Broadbent, R. J. A History of Pantomime. New York: Arno Press, 1977.
Celi, Claudia. “Viganò, Salvatore.” In International Encyclopedia of Dance, ed. Selma Jeanne Cohen. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Celli, Vincenzo. “Enrico Cecchetti.” Dance Index 5, 7 (July 1946), 159–79.
Clifford, Timothy. The Three Graces. Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 1995.
Falcone, Francesca. “The Arabesque: A Compositional Design.” Dance Chronicle 19, 3 (1996): 231–53.
———. “The Evolution of the Arabesque in Dance.” Dance Chronicle 22, 1 (1999): 71–117.
Gossett, Philip. Divas and Scholars: Performing Italian Opera. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
———. “Gioachino Rossini.” In The New Grove Masters of Italian Opera. New York: W. W. Norton, 1983.
Hansell, Kathleen. “Theatrical Ballet and Italian Opera.” In Opera on Stage, ed. Lorenzo Biancoini and Giorgio Pestelli. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
———. Opera and Ballet at the Regio Ducal Teatro of Milan, 1771–1776: A Musical and Social History. Ph.D. diss., University of California Berkeley, 1980.
Harris-Warrick, Rebecca, and Bruce Alan Brown, eds. The Grotesque Dancer on the Eighteenth-Century Stage: Gennaro Magri and His World. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2005.
Hornblower, Simon, and Antony Spawforth, eds. The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Hornsby, Clare, ed. The Impact of Italy: The Grand Tour and Beyond. London: British School at Rome, 2000.
Jürgensen, Knud Arne. The Verdi Ballets. Parma: Istituto Nazionale di Studi Verdiani, 1995.
Lambranzi, Gregorio. New and Curious School of Theatrical Dancing. New York: Dance Horizons, 1966.
Legat, Nikolai Gustavovich. “Whence Came the ‘Russian’ School.” Dancing Times, Feb. 1931, 565–69.
Mack Smith, Denis. Italy: A Modern History. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969.
———. Modern Italy: A Political History. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.
May, Gita. Stendhal and the Age of Napoleon. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
McGowan, Margaret M. “Les Fêtes de Cour en Savoie—L’Oeuvre de Philippe d’Aglié.” Revue d’Histoire du Théâtre 3 (1970): 183–241.
Monga, Luigi. “The Italian Shakespearians: Performances by Ristori, Salvini, and Rossi in England and America by Marvin Carlson.” South Altantic Review 15, 4 (November 1986).
Pace, Sergio. Herculaneum and European Culture Between the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Naples: Electa, 2000.
Pappacena, Flavia, ed. Excelsior: Documenti e Saggi: Documents and Essays. Rome: Di Giacomo, 1998.
———. Il Trattato di Danza di Carlo Blasis, 1820–1830. Lucca: Libreria Musicale Italiana, 2005.
Poesio, Giannandrea. “Blasis, the Italian Ballo, and the Male Sylph.” In Rethinking the Sylph: New Perspectives on the Romantic Ballet, ed. Lynn Garafola. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1997.
———. “Galop, Gender and Politics in the Italian Ballo Grande.” Proceedings of the Society of Dance History Scholars, 1997, 151–56.
———. “The Story of the Fighting Dancers.” Trans. Anthony Brierley. Dance Research 8, 1 (Spring 1990): 28–36.
———. “Viganò, the Coreodrama and the Language of Gesture.” Historical Dance 3, 5 (1998): 3–8.
Porter, Andrew. “Giuseppe Verdi.” In The New Grove Masters of Italian Opera. New York: W. W. Norton, 1983.
Prunières, Henry. “Salvatore Viganò.” La Revue Musicale, 1921, 71–94.
Racster, Olga. The Master of the Russian Ballet: The Memoirs of Cav. Enrico Cecchetti. New York: Da Capo, 1978.
Richards, Kenneth, and Laura Richards. The Commedia Dell’arte: A Documentary History. Oxford: Shakespeare Head Press, 1990.
Rosselli, John. Music and Musicians in Nineteenth-Century Italy. London: B. T. Batsford, 1991.
———. The Opera Industry in Italy from Cimarosa to Verdi: The Role of the Impresario. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Sachs, Harvey. Music in Fascist Italy. New York: Norton, 1987.
Scafidi, Nadia, Rita Zambon, and Roberta Albano. Le Ballet en Italie: La Scala, La Fenice, Le San Carlo, du XVIIIe Siècle à Nos Jours. Trans. Marylène Di Stefano. Rome: Gremese International, 1998.
Souritz, Elizabeth. “Carlo Blasis in Russia (1861–1864).” Studies in Dance History 4, 2 (1993).
Sowell, Madison U., Debra H. Sowell, Francesca Falcone, and Patrizia Veroli. Il Balletto Romantico: Tesori della Collezione Sowell. With a preface by José Sasportes. Palermo: L’Epos, 2007.
Terzian, Elizabeth. “Salvatore Viganò: His Ballets at the Teatro La Scala (1811–1821).” Master’s thesis, University of California, Riverside, 1986.
Touchette, Lori-Ann. “Sir William Hamilton’s ‘Pantomime Mistress’: Emma Hamilton and Her Attitudes.” In The Impact of Italy: The Grand Tour and Beyond, ed. Clare Hornsby. London: British School at Rome, 2000.
Venturi, Franco. Italy and the Enlightenment. Trans. Susan Corsi. New York: New York University Press, 1972.
Webb, Ruth. Demons and Dancers: Performance in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
Winter, Marian Hannah. The Pre-Romantic Ballet. London: Pitman, 1974.
———. The Theatre of Marvels. New York: B. Blom, 1964.
Woolf, Stuart. A History of Italy, 1700–1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change. Ed. Marie-Lise Sabrié. New York: Routledge, 1979.
Chapter Seven
My account of the development of Russian ballet was deeply influenced by the writings of Orlando Figes, Murray Frame, Marc Raeff, P. R. Roosevelt, Tim Scholl, and Richard Stites. On Didelot I drew much from the work of Mary Grace Swift; on Petipa, Roland John Wiley’s pioneering studies informed my discussion. My thinking about the place of ballet in Russian culture and society owes a large debt to Richard Wortman.
Primary
Benois, Alexandre. Reminiscences of the Russian Ballet. New York: Da Capo, 1977.
Custine, Astolphe, Marquis de. Letters from Russia. Ed. and with an introduction by Anka Muhlstein. New York: New York Review Books, 2002.
Gautier, Théophile. Russia. Trans. Florence MacIntyre Tyson. 2 vols. Philadelphia: J. C. Winston, 1905.
———. Voyage en Russie. Paris: Hachette, 1961.
Hammond, Sandra Noll. “A Nineteenth-Century Dancing Master at the Court of Württemberg: The Dance Notebooks of Michel St. Léon.” Dance Chronicle 15, 3 (1992): 291–317.
Herzen, Aleksandr. My Past and Thoughts: The Memoirs of Alexander Herzen. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
Karsavina, Tamara. Theatre Street: The Reminiscences of Tamara Karsavina. London: Dance Books, 1981.
Kschessinska, Matilda. Dancing in Petersburg: The Memoirs of Kschessinska. London: Gollancz, 1960.
Kyasht, Lydia. Romantic Recollections. New York: Da Capo, 1978.
Legat, Nikolai. Ballet Russe: Memoirs of Nicolas Legat. London: Methuen, 1939.
———. The Story of the Russian School. London: British Continental Press, 1932.
Levinson, André. André Levinson on Dance: Writings from Paris in the Twenties. Ed. Joan Acocella and Lynn Garafola. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1991.
Petipa, Marius. Mémoires: Traduit du Russe et Complétés par Galia Ackerman et Pierre Lorrain. Trans. Galia Ackerman and Pierre Lorrain. Arles: Actes Sud, 1990.
Pushkin, Aleksandr Sergeevich. Eugene Onegin: A Novel in Verse. Trans. James E. Falen. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990.
Saint-Léon, Arthur. Letters from a Ballet-Master: The Correspondence of Arthur Saint-Léon. Ed. Ivor Forbes Guest. New York: Dance Horizons, 1981.
Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail. Selected Satirical Writings. Ed. Irwin Paul Foote. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.
Teliakovsky, Vladimir, and Nina Dimitrievitch. “Memoirs: The Ballet
omanes, Part 1.” Dance Research 12, 1 (1994): 41–47.
———. “Memoirs: The Balletomanes (Concluded).” Dance Research 13, 2 (1995): 77–88.
Tolstoy, Leo. War and Peace. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York: Random House, 2002.
Vazem, Ekaterina Ottovna. “Memoirs of a Ballerina of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre: Part 1.” Trans. Nina Dimitrievitch. Dance Research 3, 2 (1985): 3–22.
———. “Memoirs of a Ballerina of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre: Part 2.” Trans. Nina Dimitrievitch. Dance Research 4, 1 (1986): 3–28.
———. “Memoirs of a Ballerina of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre: Part 3.” Trans. Nina Dimitrievitch. Dance Research 5, 1 (1987): 21–41.
———. “Memoirs of a Ballerina of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre: Part 4.” Trans. Nina Dimitrievitch. Dance Research 6, 2 (1988): 30–47.
Secondary
Anderson, Jack. The Nutcracker Ballet. New York: Gallery, 1979.
Bayley, John. Pushkin: A Comparative Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.
Beaumont, Cyril W. A History of Ballet in Russia (1613–1881). With a preface by André Levinson. London: C. W. Beaumont, 1930.
———. “Pushkin and His Influence on Russian Ballet.” Ballet 4, 6 (1947): 56–60.
Billington, James H. The Icon and the Axe: An Interpretive History of Russian Culture. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970.
Brown, David. Tchaikovsky: The Final Years 1885–1893. London: W. W. Norton, 1991.
Chujoy, Anatole, and Aleksandr Pleshcheev. “Russian Balletomania.” Dance Index 7, 3 (March 1948), 43–71.
Figes, Orlando. Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002.
Frame, Murray. “Freedom of the Theatres: The Abolition of the Russian Imperial Theatre Monopoly.” Slavonic and East European Review 83, 2 (Apr. 2005): 254–89.
———. School for Citizens: Theatre and Civil Society in Imperial Russia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
———. The St. Petersburg Imperial Theaters: Stage and State in Revolutionary Russia 1900–1920. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000.
Frank, Joseph. Dostoevsky: The Seeds of Revolt, 1821–1849. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976.
———. Dostoevsky: The Years of Ordeal, 1850–1859. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.
———. Dostoevsky: The Stir of Liberation, 1860–1865. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
———. Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865–1871. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
———. Dostoevsky: The Mantle of the Prophet, 1871–1881. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Gregory, John. The Legat Saga: Nicolai Gustavovitch Legat, 1869–1937. London: Javog, 1992.
Gregory, John, Andre Eglevsky, and Nikolai Gustavovich Legat. Heritage of a Ballet Master: Nicolas Legat. New York: Dance Horizons, 1977.
Guest, Ivor. Jules Perrot: Master of the Romantic Ballet. London: Dance Books, 1984.
Hardwick, Elizabeth. “Among the Savages.” New York Review of Books, Jul. 17, 2003.
Hughes, Lindsey. Russia in the Age of Peter the Great: 1682–1725. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
Kelly, Aileen. Views from the Other Shore: Essays on Herzen, Chekhov, and Bakhtin. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
Krasovskaya, Vera. “Marius Petipa and ‘The Sleeping Beauty.’ ” Trans. Cynthia Read. Dance Perspectives 49 (Spring 1972).
Legat, Nikolai Gustavovich. “Whence Came the ‘Russian’ School.” Dancing Times, Feb. 1931, 565–69.
Leshkov, D. I. Marius Petipa. Ed. Cyril W. Beaumont. London: C. W. Beaumont, 1971.
Madariaga, Isabel de. Politics and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Russia: Collected Essays. New York: Longman, 1998.
———. Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
Milner-Gulland, R. R. The Russians. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
Moberg, Pamela, and Christian Petrovich Johansson. “Pehr Christian Johansson: Portrait of the Master as a Young Dancer.” DanceView 16, 2 (1999): 26–32.
Poznansky, Alexander. Tchaikovsky: The Quest for the Inner Man. New York: Schirmer Books, 1991.
Raeff, Marc. Origins of the Russian Intelligentsia: The Eighteenth-Century Nobility. New York: Mariner Books, 1966.
———. Russian Intellectual History: An Anthology. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1966.
———. Understanding Imperial Russia: State and Society in the Old Regime. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.
Roosevelt, P. R. Life on the Russian Country Estate: A Social and Cultural History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
Roslavleva, Natalia. The Era of the Russian Ballet. New York: Da Capo, 1979.
Rzhevsky, Nicholas. The Cambridge Companion to Modern Russian Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Scholl, Tim. From Petipa to Balanchine: Classical Revival and the Modernization of Ballet. London: Routledge, 1994.
———. Sleeping Beauty: A Legend in Progress. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.
Seton-Watson, Hugh. The Russian Empire 1801–1917. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.
Slonimsky, Yury. “Marius Petipa.” Trans. Anatole Chujoy. Dance Index 6, 5–6 (May–June 1947): 100–44.
Slonimsky, Yury, and George Chaffee. “Jules Perrot.” Dance Index 4, 12 (Dec. 1945), 208–47.
Stites, Richard. Serfdom, Society, and the Arts in Imperial Russia: The Pleasure and the Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
Sutcliffe, Mark, ed. Nicholas and Alexandra: The Last Imperial Family of Tsarist Russia. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998.
Swift, Mary Grace. A Loftier Flight: The Life and Accomplishments of Charles-Louis Didelot, Balletmaster. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1974.
Volkonsky, Sergei. My Reminiscences. Trans. Alfred Edward Chamot. London: Hutchinson, 1925.
Volkov, Solomon. St. Petersburg: A Cultural History. New York: Free Press, 1995.
Ware, Timothy. The Orthodox Church. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1964.
Wiley, Roland John. “A Context for Petipa.” Dance Research 21, 1 (Summer 2003): 24–52.
———. “Dances from Russia: An Introduction to the Sergejev Collection.” Harvard Library Bulletin 24, 1 (Jan. 1976): 94–112.
———. The Life and Ballets of Lev Ivanov, Choreographer of the Nutcracker and Swan Lake. New York: Clarendon Press, 1997.
———. Tchaikovsky’s Ballets: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, Nutcracker. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
———. Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake: The First Productions in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1975.
———. “Three Historians of the Russian Imperial Ballet.” Dance Research Journal 13, 1 (Autumn 1980): 3–16.
———. “The Yearbook of the Imperial Theaters.” Dance Research Journal 9, 1 (1976): 30–36.
———, ed. A Century of Russian Ballet: Documents and Accounts 1810–1910. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Wortman, Richard. Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, vol. 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
———. Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy from Alexander II to the Abdication of Nicholas II, vol. 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Chapter Eight
On the history of Russian modernism and the Ballets Russes I relied especially on the work of Joan Ross Acocella, John Bowlt, Lynn Garafola, and Nancy Van Norman Baer. On the Russian context for The Firebird and The Rite of Spring I am especially indebted to Orlando Figes; my account of The Rite of Spring also draws on Modris Eksteins’s fascinating study. On Stravinsky, Richard Taruskin was an invaluable guide. Isabelle Fokine gave me an essential feel for her grandfather’s dances in a long and informative interview in 2001.
Primary
Banes, Sally. “Kasyan
Goleizovsky’s Manifestos, the Old and the New: Letters About Ballet.” Ballet Review 11, 3 (Fall 1983): 64–76.
Benois, Alexandre. Memoirs. 2 vols. Trans. Moura Budberg. London: Chatto and Windus, 1960 and 1964.
Blok, Aleksandr. The Twelve, and Other Poems. Trans. Jon Stallworthy and Peter France. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1970.
Fokine, Michel. Fokine: Memoirs of a Ballet Master. Trans. Vitale Fokine, ed. Anatole Chujoy. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961.
Hugo, Valentine. Nijinsky on Stage: Action Drawings by Valentine Gross of Nijinsky and the Diaghilev Ballet Made in Paris Between 1909 and 1913. London: Studio Vista, 1971.
Karsavina, Tamara. Theatre Street: The Reminiscences of Tamara Karsavina. London: Dance Books, 1981.
Kessler, Harry. Berlin in Lights: The Diaries of Count Harry Kessler, 1918–1937. Trans. Charles Kessler. New York: Grove Press, 1999.
Kyasht, Lydia. Romantic Recollections. New York: Da Capo, 1978.
Levinson, André. André Levinson on Dance: Writings from Paris in the Twenties. Ed. Joan Ross Acocella and Lynn Garafola. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1991.
———. Ballet Old and New. Trans. Susan Cook Summer. New York: Dance Horizons, 1982.
Lopukhov, Fedor. Writings on Ballet and Music. Trans. Dorinda Offord, ed. Stephanie Jordan. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
Lunacharsky, Anatoly. On Literature and Art. Trans. Avril Pyman and Fainna Glagoleva. Moscow: Progress, 1973.
———. Revolutionary Silhouettes, with an Introduction by Isaac Deutscher. Trans. Michael Glenny. London: Penguin Press, 1967.
Massine, Leonide. My Life in Ballet. London: Macmillan, 1968.
Meyerhold, V. E. Meyerhold on Theatre. Ed. Edward Braun. New York: Hill and Wang, 1969.
Nabokov, Nicolas. Old Friends and New Music. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.
Nijinska, Bronislava. Bronislava Nijinska: Early Memoirs. Trans. Irina Nijinska and Jean Rawlinson. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981.
———. “On Movement and the School of Movement.” Ballet Review 13, 4 (Winter 1986): 75–81.
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