Report RL41108 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress Report, August 2, 2012), 8–24; Robert Ross, “The Problem with the Pivot,” Foreign Affairs (November–December 2012).
43. Reviewed in Friedberg, Beyond Air-Sea Battle.
44. See Swaine, Creating a Stable Asia.
45. Ralph Cossa and Brad Glosserman, “The Pivot Is Dead; Long Live the Pivot,” Comparative Connections 19, no. 1 (May 2017): 2–3.
46. Bonnie Glaser and Alexandra Viers, “Trump and Xi Break the Ice at Mar-a-Lago,”
Comparative Connections 19, no. 1 (May 2017): 26–30.
47. Jane Parlez, Yufan Huang, and Paul Mozur, “How North Korea Managed to Defy Years of Sanctions,” New York Times, May 12, 2017, A1.
9. ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
CONTEMPORARY US-CHINA RELATIONS
1. Arthur Kroeber, China’s Economy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016); Barry Naughton, The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007); David M. Lampton, The Three Faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), 78–116; David Shambaugh, China Goes Global (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 156–206; C. Fred Bergsten, Charles Freeman, Nicholas Lardy, and Derek Mitchell, China’s Rise: Challenges and Opportunities (Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2008), 105–37; Nicholas Lardy, Sustaining China’s Economic Growth after the Global Financial Crisis (Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2012); Wayne Morrison, China’s Economic Conditions, CRS Report RL33534 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, December 4, 2012); Wang Jisi, “Trends on the Development of U.S.-
China Relations and Deep-Seated Reasons,” lecture delivered at the Chinese Academy of Social Science, Asia Pacific Institute, Dangdai Yatai (Beijing), June 20, 2009, 4–20.
304
Notes
2. Bergsten et al., China’s Rise, 9–32; C. Fred Bergsten, Bates Gill, Nicholas Lardy, and Derek Mitchell, China: A Balance Sheet (New York: Public Affairs, 2006), 73–117; Wayne Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues, CRS Report RL33536 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, May 21, 2012); Jeffrey Bader, Obama and China’s Rise (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012), 111–27.
3. Kenneth Lieberthal, “How Domestic Forces Shape the PRC’s Grand Strategy and International Impact,” in Strategic Asia 2007–2008, ed. Ashley Tellis and Michael Wills (Seattle: National Bureau of Asian Research, 2007), 29–68; Lampton, The Three Faces of Chinese Power, 207–51; Lardy, Sustaining China’s Economic Growth; Kroeber, China’s Economy, 233–62.
4. Robert Suettinger, Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989–2000
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2003), 358–409.
5. Bader, Obama and China’s Rise, 111–27; Yuan Peng, “China, U.S. Should Find Common Ground in Strategic Dialogue,” China Daily, July 27, 2009, 4; Kenneth Lieberthal and Wang Jisi, Addressing U.S.-China Strategic Distrust (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012); Nina Hachigian, ed., Debating China: The U.S.-China Relationship in Ten Conversations (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 21–42.
6. Robert Sutter and Satu Limaye, America’s 2016 Election Debate on Asia Policy and Asian Reactions (Honolulu, HI: East-West Center, 2016), 18–22; Orville Schell and Susan Shirk, Chairs, US Policy toward China: Recommendations for a New Administration, Task Force Report (New York: Asia Society, 2017), 60–64.
7. Schell and Shirk, US Policy toward China, 60.
8. Wayne Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues, CRS Report RL33536 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, December 29, 2016), 26–34.
9. David Dollar, Trade Is Front and Center as Trump and Xi Meet (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, April 3, 2017); Bonnie Glaser and Alexandra Viers, “Trump and Xi Break the Ice at Mar-a-Lago,” Comparative Connections 19, no. 1 (May 2017): 21–32; Wayne Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues, CRS Report RL33536 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, April 24, 2017).
10. Wayne Morrison, China’s Economic Rise, CRS Report RL33534 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, October 9. 2014), summary page; Yu Yongding, “An Opportunity for China,” Japan Times, April 12, 2015, http://www.
japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2015/04/12/commentary/world-commentary/opportunity-china
/#.VXLETdJViko (site discontinued).
11. “Catching the Eagle,” Economist (blog), August 22, 2014, http://www.economist.com/
blogs/graphicdetail/2014/08/chinese-and-american-gdp-forecasts.
12. U.S. China Business Council, China Economic Reform Scorecard, February 2015, https://www.uschina.org/reports/china-economic-reform-scorecard-february-2015 (the reviews are published four times a year); Dan Blumenthal and Derek Scissors, “China’s Great Stagnation,” National Interest, October 16, 2017, http://nationalinterest.org/feature/chinas-great-stagnation-18073.
13. “China’s Outward Investment Tops $161 Billion in 2016,” Reuters, December 26, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-investment-idUSKBN14F07R.
14. Wayne Morrison, China’s Economic Conditions, CRS Report 33534 (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, June 26, 2012), 10–25.
15. Lampton, The Three Faces of Chinese Power, 88–101.
16. Robert Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War, 4th ed.
(Rowman & Littlefield, 2016), 64–65; Xu Hongcai, “Changing Trade Structure,” China Daily, January 28, 2013, 8; Liu Yantang, “Political Bureau Study Session: Seizing Initiative in International Competition,” Liaowang (Beijing) (June 6, 2005): 12–15; “China’s Reforms: The Second Long March,” Economist, December 11, 2008, http://www.economist.com/node/
12758848. Trade figures taken from the United Nations Comtrade database, http://comtrade.un.
org/db.
17. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 10; Xu Hongcai, “Changing Trade Structure”; Diao Ying, “Firms Urged to Diversify Export Markets,” China Daily, December 24, 2008, 1.
Notes
305
18. Wayne Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues, Issue Brief IB 91121 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, May 15, 2006), 1; Xu Hongcai,
“Changing Trade Structure”; “China’s Exports to US,” Geopolitical Futures, December 9, 2016, https://geopoliticalfutures.com/chinas-exports-to-the-us.
19. “Foreign Firms Dominate China’s Exports,” China Business, June 30, 2006, http://
www.taiwansecurity.org (accessed July 3, 2006); “Investment Overseas and Imports a Priority,” China Daily, December 8, 2006, 1; Morrison, China’s Economic Conditions (December 4, 2012), 10–11; Wayne Morrison, China’s Economic Rise, CRS Report 33534 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, October 21, 2015), 13.
20. Australian Parliamentary Library Research Service, Directions in China’s Foreign Relations: Implications for East Asia and Australia (Canberra: Parliamentary Library Research Brief 9: 2005–2006, December 5, 2005), 6–10.
21. Trade figures used in this section are from the United Nations Comtrade database, http://
comtrade.un.org/db.
22. Thomas Lum, Comparing Global Influence: China’s and the U.S. Diplomacy, Foreign Aid, Trade, and Investment in the Developing World, CRS Report RL34620 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, August 15, 2008), 46–47; “China Eclipses U.S. as Biggest Trading Nation Measured in Goods,” Bloomberg News, February 10, 2013, http://www.bloombergnews.com (accessed February 11, 2013).
23. “China’s Reforms”; Li Jiabao, “Export Woes Highlight Need for Change in Trade Structure,” China Daily, February 5, 2012, 13.
24. Lum, Comparing Global Influence, 46–47. Trade figures used in this section a
re from United Nations Comtrade database, http://comtrade.un.org/db.
25. Morrison, China’s Economic Conditions (December 4, 2012), 12; “China’s FDI Inflow Rises 4.1% in 2016,” China Daily, January 14, 2017, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/
2017-01/14/content_27953171.htm.
26. Randall Morck, Bernard Yeung, and Minyuan Zhao, “Perspectives on China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment” (working paper, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, August 2007).
27. Lum, Comparing Global Influence, 59.
28. Morrison, China’s Economic Rise, 17; “China’s Outward Investments Top $161 Billion in 2016.”
29. Fu Jing, “Be Bold in Expanding Overseas, Firms Told,” China Daily, December 23, 2008, 1; Yi Gang, “How to Implement the ‘Going Out’ Strategy,” Caixin, January 18, 2013, http://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/caixin-media/how-implement-going-out
-strategy (original accessed January 18, 2013).
30. Carol Lancaster, The Chinese Aid System (Washington, DC: Center for Global Development, June 2007); Bao Chang and Ding Qingfen, “No Hidden Strings Tied to Aid,” China Daily, April 27, 2011, 3.
31. Lum, Comparing Global Influence, 33–34.
32. Ibid.; Robert Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War, 4th ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016), 74.
33. Robert Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War, 3rd ed.
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012), 83–84, 94, 291, 311.
34. “China’s Financial Diplomacy: Rich but Rash,” Economist, January 31, 2015, http://
www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21641259-challenge-world-bank-and-imf-china-will-have-imitate-them-rich.
35. Wayne Morrison, China’s Economic Conditions, CRS Report RL33534 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, March 5, 2009), 17–19.
36. Robert G. Sutter and Chin-Hao Huang, “China-Southeast Asia: Economic Concerns Begin to Hit Home,” Comparative Connections 10, no. 4 (January 2009), http://cc.csis.org/
2009/01/economic-concerns-begin-hit-home.
37. Wang Xu, “Currency Crosses Borders,” China Daily, December 25, 2008, 1; “China Rolls Out Aid Package for ASEAN,” Xinhua, April 12, 2009, http://ww.xinhuanet.com (accessed April 15, 2009; site discontinued).
306
Notes
38. Susan Lawrence and David MacDonald, U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues, CRS Report RL41108 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, August 2, 2012), 24–25.
39. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 30–34.
40. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 2; Howard Schneider, “U.S. Trade Deficit Drops for 2012,” Washington Post, February 8, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.
com/business/economy/us-trade-deficit-drops-for-2012/2013/02/08/36dd01f0-7235-11e2-8b8d-e0b59a1b8e2a_story.html?utm_term=.e35e7f89dabe (accessed February 12, 2013); Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 10.
41. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 9–10.
42. “China Criticizes US Trade Protectionism Measures,” Xinhua, April 17, 2012, http://
www.globaltimes.cn/content/705258.shtml (accessed February 9, 2013).
43. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 3–8, 11–14.
44. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 3; Office of the United States Trade Representative, “The People’s Republic of China,” https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/
china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china (accessed July 20, 2017).
45. Discussed in Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 27–31.
46. See review of complaints in Schell and Shirk, US Policy toward China, 60–64.
47. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 27–29.
48. Schell and Shirk, US Policy toward China, 61.
49. This paragraph is taken from Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 40–41.
50. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 35.
51. Robert Sutter, Chinese Policy Priorities and Their Implications for the United States (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000), 11, 46, 53.
52. Robert Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008), 99.
53. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 16, 2006), 13–14; Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (June 3, 2009), 20; Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 29–30; Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 37–46.
54. U.S. Special Trade Representative, “Priority Watch List,” annual report, April 25, 2008, http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/asset_upload_file558_14870.pdf (accessed November 3, 2009).
55. Hearing on China: Intellectual Property Infringement, Indigenous Innovation Policies, and Framework for Measuring Effects on the U.S. Economy (testimony of Jeremie Waterman, senior director, Greater China, US Chamber of Commerce, before the US International Trade Commission, June 15, 2010).
56. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 42–46.
57. Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations (2008), 97.
58. Deepak Bhattasali, Shantong Li, and Will Martin, eds., China and the WTO (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2004).
59. David Barboza, “Trade Surplus Tripled in ’05, China Says,” New York Times, January 12, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/12/business/worldbusiness/trade-surplus-tripled-in-05-china-says.html (accessed January 12, 2006); Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 35–39.
60. Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations (2008), 76.
61. Cited in Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 46.
62. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 48.
63. Lawrence and MacDonald, U.S.-China Relations, 30–31.
64. William Pentland, “China Pulls Back Indigenous Innovation Policies,” Forbes, July 3, 2001, https://www.forbes.com/sites/williampentland/2011/07/03/china-pulls-back-indigenous-innovation-policies/#d61709d425c6 (accessed February 15, 2013).
65. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 26–28.
66. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 50–52; Donald Keyser, “President Obama’s Re-election: Outlook for U.S.-China Relations in the Second Term,” China
Notes
307
Policy Institute: Analysis (blog), November 12, 2012, http://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/
chinapolicyinstitute/2012/11/07.
67. Wayne Morrison, China’s Currency: A Summary of the Economic Issues, CRS Report RS21625 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, May 8, 2008); Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 40.
68. Rebecca Nelson, “Treasury’s Recent Report on Foreign Exchange Rate Policies,” CRS
Insight IN10601, cited in Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 50.
69. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 51.
70. Ibid.
71. “President Trump’s WSJ Interview: Highlights,” Wall Street Journal, April 12, 2017, http://www.wsj.com/podcasts/president-trump-wsj-interview-highlights/632F7842-135C-407A-AB30-6F6D7409F38B.html.
72. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (April 24, 2017), 19.
73. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 15; Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 18; Department of the Treasury, U.S. Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities as of December 31, 2015, October 2016, http://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/
shca2015_report.pdf.
74. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (June 3, 2009), 9; Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 17–20: Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 20.
75. Lawrence and MacDonald, U.S.-China Relations, 30.
76. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (November 29, 2012), 17.
; 77. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (May 21, 2012), 20–23.
78. Schell and Shirk, US Policy toward China, 60–61.
79. Claire Read, “U.S.-China Economic Relations: The Propeller Needs Oil” (Washington, DC: CSIS, August 27, 2015).
80. Hachigian, ed., Debating China, 28–42, 137–43.
81. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues (December 29, 2016), 54.
82. Schell and Shirk, US Policy toward China, 62–64.
83. “George W. Bush on Environment,” Issues 2000, http://www.issues2000.org/George_
W__Bush_Environment.htm (accessed November 3, 2009).
84. Robert Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War, 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 97–99.
85. Kenneth Lieberthal and David Sandalow, Overcoming Obstacles to U.S.-China Cooperation on Climate Change, John L. Thornton China Center Monograph Series Number 1 (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, January 2009).
86. Kerry Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, CRS Report R40457 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, March 17, 2009), 18–19.
87. Elizabeth Economy and Adam Segal, “The G-2 Mirage,” Foreign Affairs 88, no. 3
(May–June 2009): 14–23; Lawrence and MacDonald, U.S.-China Relations, 32–34.
88. Ibid.
89. Joanna I. Lewis, “China’s Strategic Priorities in International Climate Change Negotiations,” Washington Quarterly 31, no. 1 (Winter 2007–2008): 155–74; Joanna Lewis, “The State of U.S.-China Relations on Climate Change,” Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars China Environmental Series 11 (2010/2011): 7–47.
90. Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations (2012), 97–99.
91. Sutter, Chinese Policy Priorities, 188.
92. Elizabeth Economy, “China’s Environmental Challenge,” Current History (September 2005): 278–79; Sutter, Chinese Policy Priorities, 189.
93. Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations (2012), 98.
94. Te Kan, “Past Successes and New Goal,” China Daily, December 26, 2005–January 1, 2006, Supplement, 9.
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