Nijinsky, Vaslav. The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky: Unexpurgated Edition. Trans. Kyril Fitzlyon, ed. Joan Ross Acocella. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999.
Paléologue, Maurice. An Ambassador’s Memoirs. Trans. F. A. Holt. 3 vols. New York: George H. Doran, 1972.
Parker, Henry Taylor, and Olive Holmes. Motion Arrested: Dance Reviews. Ed. Olive Holmes. New York: Wesleyan University Press, 1982.
Proust, Marcel. Remembrance of Things Past: Swann’s Way Within a Budding Grove. Trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff. London: Chatto and Windus, 1981.
Rambert, Marie. Quicksilver: The Autobiography of Marie Rambert. London: Macmillan, 1972.
Sokolova, Lydia. Dancing for Diaghilev: The Memoirs of Lydia Sokolova. Ed. Richard Buckle. San Francisco: Mercury House, 1959.
Stanislavsky, Konstantin. My Life in Art. New York: Theatre Arts Books, 1952.
Stravinsky, Igor. Poetics of Music in the Form of Six Lessons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1942.
Van Vechten, Carl. The Dance Writings of Carl Van Vechten. New York: Dance Horizons, 1974.
Volkov, Solomon. Balanchine’s Tchaikovsky: Interviews with George Balanchine. Trans. Antonina W. Bouis. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985.
Volynsky, Akim. Ballet’s Magic Kingdom: Selected Writings on Dance in Russia, 1911–1925. Ed. Stanley J. Rabinowitz. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
Secondary
Acocella, Joan Ross. The Reception of Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes by Artists and Intellectuals in Paris and London, 1909–1914. Ph.D. diss., Rutgers University, 1984.
Baer, Nancy Van Norman. Bronislava Nijinska: A Dancer’s Legacy. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1986.
Baer, Nancy Van Norman, and Joan Ross Acocella. The Art of Enchantment: Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes, 1909–1929. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1988.
Balanchine, George. “The Dance Element in Stravinsky’s Music.” In Stravinsky in the Theater, ed. Minna Lederman. New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.
Beaumont, Cyril W. Michel Fokine and His Ballets. New York: Dance Books, 1981.
Blair, Fredrika. Isadora: Portrait of the Artist as a Woman. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986.
Bowlt, John E. Russian Stage Design—Scenic Innovation: 1900–1930. Jackson: Mississippi Museum of Art, 1982.
———. The Silver Age: Russian Art of the Early Twentieth Century and the “World of Art” Group. Newtonville, MA: Oriental Research Partners, 1982.
Bowlt, John E., and Olga Matich, eds. Laboratory of Dreams: The Russian Avant-Garde and Cultural Experiment. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Braun, Edward. Meyerhold: A Revolution in Theatre. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995.
Buckle, Richard. Diaghilev. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993.
———. Nijinsky. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971.
Clark, Katerina. Petersburg: Crucible of Cultural Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Craft, Robert. “Nijinsky and ‘Le Sacre.’ ” New York Review of Books, Apr. 15, 1976.
Croce, Arlene. “On ‘Beauty’ Bare.” New York Review of Books, Aug. 12, 1999.
Eksteins, Modris. Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
Fergison, Drue. “Bringing Les Noces to the Stage.” In The Ballets Russes and Its World, ed. Lynn Garafola and Nancy Van Norman Baer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
Figes, Orlando. Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002.
Fitzpatrick, Sheila. The Commissariat of Enlightenment: Soviet Organization of Education and the Arts Under Lunacharsky, October 1917–1921. Cambridge: University Press, 1970.
Frame, Murray. The St. Petersburg Imperial Theaters: Stage and State in Revolutionary Russia 1900–1920. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000.
Garafola, Lynn. Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Garafola, Lynn, and Nancy Van Norman Baer, eds. The Ballets Russes and Its World. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
García-Márquez, Vicente. Massine: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1995.
Gold, Arthur, and Robert Fizdale. Misia: The Life of Misia Sert. New York: Vintage, 1992.
Goldman, Debra. “Background to Diaghilev.” Ballet Review 6, 3 (1977): 1–56.
Gottlieb, Robert. George Balanchine: The Ballet Maker. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.
Gregory, John. The Legat Saga: Nicolai Gustavovitch Legat, 1869–1937. London: Javog, 1992.
Grigorev, S. L. The Diaghilev Ballet, 1909–1929. New York: Dance Horizons, 1974.
Haskell, Arnold Lionel, and Walter Nouvel. Diaghileff: His Artistic and Private Life. New York: Da Capo, 1977.
Hodson, Millicent. Nijinsky’s Crime Against Grace: Reconstruction Score of the Original Choreography for Le Sacre du Printemps. New York: Pendragon, 1996.
Horwitz, Dawn Lille. Michel Fokine. Boston: Twayne, 1985.
Joseph, Charles M. Stravinsky and Balanchine: A Journey of Invention. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
Kahane, Martine. Les Ballets Russes à l’Opéra. Paris: Hazan, 1992.
Kelly, Aileen. “Brave New Worlds.” New York Review of Books, Dec. 6, 1990.
Kelly, Thomas F. First Nights: Five Musical Premiers. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
Kirstein, Lincoln. Nijinsky Dancing. New York: Knopf, 1975.
Krasovskaya, Vera. Nijinsky. New York: Schirmer Books, 1979.
Kurth, Peter. Isadora: A Sensational Life. Boston: Little, Brown, 2001.
Law, Alma, and Mel Gordon. Meyerhold, Eisenstein and Biomechanics: Actor Training in Revolutionary Russia. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1996.
Lederman, Minna, ed. Stravinsky in the Theatre. New York: Da Capo, 1975.
Levy, Karen D. Jacques Rivière. Boston: Twayne, 1982.
Macdonald, Nesta. Diaghilev Observed by Critics in England and the United States, 1911–1929. New York: Dance Horizons, 1975.
Magarshack, David. Stanislavsky: A Life. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1975.
Magriel, Paul David. Pavlova: An Illustrated Monograph. New York: Henry Holt, 1947.
Money, Keith. Anna Pavlova: Her Life and Art. New York: Knopf, 1982.
Naughton, Helen T. Jacques Rivière: The Development of a Man and a Creed. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.
Nesteev, Israel. “Diaghilev’s Musical Education.” In The Ballets Russes and Its World, ed. Lynn Garafola and Nancy Van Norman Baer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
Nice, David. Prokofiev: From Russia to the West, 1891–1935. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
Norton, Leslie. Léonide Massine and the 20th Century Ballet. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004.
Prochasson, Christophe. Les Années Électriques: 1880–1910. Paris: La Découverte, 1991.
Propert, Walter Archibald. The Russian Ballet in Western Europe, 1909–19. New York: J. Lane, B. Blom, 1921.
Reynolds, Nancy. Repertory in Review: 40 Years of the New York City Ballet. New York: Dial, 1977.
Richardson, John. A Life of Picasso: The Cubist Rebel 1907–1916. New York: Knopf, 2007.
———. A Life of Picasso: The Triumphant Years 1917–1932. New York: Knopf, 2007.
Roslavleva, Natalia. The Era of the Russian Ballet. New York: Da Capo, 1979.
———. Stanislavski and the Ballet. New York: Dance Perspectives, 1965.
Rudnitsky, Konstantin. Russian and Soviet Theater, 1905–1932. Trans. Roxanne Permar, ed. Lesley Milne. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988.
Schapiro, Meyer. Modern Art: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. New York: George Braziller, 1978.
Scholl, Tim. From Petipa to Balanchine: Classical Revival and the Modernization of Ballet. London: Routledge, 1994.
Schwarz, Boris. Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia, 1917–1981. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983.
Shattuck, Roger. The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant-Garde in F
rance, 1885 to World War I. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries, 1972.
Shead, Richard. Ballets Russes. Secaucus, NJ: Wellfleet, 1989.
Silverman, Debora. Art Nouveau in Fin-de-Siècle France, Politics, Psychology, and Style. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
———. Van Gogh and Gauguin: The Search for Sacred Art. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2000.
Skidelsky, Robert. John Maynard Keynes, vol. 1: Hopes Betrayed 1883–1920. New York: Penguin, 1983.
Slonimsky, Yuri. “Balanchine: The Early Years.” Ballet Review 5, 3 (1975–76): 1–64.
Smakov, Gennady. The Great Russian Dancers. New York: Knopf, 1984.
Souritz, Elizabeth. “Isadora Duncan’s Influence on Dance in Russia.” Dance Chronicle 18, 2 (1995): 281–91.
———. “Soviet Ballet of the 1920s and the Influence of Constructivism.” In Soviet Union/Union Sovietique, 1980, 112–37.
———. Soviet Choreographers in the 1920s. Trans. Lynn Visson, ed. Sally Banes. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1990.
———. “The Young Balanchine in Russia.” Ballet Review 18, 2 (1990): 66–71.
Spurling, Hilary. Matisse the Master: A Life of Henri Matisse, The Conquest of Colour, 1909–1954. New York: Knopf, 2005.
———. The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, The Early Years, 1869–1908. New York: Knopf, 2008.
Taruskin, Richard. Defining Russia Musically: Historical and Hermeneutical Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
———. Stravinsky and the Russian Traditions: A Biography of the Works Through Mavra. 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
Tracy, Robert. Balanchine’s Ballerinas: Conversations with the Muses. New York: Linden Press, 1983.
Vogel, Lucy E., ed. Blok: An Anthology of Essays and Memoirs. Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1982.
Walsh, Stephen. Stravinsky, A Creative Spring: Russia and France, 1882–1934. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
Wiley, Roland John. Tchaikovsky’s Ballets: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, Nutcracker. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
Chapter Nine
My ideas for this chapter were influenced by the work of Orlando Figes, Aileen Kelly, Naima Prevots, Tim Scholl, Diane Solway, Elizabeth Souritz, and Mary Grace Swift. I also learned from time spent in St. Petersburg and Moscow observing classes and rehearsals conducted by former Soviet dancers, and from interviews with Boris Akimov, Nikolai Fadeyechev, Rimma Karelskaya, Igor Kolb, Irina Kolpakova, Lyubov Kunakova, Ninel Kurgapkina, Gabriella Komleva, Mikhail Lavrovsky, Anatoly Nisnevich, Ekaterina Maximova, Elizabeth Souritz, Makhar Vaziev, Sergei Vikharev, and Nina Ukova. In London I talked to Poel Karp, and in New York Robert Maiorano shed light on the 1962 NYCB tour.
Primary
Berlin, Isaiah. Personal Impressions. Ed. Henry Hardy. New York: Viking, 1981.
Bourke-White, Margaret. Eyes on Russia. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1931.
Grigorovich, Yuri, and Sania Davlekamova. The Authorized Bolshoi Ballet Book of The Golden Age. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H., 1989.
Grigorovich, Yuri, and Alexander Demidov. The Authorized Bolshoi Ballet Book of Ivan the Terrible. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H., 1988.
———. The Authorized Bolshoi Ballet Book of Romeo and Juliet. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H., 1990.
———. The Offical Bolshoi Ballet Book of Swan Lake. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H., 1986.
Grigorovich, Yuri, and Viktor Vladimirovich Vanslov. The Authorized Bolshoi Ballet Book of Raymonda. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H., 1987.
———. The Authorized Bolshoi Ballet Book of Sleeping Beauty. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H., 1987.
Jelegin, Juri. Taming of the Arts. New York: Dutton, 1951.
Kent, Allegra. Once a Dancer: An Autobiography. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
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L’vov-Anokhin, B. Galina Ulanova. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1956.
Makarova, Natalia. A Dance Autobiography. New York: Knopf, 1979.
Mandelstam, Nadezhda. Hope Against Hope: A Memoir. Trans. Max Hayward. New York: Modern Library, 1999.
Mayakovsky, Vladimir. The Bedbug (A Play) and Selected Poetry. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975.
Panov, Valery, and George Feifer. To Dance. New York: Knopf, 1978.
Plisetskaya, Maya. I, Maya Plisetskaya. Trans. Antonina W. Bouis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
Stanislavsky, Konstantin. My Life in Art. New York: Theatre Arts Books, 1952.
Tertz, Abram. The Trial Begins and On Socialist Realism, introduction by Czeslaw Milosz. Trans. Max Hayward and George Dennis. New York: Vintage, 1965.
Ulanova, Galina. Autobiographical Notes and Commentary on Soviet Ballet. London: Soviet News, 1956.
———. “A Ballerina’s Notes.” USSR 4 (1959).
———. The Making of a Ballerina. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.
Ulanova, Galina, Igor Moiseev, and Rostislav Zakharov. Ulanova, Moiseyev and Zakharov on Soviet Ballet. Trans. E. Fox and D. Fry, ed. Peter Brinson. London: Society for Cultural Relations with the USSR, 1954.
Vaganova, Agrippina. Basic Principles of Classical Ballet: Russian Ballet Technique. Trans. Anatole Chujoy and John Barker. New York: Dover, 1969.
Secondary
Acocella, Joan Ross. Baryshnikov in Black and White. New York: Bloomsbury, 2002.
Albert, Gennady. Alexander Pushkin: Master Teacher of Dance. With a foreword by Mikhail Baryshnikov. Trans. Antonina W. Bouis. New York: New York Public Library, 2001.
Barnes, Clive. Nureyev. New York: Helene Obolensky Enterprises, 1982.
Baryshnikov, Mikhail. Baryshnikov at Work: Mikhail Baryshnikov Discusses His Roles. New York: Knopf, 1978.
Beresovsky, V. Bogdanov. Ulanova and the Development of the Soviet Ballet. Trans. Stephen Garry and Joan Lawson. London: MacGibbon and Key, 1952.
Croce, Arlene. “Hard Work.” New Yorker, May 5, 1975, 134.
Daneman, Meredith. Margot Fonteyn. New York: Viking, 2004.
Feifer, George. Russia Close-Up. London: Cape, 1973.
Figes, Orlando. Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002.
Groys, Boris. The Total Art of Stalinism: Avant-Garde, Aesthetic Dictatorship, and Beyond. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Hosking, Geoffrey A. A History of the Soviet Union 1917–1991. Glasgow: Fontana Press, 1992.
———. Russia and the Russians: A History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001.
Jennings, Luke. “Nights at the Ballet: The Czar’s Last Dance.” New Yorker, Mar. 27, 1995, 75.
Kavanagh, Julie. Nureyev: The Life. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007.
Kelly, Aileen. “In the Promised Land.” New York Review of Books, Nov. 29, 2001.
Kent, Allegra. Once a Dancer: An Autobiography. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
Kotkin, Stephen. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Krasovskaya, Vera. Vaganova: A Dance Journey from Petersburg to Leningrad. Trans. Vera M. Siegel. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.
Litvinoff, Valentina. “Vaganova.” Dance Magazine, Jul.–Aug. 1964, 40.
Lobenthal, Joel. “Agrippina Vaganova.” Ballet Review 27, 4 (Winter 1999): 47–57.
Maes, Francis. A History of Russian Music: From Kamarinskaya to Babi Yar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
Magarshack, David. Stanislavsky: A Life. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1975.
Montefiore, Sebag. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. New York: Knopf, 2004.
Morrison, Simon. The People’s Artist: Prokofiev’s Soviet Years. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Nice, David. Prokofiev: From Russia to the West, 1891–1935. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
Orloff, Alexander, and Margaret E. Willis. The Russian Ballet on Tour. N
ew York: Rizzoli, 1989.
Prevots, Naima. Dance for Export: Cultural Diplomacy and the Cold War. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1998.
Reynolds, Nancy. “The Red Curtain: Balanchine’s Critical Reception in the Soviet Union.” American Dance Abroad, 1992, 47–57.
Robinson, Harlow. Sergei Prokofiev: A Biography. New York: Viking, 1987.
Roslavleva, Natalia. The Era of the Russian Ballet. New York: Da Capo, 1979.
Ross, Alex. The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.
Rudnitsky, Konstantin. Russian and Soviet Theater, 1905–1932. Trans. Roxanne Permar, ed. Lesley Milne. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988.
Scholl, Tim. Sleeping Beauty: A Legend in Progress. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.
Schwarz, Boris. Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983.
Smakov, Gennady. Baryshnikov: From Russia to the West. London: Orbis Publishing, 1981.
Solway, Diane. Nureyev, His Life. New York: William Morrow, 1998.
Souritz, Elizabeth. “The Achievement of Vera Krasovskaya.” Dance Chronicle 21, 1 (1998): 139–48.
———. “Moscow’s Island of Dance, 1934–1941.” Dance Chronicle 17, 1 (1994): 1–92.
———. “Soviet Ballet of the 1920s and the Influence of Constructivism.” Soviet Union/Union Sovietique 7, 1–2 (1980): 112–37.
———. Soviet Choreographers in the 1920s. Trans. Lynn Visson, ed. Sally Banes. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1990.
Stites, Richard. Russian Popular Culture: Entertainment and Society Since 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Swift, Mary Grace. The Art of the Dance in the USSR. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968.
Taper, Bernard. Balanchine: A Biography. New York: Collier, 1974.
Taruskin, Richard. Defining Russia Musically: Historical and Hermeneutical Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Taylor, Richard, and Derek Spring, eds. Stalinism and Soviet Cinema. London: Routledge, 1993.
Volkov, Solomon. St. Petersburg: A Cultural History. New York: Free Press, 1995.
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