Neither Man nor Beast

by Carol J Adams

  Dunayer, Joan. “On Speciesist Language: English Usage Glorifies Humans at the Expense of Other Animals.” On the Issues (Winter 1990): pp. 30–31.

  Durning, Alan Thein, and Holly B. Brough. “Reforming the Livestock Economy.” In State of the World: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., pp. 66–82.

  Dvorchak, Robert. “Dahmer’s Troubled Childhood Offers Clues but No Simple Answers.” Dallas Times Herald, August 11, 1991.

  Dworkin, Andrea. Right-wing Women. New York: Perigee Books, 1983.

  Dworkin, Andrea. Pornography: Men Possessing Women. New York: Perigee Books, 1981.

  Ecofeminist Task Force Recommendation—Item #7. Presented to the National Women’s Studies Association National Meeting, Akron, OH, June 1990.

  Elshtain, Jean Bethke. “Why Worry about the Animals?” Progressive (March 1990): pp. 17–23.

  Elson, John. “This Little Piggy Ate Roast Beef: Domesticated Porkers Are Becoming the Latest Pet Craze.” Time (January 22, 1990): p. 54.

  Elston, Mary Ann. “Women and Anti–vivisection in Victorian England, 1870–1900.” In Vivisection in Historical Perspective. Edited by Nicolaas Rupke. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

  Enloe, Cynthia. Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Sense of International Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

  Faller, Kathleen Coulborn. Understanding Child Sexual Maltreatment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. 1990.

  Feminists for Animal Rights. “Animal Rights Is a Feminist Issue.” Flyer. n.d.

  Fiddes, Nick. Meat: A Natural Symbol. London and New York: Routledge, 1991.

  Finsen, Susan. “Making Ends Meet: Reconciling Ecoholism and Animal Rights Individualism.” Between the Species: A Journal of Ethics 4, no. 1:11–20.

  Flax, Jane. “Political Philosophy and Patriarchal Unconscious: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Epistemology and Metaphysics.” In Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy. Edited by Sandra Harding and Merrill Hintikka. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1983.

  Forbes, Dana. “Liberating the Killing Fields.” Ms. 2, no. 4 (1992): pp. 84–85.

  Foster, Lynne A., Christine Mann Veale, and Catherine Ingram Fogel. “Factors Present When Battered Women Kill.” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 10 (1989): 273–84.

  Fourez, Gerard. Liberation Ethics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982.

  Fox, Michael W. Agricide: The Hidden Crisis That Affects Us All. New York: Shocken Books, 1986.

  Fox, Michael W. Farm Animals: Husbandry, Behavior, and Veterinary Practice (Viewpoints of a Critic). Baltimore: University Park Press, 1984.

  Fraser, David. “The Role of Behavior in Swine Production: A Review of Research.” Applied Animal Ethology 11 (1983–84): pp. 317–39.

  Fraser, David. “Attraction to Blood as a Factor in Tail-Biting by Pigs.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 17 (1987): pp. 61–68.

  Fraser, Nancy. Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse, and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989.

  Fraser, Sylvia. My Father’s House: A Memoir of Incest and of Healing. New York: Harper and Row, 1987.

  Frederickson, George M. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817–1914. New York: Harper, 1971.

  French, R. D. Antivivisection and Medical Science in Victorian Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.

  Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum, 1970, 1993.

  Fried, Marlene Gerber, ed. From Abortion to Reproductive Freedom: Transforming a Movement. Boston: South End Press, 1990.

  Frye, Marilyn. The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press, 1983.

  Fund for Animals. “Factory Farming: Misery on the Menu.” Animal Agriculture Fact Sheet no. 2. New York, 1990.

  Gaard, Greta. “Feminists, Animals, and the Environment: The Transformative Potential of Feminist Theory.” Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the National Women’s Studies Association, Towson State University, Baltimore, June 14–18, 1989.

  Gaard, Greta, ed. Ecofeminism, Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.

  Ganley, Anne L. Court-mandated Counseling for Men Who Batter: A Three-Day Workshop for Mental Health Professionals. Washington, DC: Center for Women Policy Studies, 1985.

  Gardner, Charles A. “Is an Embryo a Person?” The Nation (November 13, 1989).

  Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: William Morrow, 1984.

  Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.

  Gilman, Sander L. “Black Bodies, White Bodies: Toward an Iconography of Female Sexuality in Late Nineteenth-Century Art, Medicine, and Literature.” Critical Inquiry 12 (1985): pp. 204–42.

  Ginzberg, Ruth. “Feminism, Rationality and Logic.” American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy 88, no. 2 (March 1989): pp. 34–39.

  Godlovitch, Stanley, Roslind Godlovitch, and John Harris, eds. Animals, Men, and Morals: An Enquiry into the Maltreatment of Non-Humans. New York: Taplinger, 1972.

  Goldman, Emma. “The Traffic in Women.” The Traffic in Women and Other Essays on Feminism. New York: Times Change Press, 1970.

  Goodman, Ellen. “Debate Rages over Animals: Where Do Ethics End and Human Needs Begin?” Buffalo News. (December 20, 1989).

  Goodyear, Carmen. “Man Kind?” Country Women (December 7–9, 1977).

  Gordon, Linda. Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right: Birth Control in America. New York: Penguin Books, 1977.

  Gould, Catherine. “Diagnosis and Treatment of Ritually Abused Children.” In Out of Darkness: Exploring Satanism and Ritual Abuse. Edited by David K. Sakheim and Susan E. Devine. New York: Lexington Books, 1992.

  Green, Rayna. “Review Essay: Native American Women,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 6, no. 2 (1980): pp. 248–67.

  Greer, Germaine. “Home Thoughts: Germaine Greer on the Fallacy of Animal Rights.” Independent (January 1990).

  Griffin, Donald R. “Foreword.” In Interpretation and Explanation in the Study of Animal Behavior. Volume I: Interpretation, Intentionality, and Communication. Edited by Marc Bekoff and Dale Jamieson. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990.

  Griffin, Donald R. “The Problem of Distinguishing Awareness from Responsiveness.” In Self-Awareness in Domesticated Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Keble College, Oxford. Ed. D. G. M. Wood-Gush, M. Dawkins, R. Ewbank. Hertfordshire, England: The Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 1991.

  Griffin, Susan. Woman and Nature: The Roaring inside Her. New York: Harper & Row, 1982.

  Gruen, Lori. “Gendered Knowledge? Examining Influences on Scientific and Ethological Inquiries.” In Interpretation and Explanation in the Study of Animal Behavior. Volume I: Interpretation, Intentionality, and Communication. Edited by Marc Bekoff and Dale Jamieson. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990.

  Gruen, Lori. “Exclusion and Difference: Reflections on ‘Women, Nature, and Animals.’ ” Feminism and Philosophy Newsletter of the American Philosophical Association (Spring 1992).

  Gruen, Lori. “Dismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection between Women and Animals.” In Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, and Nature. Edited by Greta Gaard. Temple University Press, 1993.

  Halpin, Zuleyma Tang. “Scientific Objectivity and the Concept of the ‘Other.’ ” Women’s Studies International Forum 12, no. 3 (1989): pp. 285–94.

  Haraway, Donna. Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science. New York: Routledge, 1989.

  Haraway, Donna. “Otherworldly Conversations: Terran Topics, Local Terms,” Science as Culture 3, part 1, no. 14 (1992): pp. 64–98.

  Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women. New York: Routledge, 1990.

  Haraway, Donna. “Situated Knowledges: The
Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective,” Feminist Studies 14, no. 3 (Fall 1988): pp. 575–99.

  Harding, Sandra. “Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality? A Survey of Issues.” In Beyond Domination: New Perspectives on Women and Philosophy. Edited by Carol C. Gould. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1983.

  Harding, Sandra. The Science Question in Feminism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986.

  Harding, Sandra, and Jean F. O’Barr. Sex and Scientific Inquiry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.

  Harris, Angela P. “Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory.” In Feminist Legal Theory: Readings in Law and Gender. Edited by Katharine T. Bartlett and Rosanne Kennedy. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.

  Harris, William, M.D. “Hype Parades as Science” Ahisma. 31, no. 3 (July/September 1990).

  Harrison, Beverly. Making the Connections: Essays in Feminist Social Ethics. Edited by Carol S. Robb. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.

  Harrison, Beverly. Our Right to Choose: Toward a New Ethic of Abortion. Boston: Beacon Press, 1983.

  Hart, Barbara. “Lesbian Battering: An Examination.” In Naming the Violence: Speaking Out about Lesbian Battering. Edited by Kerry Lobel. Seattle: Seal Press, 1986.

  Hartmann, Betsy. Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control and Contraceptive Choice. New York: Harper & Row, 1987.

  Hartsock, Nancy C. M. Money, Sex, and Power: Toward a Feminist Historical Materialism. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1985.

  Hawkins, Ronnie Zoe. “Reproductive Choices: The Ecological Dimension.” University of Florida, n.d.

  Hearne, Vicki. Adam’s Task: Calling Animals by Name. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.

  Hentoff, Nat. “How Can the Left Be against Life?” Village Voice (July 16, 1985): pp. 18, 20.

  Hicks, Sherrie. “Accessory to Ignorance,” Fur Age Weekly (September 24, 1990).

  Hoagland, Sarah Lucia. Lesbian Ethics: Toward New Values. Palo Alto: Institute for Lesbian Studies, 1988.

  Hoch, Paul. White Hero, Black Beast: Racism, Sexism and the Mask of Masculinity. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

  Hoffman, Merle. “Editorial [On the Connection between Women’s Liberation and Animal Liberation].” On the Issues 16 (Fall 1990): pp. 2–3, 40–41.

  hooks, bell. “Feminism and Militarism: A Comment.” In Talking Back. Boston: South End Press, 1989.

  hooks, bell. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston: South End Press, 1984.

  hooks, bell. “Selling Hot Pussy.” Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston, South End Press, 1992, pp. 61–77.

  hooks, bell. Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black, Boston: South End Press, 1989.

  Hoppe, Stephanie, and Theresa Corrigan. “Paper into Flesh into.. .” In And a Deer’s Ear, Eagle’s Song, and Bear’s Grace: Animals and Women. Edited by Theresa Corrigan and Stephanie Hoppe. Pittsburgh: Cleis Press, 1990.

  Hubbard, Ruth. The Politics of Women’s Biology. New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press, 1990.

  Humphrey, Nicholas. “Seeing and Nothingness.” New Scientist (March 30, 1972): pp. 682–84.

  Hunt, Mary E. Fierce Tenderness: A Feminist Theology of Friendship. New York: Crossroad, 1991.

  Hur, Robin. “Six Inches from Starvation: How and Why America’s Topsoil Is Disappearing.” Vegetarian Times (March 1985): pp. 45–47.

  Hur, Robin, and Dr. David Fields. “America’s Appetite for Meat Is Ruining Our Water.” Vegetarian Times (January 1985): pp. 16–18.

  Hur, Robin, and Dr. David Fields. “Are High-Fat Diets Killing Our Forests?” Vegetarian Times (February, 1984): pp. 22–24.

  Hur, Robin, and Dr. David Fields. “How Meat Robs America of Its Energy.” Vegetarian Times (April 1984): pp. 24–27.

  Hynes, H. Patricia. “Pornography and Pollution: An Environmental Analogy.” In Pornography: Women, Violence, and Civil Liberties. Edited by Catherine Itzin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 384–97.

  Iacobbo, Karen L. T. “Advertising: Making Risk Acceptable.” Vegetarian Voice (1991).

  Institute for Natural Process. “In Usual and Accustomed Places: Contemporary American Indian Fishing Rights Struggle.” In The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance. Edited by M. Annette Jaimes. Boston: South End Press, 1992.

  Jay, Nancy. “Sacrifice as Remedy for Having Been Born of Woman.” In Immaculate and Powerful: The Female in Sacred Image and Social Reality. Edited by Clarissa W. Atkinson, Constance H. Buchanan, and Margaret R. Miles. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.

  Jaggar, Alison M. Feminist Politics and Human Nature. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield Publisher, 1988.

  Jaggar, Alison M. “Love and Knowledge: Emotion in Feminist Epistemology.” In Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1989, pp. 145–171.

  Jordan, Winthrop D. White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro: 1550–1812. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969.

  Kalechofsky, Roberta. “Metaphors of Nature: Vivisection and Pornography—The Manichean Machine” and “Dedicated to Descartes’ Niece: The Women’s Movement and Anti–vivisection in the Nineteenth Century.” In Autobiography of a Revolutionary: Essays on Animal and Human Rights. Marblehead, MA: Micah Press, 1991.

  Kalechofsky, Roberta. “Descartes’ Niece.” Paper presented at the Spoleta Festival for the Animals, Raleigh, North Carolina, October 6, 1990.

  Kappeler, Susanne. The Pornography of Representation. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

  Kappeler, Susanne. “Animal Conservationism and Human Conservationism.” In Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations. Edited by Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1995.

  Keller, Catherine. From a Broken Web: Separation, Sexism, and Self. Boston: Beacon Press, 1986.

  Keller, Evelyn Fox. A Feeling for the Organism: The Life and Work of Barbara McClintock. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co, 1983.

  Keller, Evelyn Fox. Reflections on Gender and Science. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

  Kellert, Stephen. “American Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of Animals: An Update.” International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems 1, no. 2 (1980): pp. 87–119.

  Kellman, Steven G. “Green Freedom for the Cockatoo.” Gettysburg Review (1991): pp. 145–54.

  Kellogg, Kathy and Bob. Raising Pigs Successfully. Charlotte, VT: Williamson Publishing, 1985.

  Kelly, Liz. Surviving Sexual Violence. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989.

  Kevles, Bettyann. “Meat, Morality, and Masculinity.” Women’s Review of Books (May 1990): pp. 11–12.

  Kheel, Marti. “Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Can Ecofeminism Bridge the Gap?” Prepared for delivery at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association, March 10–12, 1988.

  Kheel, Marti. “Befriending the Beast.” Creation (September/October 1987): pp. 11–12.

  Kheel, Marti “Ecofeminism and Deep Ecology: Reflections on Identity and Difference.” In Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism. Edited by Irene Diamond and Gloria Feman Orenstein. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990, pp. 128–37.

  Kheel, Marti. “Finding a Niche for Animals within the Greens.” Feminists for Animal Rights Newsletter 5, no. 1–2 (1990): pp. 1, 5–6.

  Kheel, Marti. “From Healing Herbs to Deadly Drugs: Western Medicine’s War against the Natural World.” In Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism. Edited by Judith Plant. Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1989.

  Kheel, Marti. “If Women and Nature Were Heard.” Feminists for Animal Rights Newsletter 5, no. 3–4: (1990): pp. 7–8.

  Kheel, Marti. “The Liberation of Nature: A Circular Affair.” Environmental Ethics 7, no. 2 (1985): pp. 135–49.

  Kheel, Marti. Women, Ethics, and Anima(l)s. M.A. thesis. Antioch College, 1986.

&nbs
p; King, Roger J. H. “Caring about Nature: Feminist Ethics and the Environment.” Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, Special Issue on Ecological Feminism, 6, no. 1 (1991): pp. 75–89.

  King, Deborah H. “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14, no. 1 (1988): pp. 42–72.

  King, Ynestra. “Making the World Live: Feminism and the Domination of Nature.” In Women’s Spirit Bonding. Edited by Janet Kalven and Mary I. Buckley. New York: Pilgrim Press, 1984, pp. 56–64.

  Kook, Abraham Isaac. “Fragments of Light: A View as to the Reasons for the Commandments.” In Abraham Isaac Kook: The Lights of Penitence, the Moral Principles, Lights of Holiness, Essays, Letters, and Poems. Trans. Ben Zion Bokser. New York: Paulist Press.

  Kovel, Joel. White Racism: A Psychohistory. New York: Vintage Books, 1971.

  Kramarae, Cheris, and Paula A. Treichler, eds. A Feminist Dictionary. Boston: Pandora, 1985.

  Krizmanic, Judy. “Is a Burger Worth It?” Vegetarian Times, no. 152 (April 1990): pp. 20–21.

  Krizmanic, Judy. “Perfect Obsession: Can Vegetarianism Cover up an Eating Disorder?” Vegetarian Times (June 1992): pp. 52–60.

  Krizmanic, Judy. “Why Cutting out Meat Can Cool Down the Earth.” Vegetarian Times, no. 152 (April 1990): pp. 18–19.

  Kundera, Milan. The Unbearable Lightness of Being. New York: Penguin Books, 1988.

  Lansbury, Coral. The Old Brown Dog: Women, Workers, and Vivisection in Edwardian England. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

  Lappé, Frances Moore. Diet for a Small Planet: Tenth Anniversary Edition. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982.

  Lawrence, A. B., M. C. Appleby, and H. A. Macleod. “Measuring Hunger in the Pig Using Operant Conditioning: The Effect of Food Restriction,” Animal Production 47 (1988): pp. 131–37.

  Leakey, Richard E., and Roger Lewin. People of the Lake: Mankind and Its Beginnings. New York: Doubleday, 1978.

  “Leaps Forward: Postpatriarchal Eating.” Ms. Magazine (July/August 1990): p. 59.

  Le Brun, Fred. “Warm, Furry Thoughts at Dawn.” Albany Times-Union, November 12, 1990.