George Lucas
Page 56
3. MOSW, 26.
4. Biskind, Easy Riders, 322.
5. COGL, 78.
6. Biskind, Easy Riders, 322.
7. Vallely, “The Empire Strikes Back and So Does George Lucas.”
8. MOSW, 7.
9. Stephen Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out,” American Film, April 1977.
10. See MOSW, 8–11.
11. MOSW, 9.
12. MOSW, 15.
13. MOSW, 50.
14. MOSW, 9–11.
15. Empire of Dreams.
16. Kline, GL Interviews, 44.
17. Vallely, “The Empire Strikes Back and So Does George Lucas.”
18. Pollock, Skywalking, 126.
19. Bob Thomas, “Lucas Fortune Changes,” Baltimore Sun, August 28, 1973.
20. MOSW, 12.
21. Jenkins, Empire Building, 43.
22. Paul Rosenfield, “Lucas: Film-Maker with the Force,” Los Angeles Times, June 5, 1977.
23. See Gene Siskel, “A Day with the ‘Smartest’ Film Mogul,” Chicago Tribune, April 9, 1978.
24. Farber, “George Lucas: The Stinky Kid Hits the Big Time.”
25. Jenkins, Empire Building, 46.
26. Ibid., 39.
27. MOSW, 13.
28. Paul Scanlon, “George Lucas Wants to Play Guitar as ‘Star Wars’ Takes a Vacation,” Rolling Stone, July 21, 1983.
29. MOSW, 12–13.
30. MOSW, 12.
31. Kline, GL Interviews, 81.
32. Jenkins, Empire Building, 47.
33. Empire of Dreams.
34. Biskind, Easy Riders, 320.
35. Vallely, “The Empire Strikes Back and So Does George Lucas.”
36. Mary Murphy, “Radioland by Graffiti Team,” Los Angeles Times, September 27, 1973.
37. MOSW, 14.
38. MOSW, 14.
39. Biskind, Easy Riders, 253.
40. Klemesrud, “‘Graffiti’ Is the Story of His Life.”
41. Kline, GL Interviews, 80.
42. MOSW, 8; and see page 17 for Lucas’s handwritten notes.
43. Charles Lippincott, quoted in Jim Hoagland, “The Politics of Star Wars,” Washington Post, December 11, 1977.
44. Spellings are consistent with those in Lucas’s first rough draft, May 1974. See MOSW, 19–22.
45. MOSW, 24.
46. Laurent Bouzereau, Star Wars: The Annotated Screenplays (New York: Ballantine, 1997), 10.
47. Lee Grant, “Lucas: Feet on Ground, Head in the Stars,” Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1977.
48. MOIJ, 16–17.
49. Pollock, Skywalking, 142, 147.
50. Flying Solo.
51. Farber, “George Lucas: The Stinky Kid Hits the Big Time.”
52. Biskind, Easy Riders, 255–56.
53. MOSW, 25.
54. Empire of Dreams.
55. Flying Solo.
56. Cowie, Coppola, 121.
57. Vallely, “The Empire Strikes Back and So Does George Lucas.”
58. Scanlon, “George Lucas Wants to Play Guitar.”
59. Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out.”
60. Vallely, “The Empire Strikes Back and So Does George Lucas.”
61. Kline, GL Interviews, 80.
62. Empire of Dreams.
63. Biskind, Easy Riders, 320–21.
64. Aljean Harmetz, “And It Almost Didn’t Get to the Screen,” New York Times, May 26, 1977.
65. Kline, GL Interviews.
66. Empire of Dreams.
67. Arnold, “Chalking ‘Graffiti’ Up to Experience.”
68. MOSW, 36.
69. Jason DeBord, “World Exclusive Interview with Colin Cantwell,” Original Prop blog, November 13, 2013, http://www.originalprop.com/blog/2014/11/13/colin-cantwell-video-interviews-star-wars-prototype-models-nasa/.
70. Empire of Dreams.
71. Angela Watercutter, “Star Wars Conceptual Artist Ralph McQuarrie Dies at 82,” Wired, March 4, 2012.
72. MOSW, 32.
73. Empire of Dreams.
74. Ibid.
75. Flying Solo.
76. See Adventures of the Starkiller summary in MOSW, 27–30.
77. MOSW, 42.
78. Jenkins, Empire Building, 62–63.
79. “George Lucas Was More Than a Director for Star Wars,” Baltimore Sun, July 7, 1977.
80. Jenkins, Empire Building, 63.
81. “Exclusive Star Wars Interview with John Dykstra,” Fantasy Film Journal 1, no. 1 (Winter 1977). Reproduced at http://originaltrilogy.com/topic/John-Dykstra-Interview-Circa-July-1977/id/12285.
82. Ibid.
83. MOSW, 50.
84. MOSW, 51.
85. “Exclusive Star Wars Interview with John Dykstra.”
86. Alex French and Howie Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory: The Definitive Oral History of ILM, the Special Effects Powerhouse that Revolutionized Moviemaking and Changed Entertainment Forever,” Wired, June 2015.
87. Empire of Dreams.
88. French and Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory.”
89. “Exclusive Star Wars Interview with John Dykstra.”
90. Empire of Dreams.
91. MOSW, 80.
92. MOSW, 51.
93. MOSW, 53.
94. MOSW, 51.
95. French and Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory.”
96. COGL, 6.
97. Biskind, Easy Riders, 278.
98. MOSW, 49.
99. MOSW, 59.
100. MOSW, 94.
101. Biskind, Easy Riders, 324.
102. Ibid.
103. MOSW, 67.
104. Empire of Dreams.
105. MOSW, 67.
106. Pollock, Skywalking, 151.
107. Ibid., 150.
108. Ibid., 151.
109. It was a practice that would cause some controversy for Nunn—and others—several years later, when she appeared in Penthouse magazine at age sixteen.
110. Jenkins, Empire Building, 79.
111. MOSW, 101.
112. Jenkins, Empire Building, 80.
113. MOSW, 102.
114. Flying Solo.
115. Hamill’s screen test—as well as Fisher’s and Ford’s—can be seen at various sites online and are well worth watching.
116. MOSW, 103.
117. MOSW, 104.
118. Flying Solo.
119. MOSW, 95, 124.
120. Empire of Dreams.
121. MOSW, 95.
122. Pollock, Skywalking, 152.
123. Empire of Dreams.
124. Piers Paul Read, Alec Guinness: The Authorised Biography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003).
125. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 229.
126. Read, Alec Guinness, 503.
127. Ibid., 504.
128. Pollock, Skywalking, 153.
129. Jeremy Skinger, “The Man Who Literally Built Star Wars,” Esquire.com, May 4, 2014.
130. MOSW, 54.
131. Alexis C. Madrigal, “The Remarkable Way Chewbacca Got a Voice,” The Atlantic.com, August 7, 2014.
132. MOSW, 56.
133. J. W. Rinzler, The Sounds of Star Wars (San Francisco: Chronicle, 2010), 9.
134. “Star Wars: The Hit Film and How It Was Put Together,” Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph, August 27, 1977.
135. MOSW, 54.
136. See Lucas’s acceptance speech, AFI Tribute to George Lucas, June 9, 2005.
137. Empire of Dreams.
138. MOSW, 124.
139. Pollock, Skywalking, 154.
140. Rosenfield, “Lucas: Film-Maker with the Force.”
141. MOSW, 82.
142. See Jenkins, Empire Building, 39–40.
143. Vallely, “The Empire Strikes Back and So Does George Lucas.”
144. MOSW, 85.
145. MOSW, 89.
146. MOSW, 124.
147. MOSW, 124.
148. Jenkins, Empire Building, 74.
149. MOSW, 94.
150. COGL, 98.
151. MOSW, 107.
>
152. MOSW, 111.
153. MOSW, 132.
154. MOSW, 84.
Chapter 7: “I Have a Bad Feeling About This”
1. Paul Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars,” Rolling Stone, August 25, 1977.
2. Pollock, Skywalking, 160.
3. Creating an Empire.
4. Read, Alec Guinness, 505.
5. MOSW, 166.
6. Ibid.
7. Read, Alec Guinness, 504.
8. Quoted in MOSW, 174.
9. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
10. Pollock, Skywalking, 168.
11. Alex French and Howie Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory,” Wired, June 2015.
12. Claire Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician: George Lucas and Star Wars,” Ecran, September 15, 1977.
13. Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out.”
14. Kline, GL Interviews, 81.
15. MOSW, 141.
16. MOSW, 143.
17. Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician.”
18. MOSW, 160, 164.
19. Pollock, Skywalking, 162.
20. Creating an Empire.
21. MOSW, 174.
22. Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out.”
23. O’Quinn, “The George Lucas Saga.”
24. Creating an Empire.
25. John Seabrook, “Letter from Skywalker Ranch: Why Is the Force Still with Us?” The New Yorker, January 6, 1997.
26. Robert L. Rose, “Career Comes on Silver Platter for Mark Hamill,” Salt Lake City Tribune, June 12, 1977.
27. MOSW, 148.
28. Pollock, Skywalking, 165.
29. Jenkins, Empire Building, 116.
30. MOSW, 188.
31. MOSW, 188.
32. Empire of Dreams.
33. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 231.
34. Chris Hastings, “Anxious He Was… Revealed: Why George Lucas Was Convinced His Star Wars Dream Would Be a Flop,” MailOnline (London), May 17, 2014.
35. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 127.
36. Empire of Dreams.
37. MOSW, 177.
38. “George Lucas: Heroes, Myths, and Magic,” American Masters, PBS, March 17, 1993.
39. Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out.”
40. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
41. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 183.
42. Empire of Dreams.
43. MOSW, 185.
44. Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician.”
45. MOSW, 182.
46. John Dykstra, “VFX Then and Now,” CreativeCow.net, 2013, https://library.creativecow.net/kaufman_debra/VFX_John-Dykstra/1.
47. MOSW, 189.
48. Pollock, Skywalking, 169.
49. MOSW, 190.
50. MOSW, 146.
51. Creating an Empire.
52. Pollock, Skywalking, 168.
53. Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out.”
54. Pollock, Skywalking, 168.
55. Biskind, Easy Riders, 327.
56. MOSW, 196.
57. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
58. MOSW, 208.
59. Empire of Dreams.
60. Ibid.
61. Biskind, Easy Riders, 329–30.
62. O’Quinn, “The George Lucas Saga.”
63. MOSW, 218.
64. French and Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory”; Creating an Empire.
65. Pollock, Skywalking, 173.
66. Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out.”
67. MOSW, 223.
68. Dykstra, “VFX Then and Now.”
69. Robbie Blalack, quoted in MOSW, 228.
70. French and Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory.”
71. MOSW, 97.
72. Creating an Empire.
73. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
74. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 94.
75. Zito, “George Lucas Goes Far Out.”
76. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
77. MOSW, 255.
78. French and Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory.”
79. Empire of Dreams.
80. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
81. Biskind, Easy Riders, 330.
82. Aljean Harmetz, “Star Wars Robots Gaining Stardom,” Des Moines Register, June 15, 1977.
83. Ibid.
84. Aljean Harmetz, “Inside C3PO and His Sidekick R2D2,” Chicago Tribune, June 24, 1977.
85. Ibid.
86. Empire of Dreams.
87. Frank Lovece, “Fast Chat: James Earl Jones,” Newsday, March 12, 2008. His name would appear in the credits starting with The Empire Strikes Back.
88. MOSW, 246.
89. MOSW, 247.
90. Empire of Dreams.
91. Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician.”
92. Empire of Dreams.
93. Flying Solo.
94. Biskind, Easy Riders, 334.
95. MOSW, 256.
96. Biskind, Easy Riders, 334.
97. MOSW, 256.
98. Creating an Empire.
99. Empire of Dreams.
100. Jon Burlingame, “Spielberg and Lucas on Williams,” Film Music Society, February 8, 2012, http://www.filmmusicsociety.org/news_events/features/2012/020812.html.
101. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
102. Kline, GL Interviews, 82.
103. MOSW, 272.
104. Donald Goddard, “From ‘American Graffiti’ to Outer Space,” New York Times, September 12, 1976.
105. Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician.”
106. Ed Gross, “Retrovision Exclusive: The Selling of Star Wars, Part 1,” ComicBookMovie.com, September 11, 2011.
107. “When Movie Becomes a Hit, It Can Make Book Best Seller,” Lincoln Star (Neb.), July 10, 1977.
108. Gross, “Retrovision Exclusive.”
109. Biskind, Easy Riders, 335.
110. Empire of Dreams.
111. MOSW, 288, 289.
112. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 95.
113. COGL, 110.
114. MOSW, 290.
115. COGL, 110.
116. MOSW, 293.
Chapter 8: Striking Back
1. Pollock, Skywalking, 185.
2. MOSW, 293–94.
3. Lee Grant, “‘Star Wars’ Out of This World,” Los Angeles Times, June 4, 1977.
4. Karen de Witt, “The Movie That Ate Cleveland Park,” Washington Post, June 23, 1977.
5. “Queues for Star Wars Are Creating Havoc in the Street,” Los Angeles Times, July 30, 1977.
6. Greg Conroy, “Moviegoers Are ‘Spacy’ over ‘Star Wars,’” Bloomington Pantagraph (Ill.), November 27, 1977.
7. Pollock, Skywalking, 182.
8. “Star Wars Sends Audiences Wild,” Waukesha Daily Freeman (Wis.), June 6, 1977.
9. Bob Thomas, “Star Wars: New Force in Films,” Los Angeles Times, August 12, 1977.
10. See Erma Bombeck, “At Wit’s End: ‘Star Wars’ Line Inspires Heroism,” Baltimore Sun, September 18, 1977.
11. Conroy, “Moviegoers Are ‘Spacy’ over ‘Star Wars.’”
12. A. D. Murphy, “Review: ‘Star Wars,’” Variety, May 25, 1977.
13. Charles Champlin, “‘Star Wars’ Hails the Once and Future Space Western,” Los Angeles Times, May 22, 1977.
14. Jay Cocks, “Cinema: ‘Star Wars’: The Year’s Best Movie,” Time, May 30, 1977.
15. Gary Arnold, “Star Wars: A Spectacular Intergalactic Joyride,” Washington Post, May 25, 1977.
16. Vincent Canby, “‘Star Wars’—A Trip to a Far Galaxy That’s Fun and Funny,” New York Times, May 26, 1977.
17. Gene Siskel, “‘Star Wars’ Flashes with Space Wizardry,” Chicago Tribune, May 27, 1977.
18. “Director George Lucas Lost to the Stars,” Playground Daily News (Fort Walton Beach, Fla.), May 29, 1977.
19. Joy Gould Boyum, “The Triumph of Camp,” Wall Street Journal, June 6, 1977.
20. See Pete Hamill, “Sta
r Wars: Dumb Good Times Here Again?” Chicago Tribune, June 8, 1977.
21. Walter Bremond, “Star Wars and Blacks,” New Journal and Guide, October 1, 1977.
22. Bernard E. Garnett, “Racism Mars ‘Star Wars’ Brilliance: Slave-Like Robots Call Owner ‘Master’ & Accept Discrimination,” Afro-American, June 25, 1977.
23. Quoted in Dorothy Gilliam, “The Black Heavies: What Do Today’s Most Notorious Bad Guys Have in Common?” Washington Post, September 11, 1977.
24. Ibid.
25. See “More ‘Star Wars’ Skirmishes,” Los Angeles Times, July 31, 1977.
26. See, for example, James Robison, “‘Star Wars’ Called a Biblical Remake,” Chicago Tribune, September 24, 1977.
27. John Dart, “Star Wars: Religious Impact in Parable Form,” Los Angeles Times, May 1, 1978.
28. Ellen Goodman, “A Star Wars Fantasy Fulfillment,” Washington Post, July 30, 1977.
29. “In ‘Star Wars’… George Lucas Brings Space Fantasy to Life,” Kentucky New Era, July 5, 1977.
30. Siskel, “‘Star Wars’ Flashes with Space Wizardry.”
31. Bruce McCabe, “Star Wars Is a Blockbuster,” Boston Globe, May 26, 1977.
32. “Fox’s ‘Star Wars’ Heads for Hyper Space: First Day B.O., 255G; House Records Tumble,” Variety, May 26, 1977.
33. MOSW, 295.
34. MOSW, 295.
35. Champlin, George Lucas, 79.
36. MOIJ, 19.
37. Champlin, George Lucas, 79.
38. Kaufman, who bickered with leading man Clint Eastwood, would lose this job almost immediately when he was removed from the director’s chair by Eastwood, who opted to direct the movie himself.
39. Champlin, George Lucas, 79.
40. MOSW, 306.
41. “The Star Wars Phenomenon,” People, July 18, 1977.
42. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 183.
43. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars”; Lee Grant, “Lucas: Feet on Ground, Head in the Stars,” Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1977.
44. Vallely, “The Empire Strikes Back and So Does George Lucas.”
45. George Lucas and Robert Redford, The Power of Story: Visions of Independence at 2015 Sundance Film Festival, January 29, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YX-9QCkwHiI.
46. Biskind, Easy Riders, 321.
47. J. W. Rinzler, The Making of Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (New York: Del Rey, 2010), 10 (hereafter MOESB).
48. Pollock, Skywalking, 199.
49. Biskind, Easy Riders, 341.
50. Robert Kerwin, “A Down-to-Earth Mark Hamill,” Chicago Tribune, December 18, 1977.
51. Eric Dodds, “George Lucas Lost a $40 Million Bet to Steven Spielberg over Star Wars,” Time.com, March 31, 2014.
52. MOESB, 52.
53. French and Kahn, “Inside the Magic Factory.”
54. Pollock, Skywalking, 198.
55. Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician.”