Willis-Aarnio, Peggy. Agrippina Vaganova (1879–1951): Her Place in the History of Ballet and Her Impact on the Future of Classical Dance. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.
Wilson, Elizabeth. Shostakovich: A Life Remembered. London: Faber, 1994.
Zolotnitsky, David. Sergei Radlov: The Shakespearian Fate of a Soviet Director. Luxembourg: Harwood Academic, 1995.
Chapter Ten
For this chapter I am especially indebted to the scholarship of Kenneth O. Morgan, Robert Hewison, Samuel Hynes, and Robert Skidelsky. In dance I drew on the work of Mary Clarke, Beth Genné, Alexander Bland, Judith Mackrell, and Zoë Andersen. My understanding of Ashton owes an enormous debt to Julie Kavanagh and David Vaughan; on Fonteyn I looked to Meredith Daneman, and on Nureyev to Diane Soloway and Julie Kavanagh. For Kenneth MacMillan’s life I used Edward Thorpe’s biography, but readers should consult Jann Parry’s magisterial new biography, which appeared after this chapter was completed.
Primary
Annan, Noel. Our Age: The Generation That Made Post-War Britain. London: Fontana, 1991.
Beaton, Cecil. Ballet. London: Wingate, 1951.
———. Self Portrait with Friends: The Selected Diaries of Cecil Beaton 1926–1974. Ed. Richard Buckle. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979.
———. The Unexpurgated Beaton: The Cecil Beaton Diaries As They Were Written, introduced by Hugo Vickers. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2002.
Bedells, Phyllis. My Dancing Days. London: Phoenix House, 1954.
Béjart, Maurice. Le Ballet des Mots. Paris: Archimbaud, 1994.
———. Mémoires. Paris: Flammarion, 1996.
Connolly, Cyril. Enemies of Promise. Boston: Little, Brown, 1939.
———. The Selected Works of Cyril Connolly. Ed. Matthew Connolly. 2 vols. London: Picador, 2002.
Coton, A. V. Writings on Dance, 1938–68. London: Dance Books, 1975.
De Valois, Ninette. Come Dance with Me: A Memoir 1898–1956. Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1992.
———. Invitation to the Ballet. London: John Lane, 1937.
———. Step by Step: The Formation of an Establishment. London: W. H. Allen, 1977.
Fonteyn, Margot. Margot Fonteyn: Autobiography. New York: Knopf, 1976.
Haskell, Arnold Lionel. Balletomania: The Story of an Obsession. London: Victor Gollancz, 1946.
Hill, Polly, and Richard D. Keynes, eds. Lydia and Maynard: The Letters of Lydia Lopokova and John Maynard Keynes. New York: Scribner, 1989.
Keynes, John Maynard. The Economic Consequences of Peace. New York: Penguin, 1971.
Lambert, Constant. Music Ho! A Study of Music in Decline. New York: October House, 1967.
Lifar, Serge. Auguste Vestris: Le Dieu de la Danse. Paris: Nagel, 1950.
———. Du Temps que J’avais Faim. Paris: Stock, 1935.
———. Histoire du Ballet. Paris: P. Waleffe, Éditions Hermès, 1966.
———. Les Mémoires d’Icare. Monaco: Éditions Sauret, 1993.
Littlefield, Joan. “Wartime Ballet Flourishes.” Dance Magazine, April 1943, 20.
Manchester, P. W. Vic-Wells: A Ballet Progress. London: V. Gollancz, 1946.
Manchester, P. W., and Iris Morley. The Rose and the Star. London: V. Gollancz, 1949.
Marshall, Norman. The Other Theatre. London: J. Lehmann, 1947.
Muggeridge, Malcolm. Winter in Moscow. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1934.
Petit, Roland. J’ai Dansé sur les Flots. Paris: B. Grasset, 1993.
Rambert, Marie. Quicksilver: The Autobiography of Marie Rambert. London: Macmillan, 1972.
“ ‘Roll of Service’ of the Dancing Profession.” Dancing Times, 1940, 68–69.
Sackville-West, Victoria. Pepita. New York: Sun Dial, 1940.
Seymour, Lynn, and Paul Gardner. Lynn: The Autobiography of Lynn Seymour. London: Granada, 1984.
Shaw, Bernard. Music in London: 1890–1894. 3 vols. London: Constable, 1932.
Sitwell, Osbert. Laughter in the Next Room. London: Macmillan, 1949.
Tynan, Kenneth. Tynan on Theatre. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1964.
Waugh, Evelyn. Vile Bodies. Middlesex: Penguin, 1930.
Secondary
Anderson, Zoë. The Royal Ballet: 75 Years. London: Faber and Faber, 2006.
Aschengreen, Erik. “Bournonville: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.” Trans. Henry Godfrey. Dance Chronicle 3, 2 (1979): 102–52.
Barnes, Clive. Ballet in Britain Since the War. London: C. A. Watts, 1953.
Bland, Alexander. The Royal Ballet: The First Fifty Years. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981.
Bonnet, Sylvie. “L’Evolution de l’Esthetique Lifarienne.” La Recherche en Danse 1 (1982): 95–102.
Burrin, Philippe. France Under the Germans: Collaboration and Compromise. New York: New Press, 1996.
Cannadine, David. Aspects of Aristocracy: Grandeur and Decline in Modern Britain. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.
———. “The Context, Performance, and Meaning of Ritual: The British Monarchy and the ‘Invention of Tradition,’ c. 1820–1977.” In The Invention of Tradition, ed. E. J. Hobsbawm and T. O. Ranger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Chimènes, Myriam, and Josette Alviset. La Vie Musicale sous Vichy. Bruxelles: Complexe, 2001.
Christout, Marie-Françoise. Textes de Maurice Béjart: Points de Vue Critiques, Témoignages, Chronologie. Paris: Seghers, 1972.
Clarke, Mary. Dancers of Mercury: The Story of Ballet Rambert. London: A. and C. Black, 1962.
———. The Sadler’s Wells Ballet: A History and an Appreciation. With a new foreword by the author. New York: Da Capo, 1977.
Clarke, Mary, and Clement Crisp. The History of Dance. New York: Crown, 1981.
Cone, Michèle C. Artists Under Vichy: A Case of Prejudice and Persecution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Crickmay, Anthony, and Mary Clarke. Margot Fonteyn. Brooklyn: Dance Horizons, 1976.
Crisp, Clement, Anya Sainsbury, and Peter Williams. 50 Years of Ballet Rambert, 1926–1976. Ilkley: Scolar Press, 1976.
Daneman, Meredith. Margot Fonteyn. New York: Viking, 2004.
Fisher, Hugh. Margot Fonteyn. London: A. and C. Black, 1953.
Fumaroli, Marc. L’Etat Culturel: Une Religion Moderne. Paris: Éditions de Fallois, 1991.
Genné, Beth. “Creating a Canon, Creating the ‘Classics’ in Twentieth-Century British Ballet.” Dance Research 18, 2 (2000): 132–62.
———. “The Making of a Choreographer: Ninette de Valois and Bar aux Folies-Bergère.” Studies in Dance History 12 (1996): 21.
Guest, Ivor Forbes. Ballet in Leicester Square: The Alhambra and the Empire 1860–1915. London: Dance Books, 1992.
Hewison, Robert. Culture and Consensus: England, Art and Politics Since 1940. London: Methuen, 1995.
———. In Anger: British Culture in the Cold War 1945–60. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981.
———. Too Much: Art and Society in the Sixties 1960–75. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Hirschfeld, Gerhard, and Patrick Marsh. Collaboration in France: Politics and Culture During the Nazi Occupation, 1940–1944. Oxford: Berg, 1989.
Hynes, Samuel Lynn. The Auden Generation: Literature and Politics in England in the 1930s. London: Bodley Head, 1976.
———. The Edwardian Turn of Mind. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.
———. A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International, 1991.
Jackson, Julian. France: The Dark Years 1940–1944. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Jowitt, Deborah. Jerome Robbins: His Life, His Theater, His Dance. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.
Kavanagh, Julie. Nureyev: The Life. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007.
———. Secret Muses: The Life of Frederick Ashton. London: Faber, 1996.
Laurent, Jean, and Julie Sazonova. Serge Lifar Rénovateur du Ballet Français. Paris: Buchet/Ch
astel, 1960.
Macaulay, Alastair. “Ashton’s Classicism and Les Rendezvous.” Studies in Dance History 3, 2 (Fall 1992): 9–14.
———. Margot Fonteyn. Gloucestershire: Sutton, 1998.
Mack Smith, Denis. Mussolini. New York: Knopf, 1982.
Mackrell, Judith. The Bloomsbury Ballerina: Lydia Lopokova, Imperial Dancer and Mrs. John Maynard Keynes. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008.
Mason, Francis. “The Paris Opera: A Conversation with Violette Verdy.” Ballet Review 14, 3 (Fall 1986): 23–30.
McDonagh, Don. “Au Revoir.” Ballet Review 13, 4 (1970): 14–19.
McKibbin, Ross. Classes and Cultures: England 1918–1951. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Monahan, James. The Nature of Ballet: A Critic’s Reflections. London: Pitman, 1976.
Money, Keith. Fonteyn: The Making of a Legend. New York: Reynal, 1974.
Morgan, Kenneth O. Britain Since 1945: The People’s Peace. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Ory, Pascal. L’Aventure Culturelle Française: 1945–1989. Paris: Flammarion, 1989.
———. La France Allemande, 1933–1945: Paroles du Collaborationnisme Français. Paris: Gallimard/Julliard, 1977.
———. Les Collaborateurs: 1940–1945. Paris: Seuil, 1976.
Parry, Jann. Different Drummer: The Life of Kenneth MacMillan. London: Faber and Faber, 2009.
Poudru, Florence. Serge Lifar: La Danse pour la Patrie. Paris: Hermann, 2007.
Reynolds, Nancy, and Malcolm McCormick. No Fixed Points: Dance in the Twentieth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
Schaikevitch, André. Serge Lifar et le Destin du Ballet de l’Opéra: Vingt-Cinq Dessins Hors-Texte de Pablo Picasso. Paris: Richard-Masse, 1971.
Searle, G. R. A New England? Peace and War, 1886–1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Shead, Richard. Constant Lambert. With a memoir by Anthony Powell. London: Simon, 1973.
Sinclair, Andrew. Arts and Cultures: The History of the 50 Years of the Arts Council of Great Britain. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1995.
Skidelsky, Robert. John Maynard Keynes, vol. 1: Hopes Betrayed 1883–1920. New York: Penguin, 1983.
———. John Maynard Keynes, vol. 2: The Economist as Savior 1920–1937. New York: Penguin, 1992.
———. John Maynard Keynes, vol. 3: Fighting for Freedom 1937–1946. New York: Penguin, 2002.
Solway, Diane. Nureyev, His Life. New York: William Morrow, 1998.
Sorell, Walter. Dance in Its Time. Garden City, NY: Anchor, 1981.
Stone, Pat. “Dancing Under the Bombs: Part I.” Ballet Review 12, 4 (1985): 74–77.
———. “Dancing Under the Bombs: Part II.” Ballet Review 13, 1 (1985): 92–98.
———. “Dancing Under the Bombs: Part III.” Ballet Review 13, 2 (1985): 90–95.
———. “Dancing Under the Bombs: Part IV.” Ballet Review 14, 1 (1986): 90–97.
———. “Dancing Under the Bombs: Part V.” Ballet Review 15, 1 (1987): 78–90.
Taylor, A. J. P. English History: 1914–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Thorpe, Edward. Kenneth MacMillan: The Man and the Ballets. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985.
Tomalonis, Alexandra. Henning Kronstam: Portrait of a Danish Dancer. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002.
Vaughan, David. Frederick Ashton and His Ballets. London: Dance Books, 1999.
Veroli, Patrizia. “The Choreography of Aurel Milloss, Part One: 1906–1945.” Dance Chronicle 13, 1 (1990): 1–46.
———. “The Choreography of Aurel Milloss, Part Two: 1946–1966.” Dance Chronicle 13, 2 (1990): 193–240.
———. “The Choreography of Aurel Milloss, Part Three: 1967–1988.” Dance Chronicle 13, 3 (1990–91): 368–92.
———. “The Choreography of Aurel Milloss, Part Four: Catalogue.” Dance Chronicle 14, 1 (1991): 47–101.
———. “Walter Toscanini’s Vision of Dance.” Proceedings of the Society of Dance History Scholars, 1997, 107–17.
Weeks, Jeffrey. Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain from the Nineteenth Century to the Present. London: Quartet, 1977.
Chapters Eleven and Twelve
My thinking about the history of ballet in America owes much to the work of Judith Chazin-Bennahum, Arlene Croce, Agnes de Mille, Edwin Denby, Martin Duberman, Charles M. Joseph, Elizabeth Kendall, Deborah Jowitt, Lincoln Kirstein, Sono Osato, Charles Payne, Donna Perlmutter, Naima Prevots, Nancy Reynolds, Yuri Slezkine, Muriel Topaz, and Bernard Taper. I benefited enormously from interviews with Jacques d’Amboise, Melissa Hayden, Allegra Kent, Robert Maiorano, and Robert Weiss.
Primary
Amberg, George. Art in Modern Ballet. New York: Pantheon, 1946.
———. Ballet in America: The Emergence of an American Art. New York: Da Capo, 1983.
Balanchine, George. “The Dance Element in Stravinsky’s Music.” In Stravinsky in the Theater, ed. Minna Lederman. New York: Da Capo, 1975.
———. “Notes on Choreography.” Dance Index 4, 3 (Feb.–Mar. 1945): 20–31.
Bernstein, Leonard. The Unanswered Question: Six Talks at Harvard. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Chalif, Louis Harvy. The Chalif Text Book of Dancing. New York, 1914.
“Choreography by George Balanchine: A Catalogue of Works.” The George Balanchine Foundation. At http://www.balanchine.org/balanchine/03/balanchinecataloguenew.html.
Chujoy, Anatole, George Platt Lynes, Walter E. Owen, and Fred Fehl. The New York City Ballet. New York: Knopf, 1953.
Croce, Arlene. Afterimages. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
———. The Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Book. New York: Vintage Books, 1977.
———. Going to the Dance. New York: Knopf, 1982.
———. Sight Lines. New York: Knopf, 1987.
———. Writing in the Dark: Dancing in the New Yorker. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000.
Danilova, Alexandra. Choura: The Memoirs of Alexandra Danilova. New York: Fromm International Pub. Corp., 1988.
De Mille, Agnes. Dance to the Piper. Boston: Little, Brown, 1952.
———. Russian Journals. New York: Dance Perspectives Foundation, 1970.
———. Speak to Me, Dance with Me. Boston: Little, Brown, 1973.
———. America Dances. New York: Macmillan, 1980.
Delarue, Allison. Fanny Elssler in America: Comprising Seven Facsimiles of Rare Americana—Never Before Offered the Public—Depicting Her Astounding Conquest of America in 1840–42, a Memoir, a Libretto, Two Verses, a Penny-Terrible Blast, Letters and Journal, and an Early Comic Strip—the Sad Tale of Her Impresario’s Courtship. Brooklyn: Dance Horizons, 1976.
Denby, Edwin. Dancers, Buildings and People in the Streets. New York: Horizon Press, 1965.
———. Dance Writings. Ed. Robert Cornfield and William MacKay. New York: Knopf, 1986.
Eliot, T. S. The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism. London: Methuen, 1920.
Farrell, Suzanne, and Toni Bentley. Holding on to the Air: An Autobiography. New York: Summit, 1990.
Fisher, Barbara M. In Balanchine’s Company: A Dancer’s Memoir. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2006.
Geva, Tamara. Split Seconds: A Remembrance. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
Howe, Irving. “Tevye on Broadway.” Commentary, Nov. 1964, 73–75.
Jenkins, Nicholas, ed. By, With, To and From: A Lincoln Kirstein Reader. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1991.
Kazan, Elia. Elia Kazan: A Life. New York: Da Capo, 1997.
Kent, Allegra. Once a Dancer: An Autobiography. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
Kinney, Troy, and Margaret West Kinney. The Dance: Its Place in Art and Life. New York: Tudor, 1936.
Kirstein, Lincoln. Flesh Is Heir: An Historical Romance. New York: Brewer, Warren, and Putnam, 1932.
———. Fokine. London: British-Continental Press, 1934.
—�
��—. Three Pamphlets Collected: Blast at Ballet, 1937. Ballet Alphabet, 1939. What Ballet Is All About, 1959. Brooklyn: Dance Horizons, 1967.
———. Dance: A Short History of Classic Theatrical Dancing. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970.
———. Movement and Metaphor: Four Centuries of Ballet. New York: Praeger, 1970.
———. Elie Nadelman. New York: Eakins Press, 1973.
———. Thirty Years: New York City Ballet. London: A. and C. Black, 1979.
———. “A Ballet Master’s Belief.” In Portrait of Mr. B: Photographs of George Balanchine, ed. Lincoln Kirstein. New York: Viking, 1984.
———. The Poems of Lincoln Kirstein. New York: Atheneum, 1987.
———. Mosaic: Memoirs. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994.
———, ed. Portrait of Mr. B: Photographs of George Balanchine. New York: Viking, 1984.
Kirstein, Lincoln, and Nancy Reynolds. Ballet, Bias and Belief: Three Pamphlets Collected and Other Dance Writings of Lincoln Kirstein. New York: Dance Horizons, 1983.
Laurents, Arthur. Original Story by Arthur Laurents: A Memoir of Broadway and Hollywood. New York: Knopf, 2000.
Lauze, François de. Apologie de la danse, by F. de Lauze, 1623: A Treatise on Instruction in Dancing and Deportment Given in the Original French. Trans. and with introduction and notes by Joan Wildeblood. London: F. Muller, 1952.
Lowry, W. McNeil. “Conversations with Balanchine.” New Yorker, Sept. 12, 1983, 52.
———. “Conversations with Kirstein—I.” New Yorker, Dec. 15, 1986, 44–80.
———. “Conversations with Kirstein—II.” New Yorker, Dec. 22, 1986, 37–63.
———. The Performing Arts and American Society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978.
Martins, Peter, and Robert Cornfield. Far from Denmark. Boston: Little, Brown, 1982.
Mason, Francis. I Remember Balanchine: Recollections of the Ballet Master by Those Who Knew Him. New York: Doubleday, 1991.
Milstein, Nathan, and Solomon Volkov. From Russia to the West: The Musical Memoirs and Reminiscences of Nathan Milstein. Trans. Antonia W. Bouis. New York: Henry Holt, 1990.
Nabokov, Nicolas. Old Friends and New Music. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.
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