38. See her letter of October 1901: RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 349, p. 4.
39. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, letter to Stalin, December 1932: RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 471.
40. M. Gor’kii, ‘Vladimir Lenin’, Russkii sovremennik, no. 1, 1924, p. 241.
41. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Aleksandre Il’iche Ul’yanove’, in OVILiSU, p. 34.
42. Ye. K. Makarova, draft memoir, RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 350, p. 2.
43. Visit to the Gorki sanatorium, December 1998, where memorabilia of the Ulyanov family are conserved.
2. Childhood in Simbirsk
1. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Il’iche’, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 19.
2. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Stranichki iz zhizni Vladimira Il’icha’ [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 81, p. 21.
3. ibid.
4. ibid.
5. Draft addition to A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Detskie i shkol’nye gody Vladimira Il’icha’, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 77, p. 1.
6. ibid.
7. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Stranichki iz zhizni Vladimira Il’icha’ [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 81, p. 28.
8. This physical defect was a state secret in the Soviet period. I gleaned it from the consultation notes of Prof. L. I. Darkevich, who treated Lenin on 4 March 1922: RTsKhIDNI, fond 16, op. 3c, d. 6.
9. M. I. Averbakh, ‘Vospominaniya o V. I. Lenine’, VoVIL, vol. 8, p. 273.
10. A. I. Ulyanova–Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 27.
11. D. I. Ul’yanov, ‘Detskie gody Vladimira Il’icha’, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 126.
12. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Stranichki iz zhizni Vladimira Il’icha’ [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 81, p. 23.
13. ibid.
14. V. Alekseev and A. Shver, Sem’ya Ul’yanovykh, p. 34.
15. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Stranichki iz zhizni Vladimira Il’icha’ [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 81, pp. 23 and 26.
16. V. L. Persiyaninov, Lenin’s school contemporary, as recorded in V. Alekseev and A. Shver, Sem’ya Ulyanovykh, p. 41.
17. ibid.
18. ibid., pp. 35 and 37.
19. G. Ya. Lozgachëv-Yelizarov, Nezabyvaemoe, p. 132.
20. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Aleksandre Il’iche Ul’yanove’, in OVILiSU, p. 29.
21. V. Kalashnikov, ‘Iz vospominanii domashnego uchitelya detei Il’i Nikolaevicha Ul’yanova’, in A. I. Ul’yanova (ed.), Aleksandr Il’ich Ul’yanov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., p. 276.
22. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Aleksandre Il’iche Ul’yanove’, in OVILiSU, p. 39.
23. ibid.
24. ibid., p. 27. It ought to be added that she did once refer to her father as ‘beastly Papa!’. But even then she did not think it wrong for her brother Alexander to scold her for the remark: ibid., p. 33.
25. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, pp. 40–1.
26. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin.
27. N. Hans, History of Russian Educational Policy p. 118.
28. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 196, n. 1.
29. V. Alekseev and A. Shver, Sem’ya Ul’yanovykh, p. 25.
30. ibid.
31. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 117.
32. D. I. Ul’yanov, ‘V gimnazii’, RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 78, p. 2; A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, draft notes in RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 83, p. 6.
33. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, Detskie i shkol’nye gody Il’icha, pp. 22–3.
34. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 33.
35. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, draft note written later than 1922, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 52, p. 1.
36. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Il’iche’, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 22.
37. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 211.
38. ibid., p. 182.
39. ibid., p. 187.
40. D. I. Ul’yanov, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 127.
41. D. I. Ul’yanov, Ocherki raznykh god (1974), pp. 153–4.
42. Anna Ilinichna’s Wagner scores are kept at the Lenin Museum in Gorki.
43. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 136.
44. I am grateful to the Director of RTsKhIDNI, Prof. K. M. Anderson, for showing me this postcard in June 1993.
45. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 72.
46. V. Alekseev and A. Shver, Sem’ya Ul’yanovykh, p. 38.
47. N. G. Nefedev in ibid.
3. Deaths in the Family
1. A. I. Ul’yanova, letter to Shidlovskii about her father, probably written in March 1921, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 51.
2. Zh. Trofimov, Ulyanovy, pp. 37, 40 and 42.
3. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Aleksandre Il’iche Ul’yanove’, in OVILiSU, p. 37.
4. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Il’ya Nikolaevich Ul’yanov, p. 246.
5. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova (ed.), Aleksandr Il’ich Ul’yanov i delo 1 marta 1887 g.
6. PSU, p. 28.
7. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 54.
8. Although it was ice-bound, the Volga was still usable by sledges; but the journey was still a rather difficult one.
9. M. I. Ul’yanova, Otets Vladimira Il’icha Lenina Il’ya Nikolaevich Ul’yanov, p. 68.
10. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, Aleksandr Il’ich Ul’yanov, pp. 84–5.
11. V. Alekseev and A. Shver, Sem’ya Ul’yanovykh, p. 24.
12. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, pp. 231–3.
13. A. Il Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, Aleksandr Il’ich Ul’yanov, pp. 85–6.
14. D. I. Ul’yanov, Ocherki raznykh god, p. 54.
15. A. I. Ul’yanov-Yelizarova, Aleksandr Il’ich Ul’yanov, pp. 94–6.
16. ibid.
17. E. Acton, chapter 7 in R. Bartlett (ed.), Russian Thought and Society, 1800–1917; R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 1, chapter 2.
18. R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 1, pp. 40–2.
19. PSU, p. 36.
20. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 301.
21. V. Alekseev and A. Shver, Sem’ya Ul’yanovykh, p. 54.
4. The Ploughing of the Mind
1. V. V. Kashkadamova in Bakinskii rabochii, 21 January 1926.
2. Lenin i Simbirsk. Dokumenty, materialy, vospominaniya, pp. 65–7.
3. M. I. Ul’yanova, OVILiSU, p. 261.
4. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 294.
5. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 69.
6. M. I. Ul’yanova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 193.
7. M. I. Ul’yanova, ‘Kak? Beluyu tetradku chërnymi nitkami’, OVILiSU, p. 46.
8. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 29.
9. ibid., p. 27.
10. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 28.
11. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 242.
12. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘O zhizni Vladimira Il’icha Ul’yanova-Lenina v Kazani (1887–89 gg.)’, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 285.
13. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 294.
14. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, undated draft note, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 52, p. 7.
15. D. I. Ul’yanov in Uchitel’skaya gazeta, 14 February 1963: see A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 328.
16. A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, p. 367.
17. ibid., pp. 373–4.
18. P. D. Shestakov, ‘Studencheskie volneniya v Kazani v 1887 g.’, Russkaya starina, no. 6, 1892, p. 522.
19. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Stranichki iz zhizni Vladimira Il’icha’ [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 81, p. 31.
20. A. Arosev, ‘Pervyi shag’, LS, vol. 2, pp. 439–40; A. Ivanskii (ed.), Molodoi Lenin, pp. 397–8.
21. Anna Ilinichna Ul’yanova to Lenin, 8 December 1922; letter: RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 43, p. 2.
22. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p.
304.
23. PSS, vol. 1, p. 552.
24. ibid., p. 553.
25. KA, no. 1, 1934, p. 67.
26. BKh, vol. 1, p. 39.
27. PSS, vol. 45, p. 324.
28. N. Ye. Fedoseev, Stat’i i pis’ma, pp. 97–8.
29. VoVIL, vol. 1 (1968), pp. 106–7.
30. I. B. Sternik, Lenin – Yurist, p. 81.
31. I. I. Titov, Vo glubine Rossii, pp. 66–7.
32. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 77, d. 1, p. 46.
33. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 74, pp. 46 and 53.
34. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 75, p. 9.
5. Paths to Revolution
1. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 77, p. 47.
2. N. L. Meshcheryakov (ed.), Gleb Uspenskii v zhizni, p. 239.
3. R. Wortman, The Crisis of Russian Populism, pp. 73–4.
4. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, pp. 294 and 304.
5. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 77, d. 1, p. 51.
6. ibid., p. 53.
7. ibid.
8. I. I. Titov, Vo glubine Rossii, pp. 108–9.
9. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 77, p. 47.
10. ibid., p. 54.
11. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 34.
12. V. Vodovozov, ‘Moë znakomstvo s Leninym’, p. 175.
13. M. I. Ul’yanova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 203.
14. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 77, d. 1, p. 53.
15. ibid., p. 54.
16. ibid.
17. M. I. Semënov (M.Blan), ‘Pamyati druga’, p. 11.
18. ibid.
19. A. Belyakov, Yunost’ vozhdya, pp. 31–6.
20. M. I. Semënov (M.Blan), ‘Pamyati druga’, p. 11.
21. M. P. Golubeva, ‘Moya pervaya vstrecha s Vladimirom Il’ichem,’ pp. 64–5.
22. PSS, vol. 55, p. 8.
23. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 129.
24. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 77, p. 53.
25. M. I. Semënov (M.Blan), ‘Pamyati druga’, p. 12.
26. D. I. Ul’yanov, ‘Iz moikh vospominanii o Vladimire Il’iche Lenine’, pp. 54–5.
27. ibid., p. 56.
28. PSS, vol. 1, p. 554.
29. ibid., p. 555.
30. PSU, pp. 50 and 61.
31. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Il’iche’, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 36.
32. PSU, p. 38.
33. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Nachalo revolyutsionnoi raboty Vladimira Il’icha Lenina’, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 54, p. 24.
34. V. Arnol’d, Sem’ya Ul’yanovykh v Samare, pp. 29–30.
35. PSU, pp. 66–7.
36. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 253.
37. M. I. Ul’yanova, ‘Zhizn’ nashei sem’i v Samare I Alakaevke, 1889–1893’, RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 77, p. 51.
38. Photograph of diploma in I. B. Sternik, Lenin – Yurist, opposite p. 16.
39. PSU, p. 64.
40. I. B. Sternik, Lenin – Yurist, pp. 79–80.
41. V. Vodovozov, ‘Moë znakomstvo s Leninym’, p. 178.
42. M. I. Ul’yanova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 208.
43. ibid., p. 192.
44. V. V. Vodovozov, ‘Moë znakomstvo s Leninym’, pp. 177–8.
45. PSS, vol. 55, p. 2.
46. M. I. Ulyanova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 211.
47. I. B. Sternik, Lenin – Yurist, pp. 97–8.
48. ibid., p. 104.
6. St Petersburg
1. PR, no. 4, 1924, pp. 102; no. 7, 1924, p. 67; A. I. Ul’yanov-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Il’iche’, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 41.
2. Letter of A. A. Sanin to A. I. Ul’yanova, 31 October 1923: RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 49.
3. S. Mitskevich, ‘Stranichka vospominanii’, p. 111.
4. PSS, vol. 55, p. 2.
5. ibid., p. 85.
6. ibid., pp. 1–2.
7. KA, no. 1, 1934, pp. 114–15.
8. PSS, vol. 55, p. 4.
9. ibid., vol. 46, pp. 1–2.
10. ibid., p. 3.
11. ibid., vol. 1, pp. 1–66.
12. V. V. [pseudonym of V. P. Vorontsov], Nashi napravleniya, pp. 1–215.
13. M. A. Sil’vin, Lenin v period zarozhdeniya partii, pp. 46–50.
14. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 12, p. 1.
15. KA, no. 2, 1925, pp. 144–5.
16. D. I. Ul’yanov, Ocherki raznykh let, p. 71.
17. Letter of A. I. Ul’yanova to P. B. Struve, 13 July 1899, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 45, pp. 1–2.
18. G. M. Krzhizhanovskii, O Vladimire Il’iche, pp. 13–14.
19. V. D. Bonch-Bruevich, Tridtsat’ dnei. 1934. Yanvar’, p. 18.
20. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 87, pp. 7 and 8.
21. D. I. Ul’yanov, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 155.
22. O. D. Ul’yanova, ‘Mariya Il’inichna Ul’yanova’, in M. I. Ul’yanova, OVILiSU, p. 18.
23. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vospominaniya ob Aleksandre Il’iche Ul’yanove’, in OVILiSU, pp. 27 and 57; PSU, p. 94.
24. M. I. Ul’yanova, VoVIL, vol. 1, pp. 211–12.
25. PSS, vol. 1, p. 401.
26. ‘Chto takoe “Druz’ya naroda” i kak oni voyuyut protiv sotsial-demokratov?’, in PSS, vol. 1, pp. 325–31 and 460.
27. KA, no. 1, 1934, pp. 78 and 81.
28. ibid., p. 78.
29. PSS, vol. 55, p. 7.
30. ibid., p. 8.
31. M. I. Ul’yanova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 212.
32. PSS, vol. 55, pp. 9–12.
33. ibid., p. 13.
34. KA, no. 1, 1934, pp. 81 and 98.
35. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, Vospominaniya ob Il’iche, pp. 47–8.
36. I. Getzler, Martov, pp. 21–9.
37. A. N. Potresov, Posmertnyi sbornik proizvedenii, p. 294.
38. PSS, vol. 2, pp. 70–4.
7. To Siberian Italy
1. PSS, vol. 55, pp. 5 and 14.
2. ibid., vol. 46, p. 443.
3. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 148.
4. M. A. Sil’vin, letter to A. I. Ul’yanova, 18 December 1923, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 47, p. 3.
5. PSS, vol. 55, p. 17.
6. ibid., p. 18.
7. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 145.
8. D. I. Ul’yanov, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 165.
9. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 147.
10. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 51.
11. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 145.
12. V. Levitskii, Za chetvert’ veka, vol. 1, part 1, p. 51.
13. L. Martov, Zapiski sotsial-demokrata, p. 342.
14. R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 1, pp. 62–3.
15. A. Yelizarova, ‘Vladimir Il’ich v tyur’me’, in N. L. Meshcheryakov (ed.), O Lenine, p. 71.
16. PSS, vol. 46, pp. 449–50.
17. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 381; Perepiska sem’i Ul’yanovykh, p. 94.
18. PSS, vol. 55, p. 24.
19. ibid., pp. 154–5.
20. G. A. Solomon, Lenin i ego sem’ya (Ul’yanovy), p. 26.
21. KA, no. 1, 1934, p. 122; PR, nos. 2–3, 1929, p. 193.
22. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Vladimir Il’ich v ssylke (ego ot’ezd i prebyvanie tam)’ [draft, written in 1929], RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 69, p. 4.
23. ZIL, vol. 3, p. 84.
24. PSS, vol. 55, pp. 24–5.
25. ibid., vol. 46, p. 451.
26. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 74, p. 36.
27. PSS, vol. 55, p. 30.
28. ibid., pp. 34–5.
29. PR, nos. 11–12, 1928, p. 242.
30. PSS, vol. 55, p. 32.
31. ibid., p. 54.
32. I. Getzler, Martov, p. 38.
33. PSS, vol. 46, p. 453.
34. A. I. Ul’yanova, PR, no. 3, 1924, pp. 109–10.
35. ibid., p. 119.
36. RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 62, p. 2: draft introduction to Lenin�
��s letters.
37. PSS, vol. 55, p. 59.
38. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 74, p. 33.
39. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 135, p. 9.
40. S. U. Manbekova and S. A. Rubanov, Naslednitsa, pp. 52–4.
41. ibid., p. 62.
42. N. K. Krupskaya, O Lenine, p. 80.
43. Pravda, 18 February 1968.
44. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, VoVIL, vol. 1, pp. 62–3.
45. S. L. Shatkina (ed.), Lenin i Ul’yanovy v Podol’ske, p. 31.
46. R. MacNeal, Bride of the Revolution, p. 48.
47. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 1, p. 17: letter of 26 August 1898 to Lenin’s mother.
48. D. I. Ul’yanov, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 163.
49. R. McNeal, Bride of the Revolution, pp. 68–9.
50. N. K. Krupskaya, RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 34, p. 13: 1936 fragment.
51. PSS, vol. 55, p. 53.
52. D. I. Ul’yanov, VoVIL, vol. 1, p. 183.
53. PSS, vol. 55, p. 73.
54. M. I. Ul’yanova, OVILiSU, p. 70.
55. PSS, vol. 55, p. 73.
56. ibid., p. 89.
57. ibid., p. 91.
58. See the marriage certificate in S. U. Manbekova and S. A. Rubanov, Naslednitsa, p. 107.
59. PSS, vol. 45, pp. 409–10
60. ibid., vol. 55, p. 105.
61. ibid., p. 111.
62. ibid., vol. 46, p. 31: letter to Potresov.
63. ibid., pp. 25–6.
64. Letter to I. P. Tovstukha, 15 October 1923, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 53, pp. 3–4.
65. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, draft fragment, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 84, p. 1.
66. PSS, vol. 55, p. 180.
67. KA, no. 1, 1934, pp. 129–30.
68. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, draft fragment, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 84, p. 1.
8. An Organisation of Revolutionaries
1. KA, no. 1, 1934, p. 134.
2. A. I. Ul’yanova, letter to Stalin, December 1932, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 471.
3. A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, ‘Tret’ii arest Il’icha’ [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 67, p. 6.
4. A. I. Ul’yanova, letter to Stalin, December 1932, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 471.
5. S. U. Manbekova and S. A. Rubanov, Naslednitsa, p. 129.
6. KA, no. 1, 1934, p. 137.
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