7. N. K. Krupskaya, O Lenine, p. 80.
8. PSS, vol. 4, p. 341.
9. ibid., pp. 334–52.
10. ibid., p. 342.
11. ibid., p. 343.
12. ibid., p. 345.
13. ibid., vol. 55, pp. 190 and 193.
14. ibid., p. 192.
15. ibid., p. 193.
16. ibid., p. 196.
17. See D. I. Ul’yanov, Ocherki raznykh let, p. 21.
18. PSS, vol. 55, p. 198.
19. ibid., p. 197.
20. ibid., vol. 46, p. 74.
21. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 199.
22. N. Valentinov, Vstrechi s Leninym, pp. 86 and 141.
23. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Iz otvetov na anketu Instituta mozga v 1935 godu’, in N. K. Krupskaya, O Lenine, p. 86.
24. PSS, vol. 55, p. 178.
25. ‘Tovarnyi fetishizm’, Nauchnoe obozrenie (St Petersburg), no. 12, 1899, pp. 2277–95.
26. PSS, vol. 3, pp. 613–36.
27. ibid., vol. 6, p. 173.
28. See N. Harding, Lenin’s Political Thought, vols 1–2.
29. N. Valentinov, Vstrechi s Leninym, p. 31.
30. ibid., p. 34.
31. ibid., p. 35.
32. ibid., p. 89.
33. LS, vol. 2, pp. 24 and 27.
34. ibid., p. 65.
35. PSS, vol. 6, p. 448.
36. ibid., pp. 64 and 84.
37. M. I. Ul’yanova, OVILiSU, p. 22.
9. ‘Holy Fire’
1. PSS, vol. 55, p. 85.
2. N. Meshcheryakov, ‘Iz vospominanii o Lenine’, in N. L. Meshcheryakov (ed.), O Lenine, p. 45.
3. N. A. Alekseev, Vospominaniya o Vladimire Il’iche Lenine, vol. 2, p. 85.
4. PSU, p. 146.
5. N. K. Krupskaya, VL, pp. 56–7.
6. ibid., p. 59.
7. A. Rothstein, Lenin in Britain, pp. 14–15.
8. N. K. Krupskaya, VL, p. 59.
9. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 14, pp. 12–13.
10. ibid., pp. 13 and 18.
11. I. Getzler, Martov, p. 66.
12. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 14, p. 18.
13. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 57.
14. An alternative account comes from V. D. Bonch-Bruevich, who wrote a draft memoir saying that his wife diagnosed Lenin as suffering from ‘sclerotic cerebral phenomena’: ‘Bolezn’ Vladmira Ili’icha v Zheneve v 1903 g.’, RTSKhIDNI, fond 4, op. 2, d. 294, pp. 2–3. Often Bonch-Bruevich exaggerated or invented things, especially when they embellished his own significance and that of his family in history. If Bonch-Bruevich’s account is correct in this instance, then we must conclude that Krupskaya was lying. On balance, the latter hypothesis is less credible than the former. Just about.
15. PSS, vol. 46, pp. 232–4.
16. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 2, 1958, p. 10.
17. PSS, vol. 46, p. 190.
18. A. Rothstein, Lenin in Britain, p. 23.
19. Vtoroi s”ezd RSDRP, pp. 443–4.
20. ibid., pp. 262, 425 and 717.
21. A. V. Shotman, ‘Na vtorom s”ezde partii’, PR, nos. 77–8, 1928, pp. 62–3.
22. Vtoroi s”ezd RSDRP, pp. 367, 372 and 380.
23. PSS, vol. 8, pp. 88 and 177–8.
24. LS, vol. 10, p. 117.
25. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 74, p. 45.
26. ibid.
27. ‘C’est le cerveau’: RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 74, p. 45.
28. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Iz otvetov na anketu Instituta Mozga v 1935 godu’, in N. K. Krupskaya, O Lenine, p. 82.
29. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Sestra Vladimira Il’icha’, Pravda, 13 June 1937.
30. V. D. Bonch-Bruevich, Izbrannye Sochineniya, vol. 2, p. 314.
31. G. M. Krzhizhanovskii, O Vladimire Il’iche, p. 32.
32. LS, vol. 10, pp. 352–3.
33. ibid., p. 117.
34. PSS, vol. 46, p. 355.
35. ibid., p. 378.
10. Russia from Far and Near
1. PSS, vol. 9, p. 35.
2. ibid., p. 246.
3. M. N. Lyadov, O Vladimire Il’iche.
4. Tretii s”ezd RSDRP. Protokoly. Aprel’-mai 1905 goda, pp. 188–9 and 193–4.
5. ibid., p. 247.
6. N. K. Krupskaya, RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 15, p. 5.
7. ibid.
8. BKh, vol. 2, p. 22; PSS, vol. 9, pp. 274–82.
9. BKh, vol. 2, pp. 194–5.
10. PSS, vol. 11, pp. 336–8.
11. ibid., p. 340.
11. The Second Emigration
1. BKh, vol. 2, p. 349.
2. N. K. Krupskaya, VL, pp. 127–8.
3. ibid., p. 128.
4. ibid., p. 129.
5. ibid.
6. PSS, vol. 47, pp. 119–20.
7. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 18, p. 6.
8. M. Gor’kii, ‘V. I. Lenin’, in V. I. Lenin i A. M. Gor’kii, p. 262.
9. Ye. V. Krupskaya, letter to her nephew A. A. Krupskii, RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 1, d. 1057, p. 2.
10. L. A. Fotieva, Iz zhizni Lenina, p. 10.
11. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 199.
12. G. Ya. Lozgachëv-Yelizarov, Nezabyvaemoe, pp. 102 and 107.
13. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 20, pp. 9–10 and 16.
14. V. Mel’nichenko, Fenomen i fantom Lenina, pp. 97–8.
15. ibid., p. 109.
16. RTsKhIDNI, fond 14, op. 1, d. 74, p. 47.
17. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 20, p. 11.
18. PSS, vol. 55, pp. 303 and 305.
19. ibid., p. 306.
20. Ogonë k, no. 10, 1989, p. 29.
21. M. Gor’kii, ‘V. I. Lenin’, in V. I. Lenin i A. M. Gor’kii, p. 253.
22. M. Gorky, Days with Lenin, p. 28.
23. M. Gor’kii, Neizdannaya perepiska, p. 48.
24. Nicolaevsky Collection, folder 1, p. 46.
25. The house which in 1908 was 21 Tavistock Place was later renumbered as 36 Tavistock Place: Survey of London – L.C.C., vol. 24, King’s Cross Neighbourhood (London 1952), p. 81.
26. PSU, pp. 184–5.
27. M. I. Ul’yanova, OVILiSU, p. 313.
28. PSU, p. 210.
29. N. K. Krupskaya, VL, p. 160.
30. M. I. Ul’yanova, OVILiSU, p. 121.
31. M. Gor’kii, Neizdannaya perepiska, p. 56.
32. Photographs of Inessa are held in RTsKhIDNI, fond 127, op. 1, d. 54.
33. RTsKhIDNI, fond 127, op. 1, d. 61.
34. ibid.
35. R. C. Elwood, Inessa Armand, pp. 173–89.
36. RTsKhIDNI, fond 2, op. 1, d. 24299.
37. Account of C. Rappoport’s recollection in N. Valentinov, Vstrechi s Leninym, p. 98.
38. L. Fotieva, Iz zhizni Lenina, p. 10.
39. M. Body, ‘Alexandra Kollontai’, Preuves, no. 14, April 1952, p. 17.
40. Lenin’s letter to Kautsky: D. Geyer (ed.), Kautskys Russisches Dossier, p. 344.
12. Almost Russia!
1. ‘Vospominaniya’, ITsKKPSS, no. 7, 1989, p. 171.
2. Biblioteka V. I. Lenina v Kremle. Katalog.
3. Nowadays it is kept at the Lenin Museum at Gorki.
4. M. S. Volin, ‘Dorevolyutsionnye biograficheskie publikatsii o V. I. Lenine’, VIKPSS, no. 7, 1970, p. 116.
5. M. S. Kedrov, Book Publishing under Tsarism, pp. 16–21.
6. PSS, vol. 55, p. 323.
7. ibid.
8. See Inessa’s postcard in RTsKhIDNI, fond 127, op. 1, d. 37.
9. VoVIL, vol. 3, p. 319: memoir by S. Bagotski.
10. PSS, vol. 55, p. 328.
11. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 256.
12. Yu. V. Bernov and A. Ya. Manusevich, V krakovskoi emigratsii, p. 29.
13. M. I. Ul’yanova, OVILiSU, p. 296; G. Ya. Lozgachëv-Yelizarov, Nezabyvaemoe, p. 8.
14. M. I. Ul’yanova OVILiSU, p. 317.
15. BKh, vol. 3, pp. 52–172.
16. Stalin to Kamenev (December 1912), Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo, p. 16. See Lenin�
�s comments on Stalin’s critique in V. I. Lenin. Neizvestnye dokumenty, p. 109.
17. R. C. Elwood, ‘Lenin and “Pravda”’, Slavic Review, no. 2, 1972, pp. 212–14.
18. Letter of Ducos de la Haille to K. Kautsky, D. Geyer (ed.), Kautskys Russisches Dossier, p. 644.
19. R. C. Elwood, Inessa Armand, p. 96.
20. PSS, vol. 55, p. 339.
21. Svobodnaya mysl’, no. 3, 1992, p. 81.
13. Fighting for Defeat
1. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 23, p. 5.
2. LS, vol. 2, pp. 173–4.
3. RTsKhIDNI, f. 12, op. 2, d. 29, p. 3.
4. ibid., pp. 3–4 and 5.
5. ibid., d. 31, pp. 7–8.
6. PSS, vol. 26, p. 6.
7. ibid., vol. 48, p. 155.
8. PSU, p. 363.
9. ibid., p. 428.
10. PSS, vol. 49, p. 492.
11. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 33.
12. PSS, vol. 49, p. 340.
13. PSU, p. 232.
14. VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 191.
15. PSS, vol. 49, p. 52.
16. ibid., p. 55.
17. ibid., p. 56.
18. F. Il’in, ‘Otryvok vospominanii’, ZIL, vol. 1, pp. 126–7.
19. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 3, 1959, pp. 38–42.
20. M. A. Moskalëv, Byuro TsK, p. 270.
14. Lasting Out
1. PSS, vol. 30, p. 328.
2. ibid., vol. 49, p. 361.
3. PSU, p. 419.
4. W. Gautschi, Lenin als Emigrant in der Schweiz, p. 178.
5. ibid., p. 328.
6. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 55, p. 1 (Krupskaya’s notes taken between 1917 and 1937).
7. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, pp. 208–9.
8. PSS, vol. 49, p. 14.
9. ibid., vol. 27, p. 27.
10. ibid., vol. 30, p. 16.
11. ibid., vol. 29, p. 162.
12. ibid., pp. 163–4.
13. ibid., vol. 28, p. 594.
14. L. D. Trotskii, Moya zhizn’, vol. 1, p. 285.
15. DZB, vol. 1, p. 128.
16. ibid., p. 169.
17. R. Pipes (ed.), The Unknown Lenin, p. 31.
15. Another Country
1. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 220.
2. ibid., p. 221.
3. PSS, vol. 49, pp. 401–2.
4. F. Platten, Lenin iz emigratsii v Rossiyu, pp. 34–7.
5. RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 1, d. 1, p. 12: E. A. Tsivilaya’s account of the appeal made by V. S. Dridzo (Krupskaya’s personal assistant) and M. F. Fofanova (who hid Lenin in October 1917) to the Central Committee to secure the return of E. V. Krupskaya’s ashes in compliance with Nadezhda Konstantinovna’s wishes.
6. K. Radek, ‘V plombirovannom vagone’, Pravda, 20 April 1924.
7. F. Platten, Lenin iz emigratsii v Rossiyu, p. 57.
8. K. Radek, ‘V plombirovannom vagone’.
9. ibid.
10. D. S. Suliashvili, ‘Iz Shveitsarii v Petrograd vmeste s Leninym’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 142.
11. K. Radek, ‘V plombirovannom vagone’.
12. D. S. Suliashvili, ‘Iz Shveitsarii v Petrograd vmeste s Leninym’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 143.
13. G. E. Zinoviev, ‘Vospominaniya: Malinovskii’, ITsKKPSS, no. 6, 1989, p. 201.
14. V. D. Bonch-Bruevich, ‘Priezd V. I. Lenina iz-za granitsy v 1917 g.’ [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 4, op. 2, d. 3003, p. 105.
15. R. MacNeal, Bride of the Revolution, p. 171.
16. N. K. Krupskaya, manuscript excerpt in VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 229.
17. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Vospominaniya o Lenine’, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 229.
18. Memoir of A. A. Pushkova, RTsKhIDNI, fond 13, op. 1, d. 457, p. 1; A. I. Ul’yanova-Yelizarova, OVILiSU, p. 348: letter to husband, 7 June 1913.
19. G. Ya. Lozgachëv-Yelizarov [draft], RTsKhIDNI, fond 11, op. 2, d. 31, pp. 162–3.
20. G. Ya. Lozgachëv-Yelizarov, Nezabyvaemoe, p. 145.
21. N. A. Uglanov, ‘O Vladimire Il’iche Lenine’, ITsKKPSS, no. 4, 1989.
22. PR, no. 4, 1927, pp. 162–3.
23. ibid.
24. R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 2, pp. 170–7.
16. The Russian Cockpit
1. Pravda, 14 May 1917.
2. V. P. Buldakov, ‘Istoriya posnaëtsya v sravnenii’, Argumenty i fakty, no. 45, November 1998, p. 12.
3. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Vospominaniya o Lenine’, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 229.
4. Extracts in I. M. Dazhina, ‘Leninskie istoki zhizhni I bor’by’, VIKPSS, no. 3, 1987, pp. 71–2.
5. A. M. Kollontai, 1950 diary entry, RTsKhIDNI, fond 134, op. 3, d. 75, pp. 19–21.
6. M. Gor’kii, ‘V. I. Lenin,’ in V. I. Lenin i A. M. Gor’kii, pp. 271–2.
7. Pravda, 23 April 1917.
8. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Vospominaniya o Lenine’, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 235.
9. ibid., p. 232.
10. Shestoi s”ezd RSDRP(b), p. 41.
11. G. K. Ordzhonikidze, ‘Il’ich v iyul’skie dni’, Pravda, 28 March 1924.
12. N. I. Podvoiskii, ‘V. I. Lenin v 1917 godu’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 186.
13. M. S. Kedrov, ‘Iz vospominanii o vserossiiskoi konferenstii voennykh organizatsii RSDRP (bol’shevikov), 16–23 iyunya 1917 goda’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 223.
14. N. I. Muralov, ‘I Vserossiiskii S”ezd Sovetov’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 220.
15. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Vospominaniya o Lenine’, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 238.
16. R. Pipes, The Russian Revolution, pp. 419–22.
17. M. S. Kedrov, ‘Iz krasnoi tetradi ob Il’iche’, p. 485.
18. A. Rabinowitch, The Bolsheviks Come to Power, pp. 15–17.
19. M. I. Ul’yanova, ‘Poiski Il’icha v pervye dni iyulya 1917 goda’, VoVIL, p. 241.
20. G. K. Ordzhonikidze, ‘Il’ich v iyul’skie dni’, Pravda, 28 March 1924.
21. A. G. Shlyapnikov, ‘Kerenshchina’, PR, no. 7(54), 1927, p. 35.
22. M. N. Poletaev, ‘V iyul’skie dni’, Petrogradskaya pravda, 27 January 1924.
23. Fragment of memoir by A. A. Allilueva, RTsKhIDNI, fond 4, op. 2, d. 45, p. 2.
17. Power for the Taking
1. A. S. Allilueva, Vospominaniya, pp. 183 and 185.
2. See draft by A. S. Alliluev, RTsKhIDNI, fond 4, op. 2, d. 45, p. 6.
3. S. Ya. Alliluev, draft fragment, ibid., p. 8.
4. PSS, vol. 34, pp. 2–5.
5. G. Sokol’nikov, ‘Kak pokhodit’ k istorii Oktyabrya’, in Za leninizma, p. 165.
6. N. A. Yemel’yanov, ‘Tainstvennyi shalash’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 238.
7. ibid., p. 237.
8. ibid., p. 239.
9. ibid.
10. D. I. Leshchenko, ‘Kak ya snimal Lenina v podpol’e’, VoVIL, p. 245.
11. A. V. Shotman, ‘Lenin v podpol’e. (Iyul’–oktyabr’ 1917 goda)’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 251.
12. K. Kuusela, ‘Kak artist maskiroval Lenin’, in Lenin v vospominaniyakh finnov, pp. 79–80.
13. J. Piilonen, ‘Yhteinen vihollinen yhdistää, 1908–1917’, in J. Numminen (ed.), Lenin ja Suomi, p. 308.
14. A. V. Shotman, ‘Lenin v podpol’e. (Iyul’–oktyabr’ 1917 goda)’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 253.
15. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, pp. 244–5.
16. PSS, vol. 49, p. 444.
17. Pravda, 7 June 1917.
18. For an example see M. Liebman, Leninism under Lenin.
19. PSS, vol. 34, p. 135.
20. ibid.
21. ibid., pp. 138–9.
22. A. Rabinowitch, The Bolsheviks Come to Power, p. 170.
23. PSS, vol. 49, p. 241.
24. ibid., pp. 243–4.
25. N. I. Bukharin, ‘Iz rechi tov. Bukharina na vechere vospominanii v 1921 g.’, PR, no. 10, 1922, p. 319.
26. E. D. Stasova, ‘Pis’mo Lenina v TsK partii’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 288.
27. A. V. Shotman, ‘Lenin nakanune Oktyabrya’, O Lenine: Sbornik vospominanii, pp. 115–16, from VoVIL, vol. 4, pp. 254–5
.
28. ibid., p. 255.
29. ibid., p. 256.
30. A. Kollontai, diary drafts of 1929–30, RTsKhIDNI, fond 134, op. 3, d. 48, p. 33.
31. G. Rovio, ‘Kak Lenin skryvalsya u gel’singforskogo “politseimeistera”’, in N. L. Meshcheryakov (ed.), O Lenine, p. 115.
32. Yu. Latukka, ‘Lenin v podpol’e v Finlyandii’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 284.
33. ibid., p. 287. The exact date is still disputed: see the editorial footnote 1, ibid., p. 187.
34. ibid., p. 287.
35. M. V. Fofanova, ‘V. I. Lenin na Vyborgskoi Storone v 1917 godu’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 299.
36. PTsK, pp. 84–5.
37. ibid., p. 85.
38. ibid.
39. L. Trotskii, O Lenine, p. 70.
40. PTsK, pp. 87–92.
41. ibid., p. 94.
42. A. A. Ioffe, ‘Kanun Oktyabrya. Zasedanie v “Lesnom”’, ITsKKPSS, no. 4, 1989, p. 203.
43. PTsK, p. 104.
44. M. V. Fofanova, ‘V. I. Lenin na Vyborgskoi Storone v 1917 godu’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 302.
45. ibid., p. 304.
46. PSS, vol. 34, p. 435.
47. E. A. Rakh’ya, ‘Moi vospominaniya o Vladimire Il’iche’, Pravda, 21 January 1927.
48. M. V. Fofanova, ‘V. I. Lenin na Vyborgskoi Storone v 1917 godu’, VoVIL, vol. 4, p. 304.
18. The October Revolution
1. Rakh’ya, ‘Moi vospominaniya o Vladimire Il’iche’, Pravda, 21 January 1927.
2. ibid.
3. ibid.
4. PSS, vol. 35, p. 2.
5. N. Sukhanov, Zapiski o revolyutsii, vol. 7, p. 174.
6. PSS, vol. 35, p. 1.
7. V. D. Bonch-Bruevich, ‘Iz vospominanii o Vladimire Il’iche’, VoVIL, vol. 4, pp. 325–6.
8. ibid., p. 329
9. ibid.
10. PSS, vol. 35, p. 23.
11. PTsK, pp. 124–5.
12. V. Mel’nichenko, Fenomenon i fantom Lenina, p. 67.
13. G. A. Solomon, Lenin i ego sem’ya, vol. 1, p. 88.
19. Dictatorship under Siege
1. N. K. Krupskaya, ‘Ranenie Lenina v 1918 godu’, RTsKhIDNI, fond 12, op. 2, d. 59, p. 1.
2. N. K. Krupskaya, VoVIL, vol. 2, p. 269.
3. ibid.
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