use of slaves
paper money
standard of living
social elites
women's rights
businesswomen
Anglican Church established
institutional aspects of slavery
experience of being a slave in
free African Americans in
slave runaways
Stono Rebellion (1739)
alliances with Native Americans
eighteenth-century immigration
Georgia founded to protect its borders
politics after 1690
local government
voting rights
issue of money
suspending clauses
nationality of governors
attack on St. Augustine
and French and Indian War
conflict with Cherokees
see also Carolinas; Charleston
South Carolina Gazette
South Sea Bubble
South Sea Company
Southel, Seth
Southwell, Sir Robert
Spain: exploration and colonization
Reconquista
takeover of Portugal
Dutch Protestants' rebellion
effect of American silver
English struggles with
peace treaty with England (1604)
English privateers' attacks on
seventeenth-century decline
peace treaty with England (1667)
conflict in Florida
and War of the Spanish Succession
missions to Native Americans
overview of North American colonies
borderlands
interactions with Native Americans in Spanish colonies
statistics on New World emigrants
map of settlements in Gulf of Mexico
Texas
alliances with Native Americans
War of Jenkins' Ear
and French and Indian War
takes over Louisiana
abandons Florida
North American territories claimed by
see also Florida
Spanish Armada (1588)
Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–14)
Spectator
Spelman, Henry
Spencer, Mr. Secretary
Spencer, Nicholas
SPG see Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
spinning
Spotswood, Governor
Springfield, Massachusetts
Squanto
St. Augustine, Florida: foundation
South Carolina attacks
Oglethorpe attacks
St. Clements
St. Domingue
St. Francis
St. Francois
St. George's
St. Joseph
St. Kitts (formerly St. Christopher)
St. Lawrence River: Cartier's expedition
Champlain explores
Native Americans in the region
French help Native Americans against Iroquois
French towns on
French attempts to form alliances with Native Americans
British expedition up
as heart of New France
St. Louis
St. Marks
St. Mary's
Stagg, Charles
Stagg, Mary
standard of living
Staten Island
Stearns, Shubal
Stephens, Adam
Stoddard, Solomon
Stone, Captain
Stone, William
Stono Rebellion (1739)
Stoughton, William
stoves
Strachey, William
street lighting
street paving
Stuart town
Stuyvesant, Peter
Sudbury
sugar: use of slaves to produce
Spanish cultivation
Brazil
West Indies
development of British market
map of areas growing and refining
in and products made from
protectionism
Sugarees
sumptuary laws
Susquehanna Valley
Susquehannocks: migrations to escape Iroquois
conflict with Iroquois
trade with Swedes
in Maryland
Chesapeake attacks
subsequently migrate to Pennsylvania
paranoid rumors about in Maryland
later resettlements
swaddling
Swansea, Massachusetts
Sweden
Swiss immigrants
Sydney, Algernon
Tacitus
Tadoussac
Taensas
Tahaiadoris
Talbot, George
tar
taste: anglicization
taverns
tax anticipation notes
taxes and customs duties: early English colonies
Watertown protests (1632)
Dutch taxes on Long Island
Maryland
West Indies
and English Civil War
effects of Navigation Acts
New York
Carolinas
Virginian inequalities
Lawne Creek protest
Pennsylvania
Crown tries to take back all tax-raising powers in Dominion of New England
New England protests against arbitrary taxes
Massachusetts' new charter returns some powers to colony
Crown interference in New York
proprietary and Crown taxes in Maryland cause problems
more extensive taxes needed to fund William III's wars
William and Mary's colonial tax policy gives more powers to England
effect on profits
eighteenth-century customs machinery
in eighteenth century
lack in New France
disputes between assemblies and Crown over
arguments over type in New York
British government decides to raise colonial
tea
Teach, William
technology
Teedyuscung, Chief
Tehuacan Valley
Tennent, Gilbert
Tennent, William
Tenochtitlan
Test Acts (1673 and 1678)
Texas
textiles: precontact
colonial industry
domestic production
Ulster industry
Thanksgiving
theater
Theyanoguin, Chief (Hendrick)
Thresher, Francis
Ticonderoga
timber see lumber
Timothy, Elizabeth
Timucuas
Tituba
tobacco: Hispaniola
first shipment to England
Virginia
Maryland
West Indies
increasing reliance on slaves to grow
depressed prices in Maryland
spread of use in England
economic importance
plantation system of culture
types
indebtedness of planters
use as money
cultivation tasks
Louisiana
Toleration Act (1689)
Tomochichi
tools: precontact
Native American exposure to European metal tools
Tordesillas, Treaty of (1494)
towns see urban development and towns
trade: Native American attitude
earliest trade between Native Americans and Europeans
western Europe
Islamic traders
African
French trade with Native Americans
Portuguese trade in the Americas
English
changing nature of American trade
in seventeenth century
Virginia
Massachusetts with Native Americans
New England
Dutch trade with Native Americans
mercantilist system of regulation
English rivalry with Dutch
New York
Carolinas
growing commercialism in Massachusetts
navigation acts enforced
Crown makes changes to system in Dominion of New England
Crown interference in New York
Board of Trade established
overview of British trade with colonies and beyond
overview of colonial export products and markets
mercantilist system in eighteenth century
colonial imports
protectionism
consumer revolution
women's rights to engage in
New Mexico
Spanish deficiencies in
French attitude compared with Algonquian
Louisiana with Native Americans
Texas
Ohio Valley
Native Americans become caught up in consumer revolution
effects of trade with Europeans on Native American lifestyle
Ireland
British and French rivalries in Canada
British and Spanish rivalries
British trade with mainland colonies surpasses that with West Indies
Spanish extend trade with Native Americans in West
limitations placed on Native American trade in Canada
see also fur trade; slavery and slave trade; sugar; taxes and customs duties; tobacco
Transportation of Convicts Act (1718)
Trenchard, John
Trois-Rivières
Tunicas
Tuscarora War (1711–12)
Tuscaroras
Unamis
Uncas, Chief
Upper Creeks
urban development and towns: precontact
stockaded villages
early English colonies
in New England
town promoters in Massachusetts
Philadelphia provides first example of urban planning
northern colonies
eighteenth-century growth and improvements
town government
increase in size and number of towns leads to local government disputes
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713)
Van Cortlandt, Stephanus
Van Rensselaer, Kiliaen
Vane, Sir Henry
Vargas, Diego de
Venango
Verhulst, Willem
Vernon, Admiral
Verrazano, Giovanni de
Vikings
villages, stockaded
Ville-Marie see Montréal
virgin soil epidemics
Virginia: foundation and early days
tobacco industry
reaction to and effect of Restoration
Bacon's Rebellion and aftermath
map of
Glorious Revolution
administration of tax laws
conference with Iroquois
offers help to Carolinas in Yamasee War
population
labor force figures
use of slaves
subsistence farmers
iron industry
rural nature
planters' indebtedness to British factors
paper money
poverty
child servants
families
equality
laws on
interracial marriage
women's lives
religion in eighteenth century
education
Beverley's history
institutional aspects of slavery
experience of being a slave in
free African Americans in
slave conspiracies
changes to Native American life brought by interactions with settlers
eighteenth-century immigration
urban development
politics after 1690
Twopenny Act
voting rights
issue of money
nationality of governors
political consensus
attempts to expand into Ohio Valley
and French and Indian War
militia
see also Chesapeake
Virginia Charter of Liberties
Virginia Company of London
voting rights
Waccamaws
Wahunsonacock see Powhatan
Walker, Admiral
Walker, Dr Thomas
Walking Treaty Purchase (1737)
Walpole, Massachusetts
Walpole, Sir Robert
Wamesit
Wampanoags
wampum
Wanchese
Wappingers
warfare: purpose in Eastern Woodlands societies
mourning wars
effect of virgin soil epidemics on
western European attitude
changed nature of postcontact Native American
Native Americans start to adopt European style
settlers' lack of skills
Warner, Sir Thomas
Warren, Mary
Warren, Sir Peter
Warwick, earl of
Washington, Colonel John
Washington, George
water, drinking
Watertown, Massachusetts
Abraham Browne, Jr. House
wealth see standard of living
weapons: precontact
gun supply to Mohawks depletes fur supply
Native Americans acquire guns from French
weaving
Webb, General
Wells, Maine
Wentworth, Governor
Wesley, John
Wessagusset
the West: exploration
French and Spanish as bar to British expansion
British and French rivalries
British–Native American relations
British aspirations to take over completely
West, Benjamin
painting by
West Africa
West Indies: colonization
trade with New England
map of, 130; slavery
colonization of Carolinas from
indigo cultivation
market for American colonies
smuggling
slave conspiracies
trade with Britain
Spanish and French losses in French and Indian War
western Europe: fifteenth-century society and culture
Westminster, Treaty of (1674)
Weston, Thomas
Westos
Wethersfield, Connecticut
Weymouth
Weymouth, Sir George
whaling
Whalley, Edward
wheat
Wheelwright, Reverend John
Whigs: beliefs
White, John: drawings by
on Native Americans
botanical work
plans for City of Raleigh
Roanoke relief expedition
White Oaks
Whitefield, George
Whitney, Eli
Willard, Parson Samuel
William III, king of Great Britain and Ireland: ascends throne
colonial reaction
colonial policy
and Pennsylvania
William of Orange
Williams, Abigail
Williams, Eunice
Williams, Reverend John
Williams, Roger
Williamsburg
Wingfield, Edward
Wingina, Chief
Winnebagos
Winslow, John
Winslow, Josiah
Winthrop, Fitz-John
Winthrop, John
voyage to America
landholdings
; as governor
and Hutchinson
on Cotton's law code
on equality
death
Winthrop, John, IV
Winthrop, John, Jr.
Winthrop, Wait
Wisconsin River
Wise, John
witchcraft trials
Wolfe, General James
women: Native American jobs and roles
Native American relationship with men
Native American political role
western European jobs and roles
western European relationship with men
Puritan role and status
encouraged to emigrate to New France
in Maryland
Englishwomen's property rights compared with Dutch women's
rights in New York
shortage in Virginia
Salem witchcraft trials as reflections of gender repression and gendered power
Quaker treatment
and childrearing
education
and patriarchal authority
in colonial society
gender ideology
domestic skills
life expectancy
notable businesswomen
in eighteenth century
and spending
threat of consumerism to gender ideology
literacy
slave women experiences
treatment in New France
consumer revolution leads to lowering in status of Native American women
and voting rights
consequences of French and Indian War
see also families
Woodward, Dr Henry
woolen industry
Woolman, John
Worcester
writing: Mayan system
Wyandots
Wyatt, Sir Francis
Yacomicos
Yale
Yamacraws
Yamasee War (1715)
Yamasees: background
attack Florida
migrate to Florida after Yamasee War
Yeamans, Sir John
Yeardley, George
York, Maine
Zacatecas
Zenger, John Peter
Zheng He
Colonial America Page 97