Apollo’s Angels

by Jennifer Homans

Heiberg, Johan Ludvig, Chapter 5.1

  Heine, Heinrich, Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7

  Hellerau school, Chapter 8.1

  Helpmann, Robert, Chapter 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

  Henri II, king of France, Chapter 1.1, 1.2

  Henri III, king of France, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

  Henri, Louis, Chapter 3.1

  Henze, Hans Werner, Chapter 10.1

  Herculaneum, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Hermitage, Chapter 7.1, 8.1

  Hérold, Ferdinand, Chapter 10.1

  Herzen, Alexander, Chapter 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  Hilverding, Franz, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Hindemith, Paul, Chapter 12.1, 12.2

  Hines, Gregory, Chapter 11.1

  Hirsch, Georges, Chapter 10.1

  Hodson, Millicent, Chapter epl.1

  Hoffmann, E. T. A., Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

  “The Devil’s Elixir,” Chapter 4.1

  influence on The Nutcracker, Chapter 7.1

  Hogarth, William, Chapter 2.1

  Holden, Stanley, Chapter 10.1

  Holiday, Billie, “Strange Fruit,” Chapter 12.1

  Holm, Hanya, Chapter 11.1

  House Un-American Activities Committee, Chapter 12.1

  Howe, Irving, Chapter 12.1

  Hugo, Victor, Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 7.1

  humanism, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1

  Hurok, Sol, Chapter 11.1

  Hus, Augusto, Chapter 6.1

  Imperial Cadet Corps, Chapter 7.1

  Imperial Court, Chapter 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

  dying culture of, Chapter 8.1

  end to, Chapter 7.1

  insularity and indulgence of, Chapter 8.1

  Russian ballet entwined with, Chapter 7.1, 12.1

  Sleeping Beauty as reflection of, Chapter 7.1

  Imperial Theaters, Chapter 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Alexander III reforms and, Chapter 7.1

  ballet troupe size and, Chapter 7.1

  creation of, Chapter 7.1, 7.2

  financial resources of, Chapter 7.1, 7.2

  focus shift to Moscow of, Chapter 7.1

  French-trained ballet masters and, Chapter 7.1, 7.2

  Ivanov and, Chapter 7.1

  Petipa and, Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 10.1, 12.1

  political climate and, Chapter 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  serf theater and, Chapter 7.1

  Vsevolozhsky as head of, Chapter 7.1, 7.2

  See also Bolshoi; Maryinsky/Kirov

  Imperial Theater School, Chapter 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 12.1

  Impressionism, Chapter 4.1, 8.1

  Ingemann, B. S., Chapter 5.1, 5.2

  “Internationale, The,” Chapter 9.1, 12.1

  Istomina, Avdotia, Chapter 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  Italian ballet, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 4.1, 6.1, 12.1

  American demand for, Chapter 11.1

  antiquity and, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Blasis school and, Chapter 6.1

  Bournonville view of, Chapter 5.1, 6.1

  commedia dell’arte and, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 2.1

  extravagant spectacles and, Chapter 6.1

  Italian opera vs., Chapter 6.1

  Noverre-Angiolini dispute and, Chapter 2.1

  Russian ballet fueled by, Chapter 6.1

  self-destruction of, Chapter 6.1, 6.2

  technique/style of, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1

  twentieth-century status of, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  See also Milan; Naples; Venice

  Italian opera, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 12.1

  ballets between acts of, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2

  as big business, Chapter 6.1

  eventual decline of, Chapter 6.1

  financing of, Chapter 6.1

  first Paris performance of, Chapter 1.1

  greatness of, Chapter 6.1

  international reach of, Chapter 6.1

  librettists and, Chapter 6.1

  Milan and, Chapter 2.1, 6.1, 6.2

  Italian unification. See Risorgimento

  Ivanov, Lev, Chapter 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1

  The Nutcracker, Chapter itr.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  Swan Lake, Chapter itr.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 12.1, 12.2

  James, Henry, Chapter 6.1

  Janin, Jules, Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

  Jansenists, Chapter 1.1

  Jarente, Louis-Sextius de, Chapter 3.1

  jazz, Chapter itr.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 11.1

  Jeanmaire, Zizi, Chapter 10.1

  Jesuits, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1

  Jewels, Chapter 12.1, 12.2

  “Emeralds,” Chapter 12.1

  “Rubies,” Chapter 12.1

  Jockey Club (Paris Opera), Chapter 4.1, 4.2

  Joffrey, Robert, Chapter 11.1

  Astarte, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  Rite of Spring reconstruction and, Chapter epl.1

  Joffrey Ballet, Chapter 11.1

  Johansson, Pehr Christian, Chapter 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 9.1

  John F. Kennedy Center, Chapter 11.1

  Johnson, Philip, Chapter 11.1

  Jommelli, Niccolô, Chapter 2.1, 2.2

  Didone Abbandonata, Chapter 2.1

  Jonson, Ben, Chapter 2.1

  Jooss, Kurt, Chapter 12.1, 12.2

  The Green Table, Chapter 12.1

  Jorio, Andrea de, La Mimica, Chapter 6.1

  Joseph II, Holy Roman emperor, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

  Joseph, Charles M., Chapter 12.1

  Jourdain, M., Chapter 1.1

  Karapakova, Pelagia, Chapter 7.1

  Karinska, Barbara, Chapter 9.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4

  Karsavina, Tamara, Chapter 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 10.1

  emigration to West of, Chapter 8.1

  English performances of, Chapter 10.1

  as Firebird, Chapter 8.1

  return to Russia by, Chapter 8.1

  style of, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Les Sylphides and, Chapter 8.1

  Karsten, Sophie Hedwige, Chapter 4.1

  Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Kay, Hershey, Chapter 9.1, 12.1

  Kaye, Danny, Chapter 12.1

  Kaye, Nora, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6

  Kazan, Elia, Chapter 11.1, 12.1, 12.2

  Kennedy, Bobby, Chapter 9.1

  Kennedy, Jackie, Chapter 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

  Kennedy, John F., Chapter 9.1, 11.1, 12.1

  Kent, Allegra, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  Kessler, Count Harry, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Keynes, John Maynard, Chapter 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, epl.1

  British classical ballet and, Chapter 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, epl.1

  Lopokova marriage to, Chapter 10.1

  Khachaturian, Aram, Chapter 9.1

  Spartacus, Chapter 9.1, 9.2

  Khrushchev, Nikita, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5

  cultural thaw and, Chapter 9.1, 9.2

  denunciation of Stalin by, Chapter 9.1

  Plisetskaya and, Chapter 9.1, 9.2

  Khudekov, Sergei Nikolaevich, Chapter 7.1

  Kierkegaard, S⊘ren, Chapter 5.1

  Kiralfy brothers, Chapter 11.1, 11.2

  Kirov, Sergei, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, epl.1

  Kirov Ballet. See Maryinsky/Kirov

  Kirstein, Lincoln, Chapter 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.1, 12.2, epl.1

  artistic taste of, Chapter 11.1

  Balanchine memorial and, Chapter 12.1

  See also New York City Ballet

  Kit Kat Club, Chapter 2.1, 2.2

  Kolpakova, Irina, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Kopeikine, Nicholas, Chapter 12.1

  Köperkultur, Chapter 10.1

  Korovin, Konstantin, Chapter 8.1, 8.2

  Koussevitzky, Serge, Chapter 11.1

  Kschessinska, Matilda, Chapter 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
, 8.3, 10.1

  Kschessinsky, Felix, Chapter 7.1, 7.2

  Kurgapkina, Ninel, Chapter 9.1

  Kylián, Jirˇi, Chapter 10.1, 12.1, 12.2

  Laban, Rudolf, Chapter 10.1

  Song of the Sun, Chapter 10.1

  La Borde, Jean-Benjamin de, Chapter 3.1

  Lafayette, marquis de, Chapter 5.1

  La Fenice, Chapter 6.1, 8.1, 9.1

  La Fontaine, Jean de, Chapter 1.1

  La Fontaine, Mademoiselle, Chapter 1.1

  La Guardia, Fiorello, Chapter 11.1, 11.2

  La Harpe, Jean-François de, Chapter 2.1

  Laing, Hugh, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  Lamartine, Alphonse de, Chapter 4.1, 4.2

  Lamb, Joseph, Chapter 11.1

  Lambert, Constant, Chapter 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

  Fonteyn affair with, Chapter 10.1

  Tiresias, Chapter 10.1

  Lancaster, Osbert, Chapter 10.1

  Lanchbery, John, Chapter 10.1

  Landé, Jean-Baptiste, Chapter 7.1

  Lander, Harald, Chapter 10.1

  La Scala, Chapter 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

  Blasis and, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Cecchetti and, Chapter 6.1, 10.1

  elimination of ballet by, Chapter 6.1

  gambling and, Chapter 2.1, 6.1, 6.2

  Manzotti spectacles and, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  opera and, Chapter 2.1, 6.1, 6.2

  seating and boxes at, Chapter 2.1

  unpopularity of Taglioni and Elssler at, Chapter 6.1

  Viganò ballets at, Chapter 6.1, 6.2

  La Scala ballet school, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1

  Lauder, Harry, Chapter 10.1, 12.1

  Laurents, Arthur, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  Lauze, François de, Apologie de la Danse, Chapter 12.1

  Lavrovsky, Leonid, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, epl.1, epl.2

  Life, Chapter 9.1

  Romeo and Juliet, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Ruby Stars, Chapter 9.1

  Lawrence, D. H., Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Chapter 10.1

  Le Brun, Antoine-Louis, Chapter 1.1

  Le Clercq, Tanaquil, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  polio of, Chapter 12.1

  Ledoux, Claude-Nicolas, Chapter 3.1

  Legat, Nikolai, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Legat, Sergei, Chapter 8.1

  Legnani, Pierina, Chapter 6.1, 7.1

  Lehár, Franz, Chapter 12.1

  Lenin, Vladimir, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

  Leningrad. See St. Petersburg

  Lenya, Lotte, Chapter 12.1

  Leonardo da Vinci, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

  Le Peletier, Louis-Michel, Chapter 3.1

  LePicq, Charles, Chapter 7.1, 7.2

  Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Chapter 2.1

  Levasseur, Auguste, Chapter 4.1

  Levinson, André, Chapter 7.1, 8.1

  Lidice massacres, Chapter 12.1

  Lifar, Serge, Chapter 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1

  Diaghilev relationship with, Chapter 8.1

  emigration to West of, Chapter 8.1

  Icare, Chapter 10.1

  Nazi occupation and, Chapter 10.1

  Lincoln Center, Chapter 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, epl.2

  Lind, Jenny, Chapter 5.1

  Liszt, Franz, Chapter 4.1, 10.1

  Livry, Emma, Chapter 4.1

  Locke, John, Chapter 2.1

  Loève-Veimars, François Adolphe, Chapter 4.1

  Lombardy, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  London

  Ballets Russes tours in, Chapter 10.1

  Bolshoi triumphs in, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1

  Cecchetti school in, Chapter 6.1

  as eighteenth-century cultural center, Chapter 2.1, 2.2

  German bombing of, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Italian dancers in, Chapter 6.1

  music hall popularity in, Chapter 10.1, 10.2, 12.1

  New York City Ballet in, Chapter 10.1

  Noverre ballets success in, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Sleeping Princess reception in, Chapter 8.1, 8.2

  social and cultural elite of, Chapter 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

  Taglioni performances in, Chapter 4.1

  See also Royal Ballet

  Loo, Louis-Michel van, Chapter 2.1

  Lopokova, Lydia, Chapter 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

  Lopukhov, Fedor, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, epl.1

  The Bright Stream, Chapter 9.1, 9.2

  Dance Symphony, Chapter 8.1, 8.2

  Lord Chamberlain (British censor), Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Loring, Eugene, Chapter 11.1

  Louis XIII, king of France, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

  Louis XIV, king of France, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1

  background of, Chapter 1.1

  Balanchine homage to, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  dance and, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, epl.1

  death of, Chapter 1.1, 2.1

  decline of court of, Chapter 1.1

  Paris Opera and, Chapter 1.1, 1.2

  Peter the Great parallel with, Chapter 7.1

  Russian ballet homage to, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Sleeping Beauty story and, Chapter 7.1

  Sun symbol of, Chapter 1.1

  theatrical spectacle and, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1

  Louis XV, king of France, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Louis XVI, king of France, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1

  Louis Napoleon, Chapter 4.1, 6.1

  Louis-Philippe, Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5

  L⊘venskiold, Herman Severin, Chapter 5.1

  Lowry, W. McNeil, Chapter 11.1

  Lucian of Samosata, Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Lully, Jean-Baptiste, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 6.1

  Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, Chapter 1.1

  Psyche, Chapter 1.1

  Lunacharsky, Anatoly, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Lutheranism, Chapter 5.1, 5.2

  Lyadov, Anatoly, Chapter 8.1

  Lyon workers strike (1831), Chapter 4.1, 4.2

  machine dances, Chapter 8.1, 8.2

  MacMillan, Kenneth, Chapter 10.1, 12.1

  assessment of, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Deutsche Oper and, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Royal Ballet and, Chapter 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

  Tudor compared with, Chapter 12.1

  works: Anastasia, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  The Burrow, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Different Drummer, Chapter 10.1

  The Dream, Chapter 10.1

  Las Hermanas, Chapter 10.1

  The Invitation, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Isadora, Chapter 10.1

  The Judas Tree, Chapter 10.1

  Manon, Chapter 10.1

  Meyerling, Chapter 10.1

  Requiem, Chapter 10.1

  The Rite of Spring, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Romeo and Juliet, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Sleeping Beauty, Chapter 10.1

  Song of the Earth, Chapter 10.1

  Swan Lake, Chapter 10.1

  Valley of Shadows, Chapter 10.1

  Maddox, Michael (Menkol), Chapter 7.1

  Magri, Gennaro, Chapter 6.1, 6.2

  Theoretical and Practical Treatise on Dancing, Chapter 6.1

  Mahler, Gustav, Chapter 10.1, 12.1, 12.2

  Maine, duchesse du, Chapter 2.1

  Maintenon, Madame de, Chapter 1.1, 1.2

  Makarova, Natalia, Chapter itr.1, 9.1, 9.2

  defection of, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Kirov tradition and, Chapter 9.1

  makeup, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

  male dancers

  American Ballet Theatre and, Chapter 9.1

  athletic virtuosity and, Chapter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1

  Balanchine and, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  ballerina displacement of, Chapter 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1<
br />
  Ballets Russes style of, Chapter 8.1, 8.2

  Bournonville style of, Chapter 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 12.1

  eighteenth-century reforms and, Chapter 2.1

  en travesti roles and, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2

  French ballet and, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2

  French excesses and, Chapter 3.1

  French Revolution’s image change for, Chapter 3.1

  Italian bravura style and, Chapter 6.1

  Maryinsky/Kirov and, Chapter 9.1

  novel effects by, Chapter 3.1

  Russia and, Chapter 7.1

  tramagnini extras and, Chapter 6.1

  Vestris training method for, Chapter 3.1, 4.1

  Malevich, Kazimir, Chapter 8.1

  Mallarmé, Stéphane, Chapter 8.1

  Malraux, André, Chapter 9.1

  Maly Theater, Chapter 9.1

  Mamontov, Savva, Chapter 8.1, 8.2

  Manchester, P. W., Chapter 10.1

  Manen, Hans van, Chapter 10.1

  Mutation, Chapter 10.1

  Mannheim, Chapter 2.1

  Manzotti, Luigi, Chapter 6.1, 7.1

  legacy of, Chapter 6.1, 6.2

  works: Amor, Chapter 6.1, 6.2

  The Death of Masaniello, Chapter 6.1

  Pietro Micca, Chapter 6.1

  Sport, Chapter 6.1

  See also Excelsior

  Marat, Jean-Paul, Chapter 3.1

  Marenco, Romualdo, Chapter 6.1

  The Embarkation of Garibaldi at Marsala, Chapter 6.1, 6.2

  Marguerite de Vaudémont, Chapter 1.1

  Maria Theresa, ruler of Austria, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1

  Marie Antoinette, queen of France, Chapter 2.1, 3.1, 3.2

  fashion and, Chapter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

  Noverre and, Chapter 2.1, 2.2

  Marie de Medici, queen of France, Chapter 1.1

  Markova, Alicia, Chapter 10.1, 10.2

  Marmontel, Jean-François, Chapter 2.1

  “Marseillaise, La,” Chapter 3.1

  Martin, John, Chapter 9.1, 10.1

  Martins, Peter, Chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4

  Martinu˚, Bohuslav, Chapter 10.1, 12.1, 12.2

  Sixth Symphony, Chapter 12.1

  Marx, Karl, Chapter 4.1

  Maryinsky/Kirov, Chapter itr.1, itr.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  American tours by, Chapter 11.1

  ballet masters and, Chapter 7.1, epl.1

  Ballets Russes and, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Bolshevik takeover and, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, 9.1

  Bournonville and, Chapter 5.1, 7.1

  Cecchetti and, Chapter 6.1

  dancers’ attraction to, Chapter 5.1

  decline of, Chapter 9.1, 9.2

  defectors from, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  émigré teachers from, Chapter itr.1, 12.1

  foreign-born dancers and, Chapter 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  founding of, Chapter 7.1

  Grigorovich and, Chapter 9.1

  Khrushchev thaw and, Chapter 9.1, 9.2