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Foundations of the American Century

Page 49

by Inderjeet Parmar


  Ray, James Lee, 334n81

  Reagan, Ronald, 57, 231

  Realism, 65–66, 75

  realists/globalists, 76–79

  realpolitik, 69, 96

  rebellion, in Montreal, 164–69

  Reed, Philip D., 52

  regional elite opinion, 89

  religion, 60

  Re-Ordering the World (Leonard), 239

  research: antiwar party, 81; CC’s globalization, 252–53; Chicago community for, 197–98; fellowship initiative, 239–40; foundation’s influence on, 261–62; independent center of, 209–10; Indonesian field, 133–34; of Islam and globalization, 252–53; on Islamic societies, 252–53; Latin America, 186–87; policy makers using, 82–83; policy-oriented, 190–91; private centers of, 216; of RF, 78–79, 252, 282n78

  Research Liaison Committee (RLC), 164, 165

  RF. See Rockefeller Foundation

  Rhodes, Cecil, 42

  Rice, Condoleezza, 245

  RIIA. See Royal Institute of International Affairs

  Rivkin, Arnold, 149, 155, 173, 178, 308n1, 315n100

  RLC. See Research Liaison Committee

  Robinson, Pearl T., 161, 164, 168

  Robinson, Randall, 169

  Rockefeller, David, 58, 60, 227

  Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 38, 43–44, 47

  Rockefeller, John Davidson, 36, 38, 41–43, 59, 274n49

  Rockefeller, Nelson, 70

  Rockefeller, William, 41

  Rockefeller Foundation (RF): BAAS initial funding by, 111–12; Catholic University and UC funding by, 204; CFR’s study-group method donation of, 77; CU funded by, 195; EAAS funded by, 116–17; elites and, 47–49; human welfare basis of, 273n17; Islamic question researched by, 252; mankind’s welfare promoted by, 40–41; market reforms and, 226–27; professional training institutions developed by, 12–13; public opinion influenced by, 79–83; research funded by, 282n78; smart globalization focus of, 262–63; trustees of, 47–48; University of Chicago efforts of, 40; University of Ibadan funding by, 171–73; U.S. consequences from research of, 78–79; YIIS and, 68–73

  Romeo, Carlos, 204

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 19

  Roosevelt, Kermit, 303n39

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 35, 36, 273n17

  Root, Elihu, 40

  Rosberg, Carl, 158

  Rosenberg, Emily, 246

  Rosinski, Herbert, 75

  Rostow, Walt, 109, 337n132

  Rostowian modernization theory, 213–14

  Rotberg, Robert, 313n62

  Roxborough, Ian, 246

  Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA), 92

  Rubin, Barry, 246, 335n90

  Rubinstein, David, 245

  ruling class, 23

  ruling force, 271n63

  Ruml, Beardsley, 43

  Rusk, Dean, 56, 103, 127, 301n19

  Russo-Japanese War, 36

  Sadli, Mohammad, 146

  Sage, Russell, 40

  Salim, Emil, 146

  Salzburg Seminar in American Studies, 108–10, 121–22, 294n61

  Samuelson, Paul, 174

  Savage, Howard J., 90

  Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 119

  scholars, 116, 295n79

  School of Asiatic Studies, 70–71

  Schultz, Ted, 180, 194, 197, 199–200

  Schumpeter, Joseph A., 22, 174, 271n60

  Scott, Peter Dale, 143

  Scott-Smith, Giles, 119, 298n112

  Scudder, Evarts, 283n94

  Sea Power in the Machine Age (Brodie), 76

  Sea Power in the Pacific, 75

  secular missionaries, 151, 169

  securitization, 332n54

  September 11, 1973, military coup, 205–8

  September 11, 2001, 222, 240, 259

  Shils, Edward, 119

  Shotwell, James T., 52, 91, 95, 289n188

  Shoup, Lawrence, 55

  Shultz, George, 237, 245

  Silva, Ernesto, 205

  Silva, Patricio, 327n158

  Silvert, Kalman, 186, 212–14, 216, 323n96

  Slaughter, Anne-Marie, 237, 242, 244, 336n110

  smart globalization, 262–63

  Smith, T., 233

  Snyder, J., 234, 236–37

  social Darwinism, 59, 62–63

  social inequality, 13, 226–27

  socialism, 203–4

  socialist party, 219

  Socialist Party of Indonesia (SPI), 136

  social justice, 92

  social neoliberalism, 216–17

  social occasions, 106–7

  social sciences, 60, 162; Chile’s programs in, 189–93; ESCOLATINA directed toward, 204; in Latin America, 187–88, 214–15

  social scientific technocrats, 63

  society: class organization in, 10–11; European’s understanding of, 108–9, 113–14; industrial, 273n18; intellectual’s role in, 9–11; modern, 9; ruling force in, 271n63; state relations with, 22–23. See also civil society; Islamic societies

  socioeconomic aspects of development, 202–3

  Soros, George, 238, 273n21

  Southeast Asia, 124, 130, 299n4

  Soviet threat, 98

  Soviet Union, 247–48

  Spaeth, Carl, 187

  Spencer, Herbert, 59

  SPI. See Socialist Party of Indonesia

  Spiller, Robert, 99, 117, 121

  Spykman, Nicholas J., 71, 278n17

  SSRC program, 168

  Standard Oil of Ohio, 38, 42–43

  Stanfield, Philip, 62

  state: consent and, 271n64; foundation’s independence from and relationships with, 260–61; intellectuals, 79; modern powers of, 16; power, 78–79; society relations with, 22–23; spirit, 23–24; stability of, 271n65; totalitarian, 212–13; zero-sum relationships with, 270n50

  state-private networks, 15–16

  statism, 181–83, 219

  steel-rail production, 35

  Steinberg, James, 242

  Steiner, Roy, 263

  Stern, Todd, 335n96

  Stolper, Wolfgang, 150, 174–79, 258

  Stolper-Samuelson theorem, 174

  Stone, Shepard, 105, 120

  Stoyanov, Peter, 335n96

  Strasma, John, 201, 203, 209

  strategic goals, 33–34

  Streit, Clarence, 94

  structuralism, 181

  study-group method, 77, 281n66

  Suharto, general, 142–47

  Sukarno, president, 143–44

  Sulzberger, Arthur Hayes, 47, 82, 284n100

  Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 131, 137–42, 46

  Sunkel, Osvaldo, 193, 201, 206, 211, 215, 218, 328n172

  superpower, 256

  Superpowers, The: The United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union—Their Responsibility for Peace (Fox), 71

  Supreme Court, 42–43

  Sutton, Francis X., 12, 120

  Swearer, Howard, 116

  Talbot, Strobe, 233, 236

  Tassara, Alberto, 204

  Taylor, Michael, 339n9

  Taylor, Richard P., 111, 113

  technocratic work, 202, 327n158

  terrorism, 58, 251–52; fastest growing form of, 254; impoverishment and, 329n6; misunderstanding in, 252. See also war on terror; weapons of mass destruction

  Terrorists, Despots, and Democracy: What Our Children Need to Know, 240

  Third World development, 127

  Third World universities, 11–13

  Thistlethwaite, Frank, 112, 114

  Thomas, Benjamin, 162

  Thompson, John, 71

  Thompson, Kenneth W., 13–14

  Thurber, Clarence, 134

  totalitarian state, 212–13

  track two diplomacy, 92

  Trade and Poverty Forum (TPF), 239

  transatlantic cooperation, 238–39

  transatlantic diplomacy, 117

  Transatlantic Fellows Program, 240

  transnational Americanism, 225–26

  trustees: academic world representat
ion of, 52, 54; as career businessmen, 50; of CEIP, 49–50; of Ford Foundation, 53–58; government associations of, 51–52, 54–55; government service of, 48–49; of RF, 47–48

  UI. See University of Indonesia

  unilateral nuclear disarmament, 119

  United States: ACLS promoting studies of, 116; African studies in, 150–51; Africa’s significance to, 151–54; AIPR conferences organized across, 86; American studies promotion in, 117–18; BAAS spreading knowledge of, 115; Britain’s relationship with, 111; Chile dependent on investment from, 184–85; Chile’s economic transformation strategy of, 180–81; Cold War enemies of, 298n112; concert of democracies and, 249–50; defense of, 299n2; democracy arsenal of, 35; DPT power of, 230, 254–55; economic transformation of, 35; elites, 258; European dissent of, 293n50; Europe’s abstract problem concern of, 104; Europe’s foreign policy opposition of, 99; expansionism of, 339n1; Final Report stating objectives of, 247; Ford Foundation and foreign policy of, 147; Ford Foundation’s policy of empire and, 148; foundation leaders of, 7, 31, 58–63; foundations marginalizing isolationism of, 256–57; FPA beliefs about global role of, 83–85; global affairs of, 35–36, 57; global expansion of, 15–16; global involvement of, 247–48; globalism of, 15–16, 35–36, 57, 225–26, 247–48; global leadership of, 2–3; global networks needed by, 250–51; global order led by, 223; ideologies not tolerated by, 101–2; imperialist power and, 211; Indonesia integration with, 125; Latin American intervention of, 183–85; Latin American policy of, 279n21; Latin American studies development by, 185–89; liberal internationalist foundation-funded networks and, 257–58; Muslim and nationalist youth armed by, 307n122; national security of, 247–51; oligarchic tendencies in, 58; postwar settlement of, 74; psychic crisis of, 36–37, 39–40, 48; public diplomacy crisis of, 240–41; public-opinion management in, 38; realists/globalists in, 76–79; RF’s research consequences to, 78–79; Southeast Asia and foreign policy of, 124; as superpower, 256; transnational Americanism and, 225–26; UI graduate students in, 138; UI influenced by field staff from, 139–40; World War II emergence of, 97–98. See also Britain; Europe; Latin America; Southeast Asia

  United States Steel Corporation, 45

  universities: aid to, 13–14; black fellows joining, 168–69; corporate ideal institutionalized in, 277n3; military studies approach of, 75–76; professionally elite, 11–12; Southeast Asia studies programs at, 130; Third World, 11–13. See also specific universities

  University of California–Berkeley, 137–38

  University of Chicago, 40

  University of Chile: Allende government’s socialism influencing, 203–6; CU’s political differences with, 201; economics at, 198–200, 210–11, 321n55; economists of, 210–11; Ford Foundation’s new grants absorbed by, 201–2; RF funding by, 204; socioeconomic aspects of development at, 202–3

  University of Ibadan, 171–73, 314n84, 316n111

  University of Indonesia (UI), 133, 135–36; anticommunist massacre by students of, 145–46; Ford Foundation’s program of modernization of, 138–39; University of California–Berkeley program cooperation with, 137–38; U.S. field staff influencing, 139–40; U.S. graduate students from, 138

  U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 114–15

  Vagts, Alfred, 74

  Valdes, Juan Gabriel, 195, 207, 320n39; ideology idea of, 197; pluralism assessment of, 198

  van den Berghe, Pierre L., 164

  Veblen, Thorstein, 60

  VECTOR (Centre for Economic and Social Studies), 217

  Villumsen, T., 233

  Viner, Jacob, 72

  Volcker, Paul, 235

  von Hayek, Frederick, 180

  Vuskovic, Pedro, 201, 205

  Wadsworth, Eliot, 51

  Wala, Michael, 18

  Wall, Joseph F., 33, 38

  Wall, Stephen, 59

  Wallerstein, Immanuel, 169

  Walras, Leon, 200

  Walsh, Frank P., 39

  Walsh Commission, 39

  Walt, Stephen, 246, 248

  Waples, Douglas, 282n78

  Ward, Herbert, 60

  War Department, 70–71

  Wardhana, Ali, 146

  warhawks, 82

  war on terror, 222–23, 243–44

  War-Peace Studies Project, 77–78

  Watson, Thomas J., 51

  wealth, 318n2

  weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 221

  Weinberg, Albert K., 75

  Welch, Leo D., 97

  Welland, Dennis, 113

  Welsh, Allen, 48

  Western capital, 301n18

  Western funding, of Nigeria, 179

  West German government grant, 335n86

  Whitaker, Ben, 55

  Whitehead, Alfred North, 60

  white supremacy, 62

  Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky, 253

  Widjojo Nitisastro, 139, 143, 146–47

  Williams, Andrew, 288n175

  Williams, Cindy, 240

  Williams, William Appleman, 120, 189

  Willits, Joseph H., 278n17

  Willmott, R., 93

  Wilson, Charles E., 88

  Wilson, Hugh, 89

  Wilson, James Q., 240

  Wilson, Woodrow, 60

  WMD. See weapons of mass destruction

  Wolfers, Arnold, 69

  world power, 35

  World Social Forum (WSF), 11, 228; criticism of, 228–29; Ford Foundation funding delegates of, 321n38; Ford Foundation supporting, 228; neoliberal globalization and, 229

  World War II, 17, 97–98, 285n127

  Worth, Owen, 321n40

  Wriston, Henry M., 52

  WSF. See World Social Forum

  Yale Institute of International Studies (YIIS), 68, 70–72

  Yale University, 330n27

  Young, Owen D., 48

  Zakaria, Fareed, 246

  zero-sum power, 15

  zero-sum relationships, 270n50

  Zikiwe, Nnamdi, 172

  Zoellick, Robert, 235

 

 

 


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