Foundations of the American Century
Page 49
Ray, James Lee, 334n81
Reagan, Ronald, 57, 231
Realism, 65–66, 75
realists/globalists, 76–79
realpolitik, 69, 96
rebellion, in Montreal, 164–69
Reed, Philip D., 52
regional elite opinion, 89
religion, 60
Re-Ordering the World (Leonard), 239
research: antiwar party, 81; CC’s globalization, 252–53; Chicago community for, 197–98; fellowship initiative, 239–40; foundation’s influence on, 261–62; independent center of, 209–10; Indonesian field, 133–34; of Islam and globalization, 252–53; on Islamic societies, 252–53; Latin America, 186–87; policy makers using, 82–83; policy-oriented, 190–91; private centers of, 216; of RF, 78–79, 252, 282n78
Research Liaison Committee (RLC), 164, 165
RF. See Rockefeller Foundation
Rhodes, Cecil, 42
Rice, Condoleezza, 245
RIIA. See Royal Institute of International Affairs
Rivkin, Arnold, 149, 155, 173, 178, 308n1, 315n100
RLC. See Research Liaison Committee
Robinson, Pearl T., 161, 164, 168
Robinson, Randall, 169
Rockefeller, David, 58, 60, 227
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 38, 43–44, 47
Rockefeller, John Davidson, 36, 38, 41–43, 59, 274n49
Rockefeller, Nelson, 70
Rockefeller, William, 41
Rockefeller Foundation (RF): BAAS initial funding by, 111–12; Catholic University and UC funding by, 204; CFR’s study-group method donation of, 77; CU funded by, 195; EAAS funded by, 116–17; elites and, 47–49; human welfare basis of, 273n17; Islamic question researched by, 252; mankind’s welfare promoted by, 40–41; market reforms and, 226–27; professional training institutions developed by, 12–13; public opinion influenced by, 79–83; research funded by, 282n78; smart globalization focus of, 262–63; trustees of, 47–48; University of Chicago efforts of, 40; University of Ibadan funding by, 171–73; U.S. consequences from research of, 78–79; YIIS and, 68–73
Romeo, Carlos, 204
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 19
Roosevelt, Kermit, 303n39
Roosevelt, Theodore, 35, 36, 273n17
Root, Elihu, 40
Rosberg, Carl, 158
Rosenberg, Emily, 246
Rosinski, Herbert, 75
Rostow, Walt, 109, 337n132
Rostowian modernization theory, 213–14
Rotberg, Robert, 313n62
Roxborough, Ian, 246
Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA), 92
Rubin, Barry, 246, 335n90
Rubinstein, David, 245
ruling class, 23
ruling force, 271n63
Ruml, Beardsley, 43
Rusk, Dean, 56, 103, 127, 301n19
Russo-Japanese War, 36
Sadli, Mohammad, 146
Sage, Russell, 40
Salim, Emil, 146
Salzburg Seminar in American Studies, 108–10, 121–22, 294n61
Samuelson, Paul, 174
Savage, Howard J., 90
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 119
scholars, 116, 295n79
School of Asiatic Studies, 70–71
Schultz, Ted, 180, 194, 197, 199–200
Schumpeter, Joseph A., 22, 174, 271n60
Scott, Peter Dale, 143
Scott-Smith, Giles, 119, 298n112
Scudder, Evarts, 283n94
Sea Power in the Machine Age (Brodie), 76
Sea Power in the Pacific, 75
secular missionaries, 151, 169
securitization, 332n54
September 11, 1973, military coup, 205–8
September 11, 2001, 222, 240, 259
Shils, Edward, 119
Shotwell, James T., 52, 91, 95, 289n188
Shoup, Lawrence, 55
Shultz, George, 237, 245
Silva, Ernesto, 205
Silva, Patricio, 327n158
Silvert, Kalman, 186, 212–14, 216, 323n96
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, 237, 242, 244, 336n110
smart globalization, 262–63
Smith, T., 233
Snyder, J., 234, 236–37
social Darwinism, 59, 62–63
social inequality, 13, 226–27
socialism, 203–4
socialist party, 219
Socialist Party of Indonesia (SPI), 136
social justice, 92
social neoliberalism, 216–17
social occasions, 106–7
social sciences, 60, 162; Chile’s programs in, 189–93; ESCOLATINA directed toward, 204; in Latin America, 187–88, 214–15
social scientific technocrats, 63
society: class organization in, 10–11; European’s understanding of, 108–9, 113–14; industrial, 273n18; intellectual’s role in, 9–11; modern, 9; ruling force in, 271n63; state relations with, 22–23. See also civil society; Islamic societies
socioeconomic aspects of development, 202–3
Soros, George, 238, 273n21
Southeast Asia, 124, 130, 299n4
Soviet threat, 98
Soviet Union, 247–48
Spaeth, Carl, 187
Spencer, Herbert, 59
SPI. See Socialist Party of Indonesia
Spiller, Robert, 99, 117, 121
Spykman, Nicholas J., 71, 278n17
SSRC program, 168
Standard Oil of Ohio, 38, 42–43
Stanfield, Philip, 62
state: consent and, 271n64; foundation’s independence from and relationships with, 260–61; intellectuals, 79; modern powers of, 16; power, 78–79; society relations with, 22–23; spirit, 23–24; stability of, 271n65; totalitarian, 212–13; zero-sum relationships with, 270n50
state-private networks, 15–16
statism, 181–83, 219
steel-rail production, 35
Steinberg, James, 242
Steiner, Roy, 263
Stern, Todd, 335n96
Stolper, Wolfgang, 150, 174–79, 258
Stolper-Samuelson theorem, 174
Stone, Shepard, 105, 120
Stoyanov, Peter, 335n96
Strasma, John, 201, 203, 209
strategic goals, 33–34
Streit, Clarence, 94
structuralism, 181
study-group method, 77, 281n66
Suharto, general, 142–47
Sukarno, president, 143–44
Sulzberger, Arthur Hayes, 47, 82, 284n100
Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 131, 137–42, 46
Sunkel, Osvaldo, 193, 201, 206, 211, 215, 218, 328n172
superpower, 256
Superpowers, The: The United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union—Their Responsibility for Peace (Fox), 71
Supreme Court, 42–43
Sutton, Francis X., 12, 120
Swearer, Howard, 116
Talbot, Strobe, 233, 236
Tassara, Alberto, 204
Taylor, Michael, 339n9
Taylor, Richard P., 111, 113
technocratic work, 202, 327n158
terrorism, 58, 251–52; fastest growing form of, 254; impoverishment and, 329n6; misunderstanding in, 252. See also war on terror; weapons of mass destruction
Terrorists, Despots, and Democracy: What Our Children Need to Know, 240
Third World development, 127
Third World universities, 11–13
Thistlethwaite, Frank, 112, 114
Thomas, Benjamin, 162
Thompson, John, 71
Thompson, Kenneth W., 13–14
Thurber, Clarence, 134
totalitarian state, 212–13
track two diplomacy, 92
Trade and Poverty Forum (TPF), 239
transatlantic cooperation, 238–39
transatlantic diplomacy, 117
Transatlantic Fellows Program, 240
transnational Americanism, 225–26
trustees: academic world representat
ion of, 52, 54; as career businessmen, 50; of CEIP, 49–50; of Ford Foundation, 53–58; government associations of, 51–52, 54–55; government service of, 48–49; of RF, 47–48
UI. See University of Indonesia
unilateral nuclear disarmament, 119
United States: ACLS promoting studies of, 116; African studies in, 150–51; Africa’s significance to, 151–54; AIPR conferences organized across, 86; American studies promotion in, 117–18; BAAS spreading knowledge of, 115; Britain’s relationship with, 111; Chile dependent on investment from, 184–85; Chile’s economic transformation strategy of, 180–81; Cold War enemies of, 298n112; concert of democracies and, 249–50; defense of, 299n2; democracy arsenal of, 35; DPT power of, 230, 254–55; economic transformation of, 35; elites, 258; European dissent of, 293n50; Europe’s abstract problem concern of, 104; Europe’s foreign policy opposition of, 99; expansionism of, 339n1; Final Report stating objectives of, 247; Ford Foundation and foreign policy of, 147; Ford Foundation’s policy of empire and, 148; foundation leaders of, 7, 31, 58–63; foundations marginalizing isolationism of, 256–57; FPA beliefs about global role of, 83–85; global affairs of, 35–36, 57; global expansion of, 15–16; global involvement of, 247–48; globalism of, 15–16, 35–36, 57, 225–26, 247–48; global leadership of, 2–3; global networks needed by, 250–51; global order led by, 223; ideologies not tolerated by, 101–2; imperialist power and, 211; Indonesia integration with, 125; Latin American intervention of, 183–85; Latin American policy of, 279n21; Latin American studies development by, 185–89; liberal internationalist foundation-funded networks and, 257–58; Muslim and nationalist youth armed by, 307n122; national security of, 247–51; oligarchic tendencies in, 58; postwar settlement of, 74; psychic crisis of, 36–37, 39–40, 48; public diplomacy crisis of, 240–41; public-opinion management in, 38; realists/globalists in, 76–79; RF’s research consequences to, 78–79; Southeast Asia and foreign policy of, 124; as superpower, 256; transnational Americanism and, 225–26; UI graduate students in, 138; UI influenced by field staff from, 139–40; World War II emergence of, 97–98. See also Britain; Europe; Latin America; Southeast Asia
United States Steel Corporation, 45
universities: aid to, 13–14; black fellows joining, 168–69; corporate ideal institutionalized in, 277n3; military studies approach of, 75–76; professionally elite, 11–12; Southeast Asia studies programs at, 130; Third World, 11–13. See also specific universities
University of California–Berkeley, 137–38
University of Chicago, 40
University of Chile: Allende government’s socialism influencing, 203–6; CU’s political differences with, 201; economics at, 198–200, 210–11, 321n55; economists of, 210–11; Ford Foundation’s new grants absorbed by, 201–2; RF funding by, 204; socioeconomic aspects of development at, 202–3
University of Ibadan, 171–73, 314n84, 316n111
University of Indonesia (UI), 133, 135–36; anticommunist massacre by students of, 145–46; Ford Foundation’s program of modernization of, 138–39; University of California–Berkeley program cooperation with, 137–38; U.S. field staff influencing, 139–40; U.S. graduate students from, 138
U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 114–15
Vagts, Alfred, 74
Valdes, Juan Gabriel, 195, 207, 320n39; ideology idea of, 197; pluralism assessment of, 198
van den Berghe, Pierre L., 164
Veblen, Thorstein, 60
VECTOR (Centre for Economic and Social Studies), 217
Villumsen, T., 233
Viner, Jacob, 72
Volcker, Paul, 235
von Hayek, Frederick, 180
Vuskovic, Pedro, 201, 205
Wadsworth, Eliot, 51
Wala, Michael, 18
Wall, Joseph F., 33, 38
Wall, Stephen, 59
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 169
Walras, Leon, 200
Walsh, Frank P., 39
Walsh Commission, 39
Walt, Stephen, 246, 248
Waples, Douglas, 282n78
Ward, Herbert, 60
War Department, 70–71
Wardhana, Ali, 146
warhawks, 82
war on terror, 222–23, 243–44
War-Peace Studies Project, 77–78
Watson, Thomas J., 51
wealth, 318n2
weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 221
Weinberg, Albert K., 75
Welch, Leo D., 97
Welland, Dennis, 113
Welsh, Allen, 48
Western capital, 301n18
Western funding, of Nigeria, 179
West German government grant, 335n86
Whitaker, Ben, 55
Whitehead, Alfred North, 60
white supremacy, 62
Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky, 253
Widjojo Nitisastro, 139, 143, 146–47
Williams, Andrew, 288n175
Williams, Cindy, 240
Williams, William Appleman, 120, 189
Willits, Joseph H., 278n17
Willmott, R., 93
Wilson, Charles E., 88
Wilson, Hugh, 89
Wilson, James Q., 240
Wilson, Woodrow, 60
WMD. See weapons of mass destruction
Wolfers, Arnold, 69
world power, 35
World Social Forum (WSF), 11, 228; criticism of, 228–29; Ford Foundation funding delegates of, 321n38; Ford Foundation supporting, 228; neoliberal globalization and, 229
World War II, 17, 97–98, 285n127
Worth, Owen, 321n40
Wriston, Henry M., 52
WSF. See World Social Forum
Yale Institute of International Studies (YIIS), 68, 70–72
Yale University, 330n27
Young, Owen D., 48
Zakaria, Fareed, 246
zero-sum power, 15
zero-sum relationships, 270n50
Zikiwe, Nnamdi, 172
Zoellick, Robert, 235