism, 219
Exposition Universelle (Paris World’s Fair) (1900), 58–62, 60, 63, 86, 128, 153
Expressionist movement, 163, 165–66
Falguière, Alexandre, 38
Family of Saltimbanques (Picasso), 251
Faure, Élie, 136
fauvists, 179
Fiedler, Fyodor, 28
Figaro, Le, 225
Fleurs du Mal, Les (Baudelaire), 4, 40, 176, 183
Florence, Italy, 36
Fourquet, Léon, 9
France, Anatole, 224
France, World War I and, 248–50, 249
Francesca, 40
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 247
French, Daniel Chester, 170–71
French Revolution, 4, 136
French Symbolists, 93
Freud, Anna, 234, 235
Freud, Ernst, 235, 237
Freud, Sigmund, 23, 59, 145
Andreas-Salomé and, 117, 233–35
Charcot and, 50
Rilke and, 233, 234–36, 237
Friends of the Louvre, 214
Fry, Roger, 151
Fuller, Loie, 194
Futurism, 163
Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, 176, 183–84
Gates of Hell (Rodin), 38–42, 39, 43, 51, 61, 87, 113
Gates of Paradise (Ghiberti), 38
Gauguin, Paul, 191
Gebsattel, Viktor Emil von, 221
Geffroy, Gustave, 14, 44, 98
German Empire, World War I and, 248, 249–50
German Romanticism, 216
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 38
Gide, André, 202–3, 214
North Africa and, 220
Rilke and, 218–19, 259
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 18
Gogh, Vincent Van, 176, 191
Goncourt, Edmond de, 14, 42
Gonne, Maud, 145
Gothic architecture, 3–4, 36, 41, 93, 119, 134–35, 195, 242–45
Göttingen, Germany, 115, 123, 124, 247
Goya, Francisco, 126
Grande École des Beaux-Arts, 6, 8, 9, 44, 55, 136, 172
Greco, El, 97, 126, 167, 238
Greece, ancient, 164, 244
&n
bsp; Gregorian chants, Rodin and, 195
Hahn, Reynaldo, 196
Hattingberg, Magda von, 245
Hauptmann, Carl, 65, 66, 158
Hauptmann, Gerhart, 217
Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, 5–6, 34
Heidegger, Martin, 182
Helg, Ursula, 165
Heller, Hugo, 185
Heydt, Karl von der, 137
“History of the Thirty-Years War” (Rilke), 18
Hitler, Adolf, 154
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 216, 226
Horaek, Franz, 103, 108
Horse Fair, The (Bonheur), 13
Hôtel Biron, 170–71, 172–75, 173, 190, 191–208, 213–15, 217, 223–30, 237, 245, 248, 250, 252, 254
Hôtel du Quai Voltaire, 176–77
Hugo, Victor, 4, 8, 42, 45, 80, 128, 135, 201, 218
Husserl, Edmund, 21
hysteria, 49–51
Ibsen, Henrik, 48
Imitation of Christ, The (Thomas à Kempis), 263
Immoralist, The (Gide), 218
Impressionists, 50, 61, 179, 190
In Celebration of Myself (Rilke), 103
Industrial Revolution, 4
inseeing (einsehen), 99–100, 218
Insel-Verlag, 109, 123, 215, 219
Institut Rodin, 55, 56, 59
International Congress of Psychology, 59
International Psychoanalytical Association, 234
Interpretation of Dreams (Freud), 59, 145
Italy:
Duino Castle and, 204–5, 217, 223, 224, 236–39, 254
Rilke and, 111–14, 189, 217, 236–39
Rodin and, 36–37, 38, 95, 250
“J’Accuse!” (Zola), 53
Jacobsen, Jens Peter, 24, 98, 112, 121
Jaguar Devouring a Hare (Barye), 14
James, Henry, 99
Jardin des Plantes, 13, 32, 49, 99, 176–77
Javert (char.), 4
“Jesus the Jew” (Salomé), 26
John, Gwen, 147
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious (Freud), 23
Julian Academy, 55
Jung, Carl, 233–34
Justice, La, 14
Kafka, Franz, 216, 258, 259
Kairouan, Tunisia, 220
Kalckreuth, Wolf, Graf von, 198
Kandinsky, Wassily, 24, 166
Kappus, Franz Xaver, viii, 103–4, 108–10, 112, 113, 119–20, 121, 122, 211–12, 216
Kassner, Rudolf, 62, 187, 217
Kessler, Harry, 171, 182, 192, 201, 206, 207, 218, 226, 230, 254
Kippenberg, Anton, 263
Kiss, The (Brancusi), 168
Kiss, The (Rodin), viii, 8, 44, 61, 75, 82, 171
Klimt, Gustav, 20, 74, 145
Klossowska, Baladine, 256–57, 257, 259, 260, 262
Klossowski, Balthasar “Balthus,” 257–58, 257, 259–60, 263
Klossowski, Erich, 256
Klossowski, Pierre, 257, 259
You Must Change Your Life Page 31