411. Kaplan, op. cit.
412. John Anderson, New Yorker, 28 January 2002. Anderson also discovered that Mullah Omar, the head of state during the Taliban’s reign, played secular music on the CD player of his Toyota Land Cruiser.
413. Latifa, op. cit.
414. Los Angeles Times, 4 November 2001.
415. New York Times, 27 October 2002.
416. New York Times, 31 October 2002. In December 2003, at a nationwide convention called to draft a new constitution for Afghanistan, one of the hundred women delegates spoke out against the mujahideen present at the meeting. ‘Why have you again selected as committee chairman,’ she asked, ‘those criminals who have brought these disasters for Afghan people?’ According to the BBC, 18 December 2003 she had to be placed under UN protection. No women were elected to any of the committees set up by the convention.
417. Goldhagen, op. cit.
418. Washington Post, 4 April 1993.
419. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume 4: In Front of Your Nose, 1945–50, edited by Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus, Penguin Books, 1970.
420. ‘Rock turns mean and ugly’, by Greg Kot, rock music critic, Chicago Tribune, 18 November 1990.
421. New York Times, 6 November 2003. Ridgeway was known as ‘The Green River Killer’ and had been at large since the 1980s, when the first bodies of his victims began turning up on the banks of the Green River near Seattle.
422. Samuel Slipp, quoted in Misogyny: The Male Malady, by David Gilmore, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
423. It is interesting to compare the treatment of the Jews under the Roman authorities, when they did pose a real threat to Roman control of Judaea, to their fate under the Christians. In spite of two serious Jewish uprisings, the first in AD 66, and the second in AD 132, both of which were only suppressed at the cost of considerable bloodshed, the Romans did not enact anti-Semitic laws. The sort of religious and racial intolerance, which became a feature of Christianity, was largely foreign to Roman thinking.
424. Goldhagen, op. cit.
425. New York Times Magazine, 15 September 2002.
426. Fable for Another Time, translated by Mary Hudson, University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
427. Paz, op. cit.
428. Quoted by Pinker, op. cit.
429. Ibid.
430. Russell, op. cit.
431. Pinker, op. cit.
432. The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee: How our animal heritage affects the way we live, Vintage, 1992.
433. ‘To his Coy Mistress’, by Andrew Marvell, the Oxford Book of English Verse, edited by Christopher Ricks, Oxford University Press, 1999.
434. The Bonobo, or pigmy chimpanzee, is the only other primate in which ovulation is hidden. Bonobos are constantly sexually active, and like humans use sex for a wide variety of reasons other than for procreation. See Demonic Males: Apes and the origins of human violence, by Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, Mariner Books, 1996.
435. Survival of the Prettiest: The science of beauty, by Nancy Etcoff, Doubleday, 1999.
INDEX
Abbas, Mullah Mohammed 265–6
abbesses 105, 106
abolutionism 201
abortion 34, 76, 79, 138, 174, 175, 222, 227, 229, 230, 241, 243, 244–51, 267, 269
Acton, Dr William 187
Adam 69, 101, 106, 278
Adams, Abigail 199
Adams, John 199
adultery 21–2, 39, 40, 53, 70–1, 74, 76, 79, 195–6, 239, 258–9
Aeschylus 25
Afghanistan 4, 11, 30, 64, 194, 252–3, 259–67, 285
Africa 251, 254, 269, 276
Agamemnon (Aeschylus) 25
Agrippina 36, 55, 60–4
Agrippina the Elder 60, 61
alcohol 39, 45
Alexander the Great 48, 49, 102
Alexandria 94–6
altruism 192
Amazons 23–5, 26
Amberley, Lady 197
American Revolution 199
‘Angel in the House’ 187, 204
Anglican Church 237
Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare) 146
anti-Semitism 112, 128, 130, 214–17, 220, 222–5, 250
parallels with misogyny 214, 275–7
Antigone (Sophocles) 25, 26
apologies, for crimes against women 130
Aquitania 107–8
Aristophanes 41, 110
Aristotle 4, 17, 27, 31–3, 35, 67, 76, 132, 140–1, 211, 246, 279
Arras, Gautier d’ 110
asceticism 87, 104, 170, 215
Assaad, Nawal 252
Assumption of the Virgin Mary 99, 100
Astell, Mary 139, 179
Athens 20–4, 35, 36, 269
Atta, Mohamed 259
Auden, W. H. 209
Augustine, St 40, 75, 90–4, 98, 114
Augustus, Emperor 49–50, 51, 52, 53–4, 55, 56
Auschwitz 225
Australia 249
Austria 223
autonomy
female 24, 229
individual 136–7, 139, 140, 158, 208–9, 229, 243, 245, 286
male 17, 79–80, 106, 140–1, 163, 239, 278–80
babies, trade in 174
Babylon 15, 21
The Bacchae (Euripides) 25–6
Bacchus, cult of 45
Badada, Amare 244
Ban Zhao 174
Barrett, James H. 248
Bayard, Dr John 248
Beatrice (Portanari) 108
Beaujeu, Renaut de 107
beauty, women’s devotion to 180–1, 182, 198, 215, 227, 279, 285
Beauvoir, Simone de 84
Behn, Aphra 153–4
Belfast 3, 4, 5
bestiality 66, 195
Bibi, Mukhtaran 1, 259
Bibi, Zafran 258
Bible see Gospels; New Testament; Old Testament
bigamy 195
bin Laden, Osama 266
Binsfield, Peter, Bishop of Trier 121, 123
biological theory of misogyny 272–3
birth control see contraception
Black Death 113
Blackwell, Elizabeth 237
Blake, William 180
Blank Slate hypothesis 137, 202, 226, 280–1
Bloch, Ivan 215
Block, A.J. 189, 190
Bodin, Jean 124
body
politics of 236–67
revulsion and rejection of 80–2, 86, 89, 91–4, 95, 198, 285
Bogart, Humphrey 279
Bona Dea 76
Bond, Dr Thomas 206
Book of Rites 172, 173
boundary-crossers 23–6
Bowdler, Thomas 191
bra burners 183
Brahmins 168, 176
Brazil 243
breeding, selective 29, 30, 222
Britannicus 57, 59, 62, 63
Brontë, Charlotte 192
Brontë, Emily 192
Brown, Isaac Baker 189–90
Brown, Peter 86
Brutus, Decimus 47
Buddhism 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 177
burka 261, 263
Burt, John A. 250
Burton, Sir Richard 254
Bush, George W. 244, 266, 267
Byron, Lord 203
Caesar, Julius 47, 49
Caligula, Emperor 55, 56
The Canterbury Tales (Chaucer) 110–11
Caratacus 62
castration 86, 273
Cathars 105, 109, 112, 124
Catholic Church
and contraception and abortion 241–3, 246, 247–8, 249
and cult of Virgin Mary 97–104, 240
and misogyny 4, 5–6, 11, 111–12, 240
and Platonism 89–90
and Reformation 133–4
restricts role of women 88, 89, 105–6, 112
view of sex 139
Catiline, Lucius 46, 47
Cato the Elder 43–4, 56, 83, 119
celibacy 77, 81–2, 86, 88, 133, 217
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand 278
Celts 10, 16, 20
Central America 245
chaperones 21
Chapman, Annie 206
chastity 105, 162, 163
Chaucer, Geoffrey 110–11
child brothels 191
child-brides 176
childbirth
mortality in 34, 35, 76, 176, 266
suffering in 137, 138, 193–4, 238, 255
children
China’s one child policy 228–9
prejudice against girl 174, 175, 269
pressure to produce 52, 55, 222, 238
and witchcraft 124, 125
China 30, 34, 168, 170, 171, 172–5, 227–9, 233
Chinese Revolution 175
chloroform 138, 194
choice, battle for 229, 237, 243, 245–51, 284–5
Christianity
early church and misogyny 67–96
growth of 77–8, 86–8
importance of women in early church 75–6, 77, 78, 105
origin of its misogyny 67–8
and status of women 79, 88
see also Catholic Church; Fall of Man; Original Sin; Protestantism
City of God (St Augustine) 92, 93–4
city states, Greek 17, 20, 22
Clauber, Professor Carl 224
Claudius, Emperor 55, 56–63
Cleland, James 165
Clement of Alexandria 82, 85
Cleopatra 36, 48–50
clerical misogyny 88, 106, 107
clitoris 210–12, 273
clitoridectomy 189–90, 210, 251, 252, 269
Clytemnestra 25
Le Code Napoléon 194–5
colonies
anti-colonial movement 251
status of women in 126, 139, 197–8
Common Sense (Paine) 178–9
communism 227–8, 235
concentration camps 224–5
condoms 140, 154, 237, 238, 242
confession
in church 106, 112
to witchcraft 121, 123, 125
Confessions (St Augustine) 91–3
Confraternity of the Holy Rosary 116
Confucianism 168, 170, 172–3, 175
Connolly, James 184
Constantine, Emperor 78, 88
contraception 77, 138, 140, 154, 184, 222,237–40, 241–4
convents 104–6
Copernicus, Nicholas 129, 130, 132, 134
Coriolanus 42
corsets 133, 138, 141
courtly love 107–10, 112
Coutinho, Elsimar 243
creation myths 12, 17, 68, 168, 278
crimes against women, apologies for 130
Cromwell, Oliver 140
cults, Roman 44–6
Cultural Revolution 228
cunnilingus 171
cunt, as a term of contempt 2–3, 6, 171
Cyril of Alexandria, St 95–6, 98–9
Dante Alighieri 108
Darwin, Charles 14, 32, 202, 208, 280–2
David Copperfield (Dickens) 192
Day of Judgement 71
death penalty 39, 40, 46, 53, 70–1, 74, 88
for witchcraft 123–6
Defoe, Daniel 136, 155–8, 163
dehumanization 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 23, 110, 128, 161, 235, 236, 240, 267
democracy 20, 141, 199–200, 209, 286
Democritus 21
demons 113, 114–18, 120, 125, 127, 276
Demosthenes 23
denouncements 123
Descartes, René 181
the Devil 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 125, 127, 130, 276
Diamond, Jared 283
Dickens, Charles 184–5, 191–2
dildos 154
Dio Cassius 34
The Divine Comedy (Dante) 108
divorce 21, 39–40, 53, 194–5, 226, 246, 255
Dogon tribe 210
domestic slavery 227, 255, 257, 264
dualist ideology 7–8, 10, 15, 27, 30, 35, 67, 81, 89–90, 103, 128, 159, 169, 170, 177, 180–1, 182, 211, 212–14, 225–6, 227, 235, 279, 280
Dubois, Abbé 169, 172, 175–6
Eddowes, Catherine 206
education 21, 27, 29, 105, 133, 135–6, 156, 174, 175–6, 178, 182, 196, 199, 209, 256, 260, 261, 263, 266, 269
Egypt 252, 256
Ancient 15, 48–9
Ehrenberg, Philip Adolf von 124
Eisenbaum, Pamela 80
Eleanor of Aquitaine 106–7, 110
Electra (Sophocles) 25
Eliot, George 192
Eliot, T.S. 141
Elizabeth I, Queen 132
Ellis, Henry Havelock 57
elopement 88
Elvira, Church Council of 88
Engels, Freidrich 9, 225, 239
English Civil War 138–9, 140
engulfment 273, 278–9
Enlightenment 11, 162, 178, 208–9, 229, 240, 280, 282, 286
entertainment 261
Ephesus, Council of 98–9
Epicoene (Jonson) 142–3
equality of the sexes
Christianity and 79
Enlightenment view of 208–9, 282
philosophers on 137, 202
political 11
in Soviet Union 226
spiritual 78–9
and women’s movement 239
see also Blank Slate hypothesis; sexes, differences between
Eros 19–20
Etcoff, Nancy 285
Euripides 19, 25, 26
Eve 12, 69, 70, 84, 93, 101, 106, 138, 275, 278
evolution 14, 280–2, 285
exposure at birth 33–4, 38, 76, 79
Ezekiel 72–3
Fall of Man 12, 14, 15, 16, 31, 67, 69, 84, 85, 92–3, 138, 213–14, 246, 253, 275, 278, 280, 281
family planning see contraception
family unit 30, 139, 152
family-based dynasties 17–18, 57, 59, 60
Fanny Hill (Cleland) 165
fantasies, sexual 66, 127, 220
fashion 132–3, 138, 181
father-daughter relationship 150, 152
female circumcision see genital mutilation
feminism/feminists 8, 29–30, 179–83, 201, 215, 236, 274, 281
financial independence 195
foot-binding 174–5
Ford, Ford Maddox 215
foreign policy, and women’s rights 267
France 124, 240, 247, 265–6
French Revolution 164, 178, 179, 182, 194
Freud, Sigmund 9, 19, 45, 111, 208, 209–13, 273
Fu Hsuan 173
‘gag rule’ 244
Galileo Galilei 130, 132
Gallus, Gaius Sulpicius 39, 110
gang rape 1, 233, 259
Genesis 12, 68, 69, 70, 137, 214, 281
genital mutilation 2, 189–90, 207, 210, 251–2, 269
genocide 223–5, 232, 277
Germanicus 60, 61, 63
Germany 124, 275
see also Nazi regime
Geto Boys (rap group) 269
Ghazali 255–6
ghettos 223–4
Gibbon, Edward 86, 96
Gilgamesh 15–16
Gilmore, David 274
Gimbutas, Marija 9
gladiators, female 64–5
Gladstone, William 196
God
divine disapproval of women 71–3, 279
New Testament 73, 78–9
Old Testament 69–73
Plato’s view of 31
as a woman 9
Goddard, William 143
goddesses
Great Goddess 9–10, 76
Greek 16–17
Hindu 168
gods, Greek 13, 15, 16–17
Godwin, William 180, 182
Goldhagen, Daniel 268
Gospels 73–5, 101
Graecina, Pomponia 75
Graves, Robert 20
Greece,
Ancient 10, 12–35, 36, 37, 42, 67, 269
Greek tragedy 25–7, 145, 146
Greenaway, Kate 190
Greer, Germaine 215
Griese, Fr Orville 241
Griffin, Michael 248, 250
Grossman, Vasily 229
Guardians, Plato’s 28–31, 78, 79, 90, 227
Gunn, Dr David 248, 250
Guttentag, Marcia 78
Guy-Sheftall, Beverly 201
Hamlet (Shakespeare) 146–50, 151, 180
Hammurabi, King 21
Hartford, Connecticut 125
Heaney, Seamus 1
hedonism 153
Heer, Friedrich 107–8, 112
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 252–3, 260, 261, 267
Helen of Troy 18–19, 48
Hepburn, Katharine 279
heresy 109, 113, 115, 121, 124, 128
hermits 87
Herodotus 23
Hesiod 13, 15, 18
Higginbotham, Leon 200–1
Hilarion 33
Hill, Paul 248–9
Himmler, Heinrich 222
Hinduism 168–9, 170, 171, 176, 233
Hippolyta (Euripides) 26
The History of Juliette (Sade) 165–6
history, the story of men 8
Hitler, Adolf 204, 216–23, 229, 245, 248, 249, 250, 276, 279
Holocaust 128, 223–5, 229, 247, 248, 249, 250
Homer 18
homosexuality 71, 89, 188, 218, 265
Hopkins, Matthew 125
Horace 50
Hortensia 51–2
Huizinga, J. 130
human rights organizations 230, 231, 235, 258
Humanae Vitae 242
Hypatia of Alexandria 94–6, 98
Ibn al-Arabi 255
Ibrahim, Said 252
Ice Cube (rapper) 270
icons 103–4
Immaculate Conception 101, 102, 240–1, 246
Incarnation 100, 102, 103, 113, 275
India 34, 168–9, 170, 172, 175–8, 233, 251, 269
industrial revolution 183–5
infanticide 2, 33–4, 38, 76, 79, 231–2
Innocent III, Pope 105, 109, 112, 117–18
Inquisitors/Inquisition 96, 116, 118, 120–3, 124, 127, 129
Intra Uterine Device (IUD) 240
Iran 256–7
Ireland 115, 240, 245
Isaiah 71–2
Isis 76
Islam 170, 177, 252–67, 253–6, 285
see also Moslems, persecution of
Italy 247
Jack the Ripper 4, 171, 204–7, 233
James I & VI, King 135, 193
Japan 174, 233
Jerome, St 86
Jesus Christ 67, 68, 87, 275
attitude to women 73–5, 78–9, 85
consubstantial nature of 99–100
women blamed for suffering and death of 84–5
Jews and Judaism 12, 67–73, 112, 128, 130, 159, 214–17, 222–5, 250, 275–6
Joan of Arc 130
John, St 73–4, 89–90, 101
John XXII, Pope 115
A Brief History of Misogyny: The World's Oldest Prejudice Page 32