Sisters in Spirit: Iroquois Influence on Early Feminists
Page 11
, Woman, Church and State, Chicago: Charles Kerr, 1893; reprint ed., Aberdeen, South Dakota: Sky Carrier Press, 1998.
_____________, “Woman in the Early Christian Church,” Report of the International Council of Women, Assembled by the National Woman Suffrage Association... 1888. Washington, D.C.: Rufus H. Darby, 1888, pp. 400-407.
______________, Woman’s Rights Catechism, The (Fayetteville, N.Y.) Weekly Recorder, 27 July 1871.
Hale, Horatio, [ed.], The Iroquois Book of Rights. Philadelphia: D.G. Brinton, 1883; reprint ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963.
Hewitt, J. N. B., “Status of Women in Iroquois Polity before 1784” in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for 1932 . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933, pp. 475-488.
Johnson, Elias, Legends, Traditions and Laws of the Iroquois.Lockport, New York: Union Printing and Publishing Co., 1881.
Lucifer the Light Bearer, 13 March 1885.
Marcellus Observer, 8 July 1949.
Minor vs. Happersett, 53 Mo., 58, and 21 Wallace, 162, 1874.
Morgan, Lewis Henry, League of the Ho-De-No-Sau-Neeor Iroquois. Herbert M. Lloyd [ed.]. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1904.
“My Daughter,” The (New York) Revolutian, 22 January 1868.
Myrtle, Minnie, The Iroquois; or, The Bright Side of Indian Character. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1855.
New Northwest, (Portland, Oregon), 8 March 1872.
New York Herald, 5 November 1905. Iroquois collection, Onondaga Historical Association, Syracuse, N.Y.
Onondaga Standard, I 1 October 1890. Clipping File, Onondaga Historical Association, Syracuse, New York. Iroquois collection, Onondaga Historical Association, Syracuse, N.Y.
Onondaga Standard, 8 January 1946. Ibid.
Owen, Robert Dale, Free Enquirer Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 406; Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 200-201; Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 293-294; Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 155, 264; Vol. 3, No. 1, p. 112.
__________, “The Moral Physiology” in BirthControl and Morality in Nineteenth Century America:Two Discussions. New York: Arno Press, 1972.
Paine, Tom, “Occasional Letter on the Female Sex,” Pennsylvania Magazine,March 1775.
Parker, Arthur C., The Life of General Ely S. Parker. Buffalo, New York: Buffalo Historical Society, 1919, quoted in “Her Word Was Law, Excerpts from Parker,” Indian Roots of American Democracy, Vol. IV, No. 4, Winter 1887, p. 70.
____________, “Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants,” Education Department Bulletin, No. 482, November 1, 1910. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1910.
___________, “Woman’s Rights in America Five Hundred Years Ago,” Albany Press, 11 April 1909.
Report of the International Council of Women . . . 1888. Washington, D.C.: Rufus H. Darby, Printer, 1888, pp. 237-241.
“Report of the Proceedings of the Mississippi Bar Association, January 6, 1891,” printed in The Albany Law Journal, 5 March 1892.
Resolution adopted by the National Woman Suffrage Association Convention, January, 1878, in The National Citizen and Ballot Box, August 1878.
The Revolution(New York), 14 January 1869.
Schoolcraft, Henry R., Notes on the Iroquois. New York: Bartlett & Welford, 1846.
Seaver, James. E., A Narrative of the life of Mrs. Mary Jemison, Who was taken by the Indians, in the year 1755, when only about twelve years of age, and has continued to reside amongst them to the present time. J.D. Bemis & Co., 1824.
Shenandoah, Audrey. Speech at The Elizabeth Cady Stanton Annual Birthday Tea, 10 November 1991, Gould Hotel, Seneca Falls, New York. Sponsored by the Elizabeth Cady Stanton Foundation.
Should Women Vote? Important Affirmative Authority, N.p.: Equal Rights Association, n.d.
Skaneateles (New York) Democrat, 10 April 1883.
Smith, Carroll E., Syracuse ,Village and City, Local History Leaflet No. 16. Syracuse, New York: Onondaga Historical Association, October 1897.
Smith, Erminnie A., Myths oft he Iroquois,U. S. Bureau of American Ethnology, 2nd Annual Report, 1880-1881. Washington, D.C.: 1883; reprint ed. Ohsweken, Ontario, Canada: Iroqrafts, 1994.
Snyderman, George S., “Behind the Tree of Peace: A Sociological Analysis of Iroquois Warfare,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1948.
Spencer, Herbert, Descriptive Sociology of England. London: Williams and Morgate, [1873].
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, “Blessing” in Margaret Stanton Lawrence “Reminiscences.” Stanton Collection, Vassar College Library, Poughkeepsie, New York.
____________, Letter to Lucretia Mott, 19 July 1876, quoted in History of Woman Suffrage Vol. 3, pp. 45-47.
____________, Letters to Sara Underwood, 19 October 1889 and 9 May 1889. Stanton Papers, Special Collections, Vassar College Libraries, Poughkeepsie, New York.
____________, “If You Would be Vigorous and Healthy” in M. L. Holbrook, M.D., “Parturition Without Pain,” appendix to George H. Napheys, The Physical Life of Woman:Advice to the Maiden, Wife and Mother. New York: M.A. Donohue and Company, 1927, pp. 365-366.
________________, “Elizabeth Cady Stanton on Socialism.” Chicago: The Progressive Woman, 1898.
_______________, Susan B. Anthony and Matilda Joslyn Gage, History of Woman Suffrage Vol. 1, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1881; Vol. 2, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1882; Vol. 3, Rochester: Susan B. Anthony, 1886; reprint ed., Salem, New Hampshire: Ayer Company Publishers, Inc., 1985.
____________, “The Matriarchate or Mother-Age,” National Council of Women of the United States, Rachel Foster Avery [ed.], Transactions of the National Council Women of the United States, Assembled in Washington, February 22 to 25, 1891.Philadelphia, Pa.: 1891, pp. 218- 227. Stanton-Anthony Papers 28:1013-1017. Also published in The National Bulletin1, February 1891.
____________, The Woman’s Bible.New York: European Publishing Company: 1895; reprint ed., Seattle: Coalition Task Force on Women and Religion, 1974.
Stanton, Henry B, Random Recollections.New York: MacGowan and Slipper, 1886.
The State vs. Jesse Black,Supreme Court of North Carolina, Raleigh. 60 N.C. 266; 1864.
Stern, Bernhard J., “The letter of Asher Wright to Lewis Henry Morgan,” American Anthropologist 35, 1933.
Stone, William L., The Life and Times of Red Jacket or Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha; Being the Sequel tothe History of the Six Nations. New York and London: Wiley and Putnam, 1841.
Syracuse Journal, 10 January 1866.
Tehanetorens (Ray Fadden) to Sally Roesch Wagner, 23, November 1988. Personal Communication in collection of the author.
_________________, “Wampum Belts,” Six Nations Museum, Onchiota, New York, n.d.; reprint ed. Ontario, Canada: Iroqrafts, Ltd., 1983.
Turner, Orsamus, Pioneer History of the accountof the Holland Purchase of Western New York. Buffalo: Geo. H. Derby and Co., 1850.
Vivian, John, “The Three Sisters: the nutritional balancing act of the Americas,” Mother Earth News, February/March 2001, p. 50-53, 114.
Wagner, Sally Roesch, “The Iroquois Confederacy: a Native American Model for Non-sexist Men,” Changing Men19 (Spring/Summer 1988): 32-34.
___________, A Time of Protest: Suffragists Challenge The Republic 1870-1887. Aberdeen, S.Dak.: Sky Carrier Press, 1992.
Wallace, Minor vs. Happersett, 53 Mo., 58, and 21 Wallace, 162, 1874.
Yawger, Rose N., The Indian and the Pioneer:An Historical Study. Syracuse, New York: C.W. Bardeen, 1893.
Artist Credits
Page 5 Sally Roesch Wagner with grandson Tanner. Photo by Linda Roesch.
Page 9 Longhouse and the Tree of Peace. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 12 Mohawk holding wampum strings. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 21 Elizabeth Cady Stanton. History of Woman Suffrage Vol. 1, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1881; Vol. 2, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1882; Vol. 3, Rochester: Susan B
. Anthony, 1886; reprint ed., Salem, New Hampshire: Ayer Company Publishers, Inc., 1985.
Page 25 Haudenosaunee family and longhouse. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 27 Woman makes offering. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 29 Iroquois woman and tree. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 31 War chief holding woman’s nominating belt. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 33 Three generations of the Wolf Clan. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 40 Matilda Joslyn Gage. Collection of Sally Roesch Wagner.
Page 41 Corseted and ornamental non-persons in the eyes of the law. Godey’s Lady’s Book, June 1855.
Page 42 Lucretia Mott. History of Woman Suffrage Vol. 1, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1881; Vol. 2, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1882; Vol. 3, Rochester: Susan B. Anthony, 1886; reprint ed., Salem, New Hampshire: Ayer Company Publishers, Inc., 1985.
Page 43 Bloomers on an American woman. “The New Costume,” The Lily, July 1851.
Page 43 Carolyn Mountpleasant, a Seneca woman, in traditional dress. “Gä-Hah-No, a Seneca Indian Girl in the costume of the Iroquois.” From Lewis Henry Morgan, League of the Ho-De-No-Sau-Nee or Iroquois. 1901 edition.
Page 46 Woman of the Beaver Clan. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 47 Family lineage traditionally was reckoned through mother. Pictograph represents John Fadden—Turtle Clan, Eva—Wolf Clan, and two of their sons, Don and Dave—Wolf Clan. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 52 Mother Earth, Creator of Life. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 54 “And when’er some lucky maiden.” Artist unknown. From Harriet S. Caswell, Our Life Among the Iroquois Indians, 1892.
Page 55 Ducks. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 60 Western women... [from] sacred creators of life-giving food to kitchen drudges. Drawing of the arrangement of the kitchen. From the first edition of The American Woman’s Home, 1869.
Page 62 Iroquois woman cooking. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 70 Matilda Joslyn Gage. History of Woman Suffrage Vol. 1, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1881; Vol. 2, New York: Fowler and Wells, 1882; Vol. 3, Rochester: Susan B. Anthony, 1886; reprint ed., Salem, New Hampshire: Ayer Company Publishers, Inc., 1985.
Page 88 The emblem of power worn by the Sachem is a deer’s antlers. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 91 We are left to answer for our women, who are to conclude what ought to be done by both Sachems and warriors. “Red Jacket, Sagoyawatha.” Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 96 Woman stands behind fire. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Page 116 Feather. Artist Kahionhes (John Fadden), Turtle Clan, Mohawk nation. By permission of the artist.
Index
Adams, Abigail
Adams, John
agriculture
Akwesasne Mohawk Counselor Organization
Algonquin
Alleghany reservation
Allen, Paula Gunn
American Revolution
anarchy
Anthony, Susan B.
arrest and trial
birth control
civil disobedience
National Woman Suffrage Association
woman’s suffrage
Aztecs
battering, marital
beans
Beauchamp family
Beauchamp, Mary Elizabeth
Beauchamp, William
birth control, criminalization of
Blackstone
Bloomer
Bancroft, Hon. George
Borglum, Emma
Burnham, Carrie S.
Burr, Hattie
Canandaigua
canon law
capitalism
Cattaraugus
Cayuga
Cherokee
Child, Lydia Maria
childbirth
children “in sorrow thou...
as property
as clan members
custody of,
Native
oppression of
protection of
rights of
unwelcome
church
and freedom
and slavery
on marital rape
and woman’s rights
civil disobedience
civil rights
clan mothers
clan, matrilineal
Clinton, Gen. James
Clinton, Governor DeWitt
Code of Handsome Lake
common law
Comstock Law
consensus
Converse, Harriet Maxwell
Cook, Julius
cooking
Corbin, Hannah Lee
corn
Cornplanter, Chief
Council of Matrons
Crow Creek reservation
Dakota, Nation
Dewasenta (Alice Papineau)
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Rights of Women
Declaration of Sentiments
democracy
to all groups
Christian opposition to
Haudenosaunee and
representative
divorce
Haudenosaunee
Dvorak, Anton
Dwight, Timothy
Eaton, Harriet Phillips
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Foundation
Engels, Frederick
equality
examples of
Haudenosaunee
human
and language
natural
origins of
principal of
woman’s
Fadden, Ray (Tehanetorens)
feminism see also suffrage, vote, Stanton—revolutionary theory
challenge of
foundations of
origins ,
community
contemporary
1970s
spirit
terminology
theory
Vindication of the Rights of Women
vision
Five Nations Confederacy see also
Haudenosaunee, Iroquois,
Onondaga, Mohawk, Seneca,
and Six Nations Confederacy
Fletcher, Alice
freedom
enemies of
intellectual
movement
political
religious
safety
spiritual
surging in their veins
true
woman’s
French fur trappers
French observers
Fugitive Slave Act
Gage, Matilda Joslyn
arrested for voting
citations
vision
“Do You Love Corn?”
“regenerated world”
Anthony’s arrest and trial
capitalism
child custody
disenchantment
employment equality
formative role in feminist theory
Haudenosaunee
influences
nation sovereignty
National Woman Suffrage Association
Five Nations Confederacy
organized religion-
place in history
pudding
recipe
respect of Native ways
Six Nations Confederacy
society
Sorosis
state
tribes and nations
war
Wolf clan