A Brief History of Misogyny: The World's Oldest Prejudice

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by Holland, Jack


  John the Baptist 74, 87

  John Paul II, Pope 242, 243, 247

  Jonson, Ben 142–3

  Judaea 12, 68

  Judaism see Jews and Judaism

  Julia 36, 54–6, 60

  Juvenal 57–9, 65, 83, 142, 152

  Kaechon political prison 2, 230–2

  Kamasutra 169, 172, 254

  Kant, Immanuel 202–3

  Kelly, Mary Jane 206

  Kenya 251

  Khan, Jamal 258

  Khomeini, Ayatollah 256, 257

  Kim Il-sung 230

  King hear (Shakespeare) 146, 150–1

  Knox, John 134

  Konarak, temple of 169

  Kopp, James C. 249–50

  Kramer, Henry 116–17, 118, 119–20, 121, 122, 127, 129

  Ku Klux Klan 250

  Kubizek, August 217

  Kyteler, Lady Alice 115

  land ownership 22, 35, 107

  law

  equality in 11

  regulation of women by 11, 20, 21, 22–3, 37, 38–9, 53–4, 194–5, 256–8, 261–2

  and women’s rights 132, 133

  Lawal, Amina 2

  Ledrede, Richard, Bishop of Ossory 115

  Lee, Ok-tan 231

  Lee, Sun-ok 2, 230–2

  Lenin, Vladimir 226–7

  Lepidus, Marcus 51

  Lex Julia 53–4, 76

  liberalism 53, 137, 138–9

  Liberius I, Pope 103

  literature

  17th and 18th century 141–54

  Greek 25–7, 145, 146

  medieval 107–11

  misogyny in 25–7, 141–54, 191–2

  novels and women 155–8, 159–61

  Roman 57–9, 65

  Victorian 191–2

  see also pornography

  Livia, Empress 57

  Livy 41, 43, 44, 45, 52, 56

  Locke, John 137–9, 141, 182

  London, Jack 185–6

  Lourdes 240

  love

  in literature 107–10, 282–4

  in marriage 156–7

  Lucretia, rape of 40–1, 161

  Luke, St 74, 101

  Luther, Martin 133

  Lysistrata (Aristophanes) 41

  Macbeth (Shakespeare) 146

  McCalyane, Euphanie 193

  Macusis tribe 167–8

  magic, belief in 113

  The Mahabharata 175, 176

  make-up 30, 83, 143, 181, 199, 221, 227, 228, 261, 262, 263, 265, 281,285

  male seed, women as passive receptors of 17, 33, 234

  Malleus Maleficarum (Sprenger and Kramer) 116, 118–20, 122, 123, 127, 129

  Mao Zedong 30, 227–8, 245

  Marcion 73

  Mark Antony 49–50, 51, 56

  Mark, St 74, 75, 101

  Marot, Clement 142

  marriage 21, 39, 52–3, 76–7, 79, 87, 88, 132, 134, 176, 195

  choice of partner 139, 156

  as companionship 136, 152, 198

  Married Woman’s Property Act (1870) 195

  martyrs, Christian 66, 77

  Marvell, Andrew 283

  Marwar, Raja of 177

  Marx, Karl/Marxism 68, 208, 225–8, 239, 274

  Mary Magdalene 75

  masturbation 188–90, 210, 217

  Mather, Rev. Cotton 198–9

  matriarchy 8–10

  Matthew, St 73, 74, 101

  Mau Mau 251

  Maximus, Valerius 39, 51

  Mayhew, Henry 185

  Measure for Measure (Shakespeare) 161

  Medea (Euripides) 25

  Menelaus 18, 19

  Mengele, Joseph 224

  menstruation 73, 167–8, 176, 202, 255, 283

  Mesopotamia 15–16

  Messalina 36, 55, 56–60, 61, 188

  Metellus, Egnatius 39

  Middle Ages 97–130, 269, 275

  Middle East 245, 251, 252, 254, 256–7, 267

  Miles, Rosalind 9

  Mill, John Stuart 201–2

  millenarianism 100

  Milton, John 134

  misogyny

  in Ancient Greece 12–35

  in Ancient Rome 36–66

  between 1500 and 1800 131–66

  characteristics of 270

  ‘the common sense of society’ 268–70

  complexity of 5, 271–2

  first use of term 131

  in Middle Ages 97–130

  origins of 12, 277, 278

  and rise of Christianity 67–96

  theories of 272–4

  twentieth century 208–67

  in Victorian era 167–207

  missionaries 186

  modesty 39, 80, 82–4

  Mohammed, Prophet 254, 255

  Moll Flanders (Defoe) 156

  monasticism 104–6, 170

  Monica, St 90–1

  monsters, female 276

  morality, cycles of 153, 155, 159

  More, Thomas 135

  Moslems, persecution of 233, 234–5

  motherhood

  Nazi view of 212, 216, 219–20, 221, 222

  see also childbirth; children

  Mott, Lucretia 201

  Mubarak, President 252

  music hall 193

  mutilated males, women as 33, 35, 211

  My Secret Life 205

  myths 14, 20

  nakedness 223–5

  Napoleon 194–5, 203

  Nasser, Gamel Abdel 256

  nationalism 232, 233, 235

  Nazi regime 11, 30, 123, 128, 159, 212, 216–25, 235, 237, 247, 257, 261, 264, 265, 276, 285

  Nepos, Cornelius 42

  Nero, Emperor 60, 62–4

  Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople 98–9

  New Guinea 272

  New Testament 73–5, 78–82, 101

  New World 125–6, 197–8

  New Zealand 209, 215

  Newcastle, Margaret, Duchess of 136

  Nichols, Mary Ann 205

  Nietzsche, Friedrich 203–4, 212–13, 216, 222, 279

  Nigeria 2

  North Korea 2, 227, 230–2

  North Vietnam 227

  Northern Ireland 2–3

  novels 155–8, 159–61

  nuns 104–6

  Nuremberg Laws 11, 261

  nutritive role of women 17, 33, 141

  Nyiramasuhuko, Pauline 277

  nymphomania 57–8, 188

  obedience 104

  Octavian see Augustus

  Old Testament 12, 68, 69–73

  Operation Rescue 247

  Oppian Laws 42–4

  Orestes 95–6

  orgiastic practices 45, 169, 172

  Origen 86, 90

  Original Sin 6–7, 31, 68, 84, 93, 94, 100–2, 137, 214, 241, 246

  Orwell, George 123, 269

  Othello (Shakespeare) 151

  ‘The Other’, woman as 15, 232, 272

  Ovid 169

  ovulation 283–4

  Ozick, Cynthia 223

  Paine, Thomas 178–9, 180, 199

  Pakistan 1, 257–9, 260–1, 264, 267

  Pamela (Richardson) 159–61, 191

  Pandora 12–15, 17, 18, 19, 31, 69, 278

  paradise, myth of 16

  Parthenon 24

  passivity 104

  patriarchy 8, 239, 274

  Paul, St 75, 78–82, 86, 101, 139

  Paul VI, Pope 242

  pay, women’s 184

  Paz, Octavio 169, 278

  penis envy 211, 212

  the Perfects 109

  The Perfumed Garden 254, 263

  Pericles 36

  Pilgrim Fathers 198

  pill, the 238–40

  Pinker, Steven 281, 282

  Pisa, Christine de 135

  Pius IX, Pope 101, 240, 246

  Pius XII, Pope 99

  Planned Parenthood 250

  Plato 27–31, 34, 35, 67, 78, 79, 89–90, 91, 92, 102, 128, 135, 202, 214, 227, 228, 279, 282

  Plutarch 49

>   Poland 126, 223–4

  political affairs

  women’s role in 51–2, 61–3, 64, 108, 138–9

  see also suffrage

  political equality 11

  polygamy 173, 254, 255

  Pomeroy, Sarah 15

  Pope, Alexander 159

  Popper, Karl 28

  population, male-female ratio in 34–5, 174, 175

  pornography 24–5, 163–6, 193, 205

  Portugal 240

  possession 126

  poverty 185

  pre-natal sex tests 175

  priesthood 106

  Priestly, Joseph 180

  prisons, women’s 2, 230–2

  pro-life movement 229, 244, 245, 248–51, 277

  Prometheus 13, 69

  promiscuity 56–7, 186, 187, 239

  property 22, 35, 107, 132, 158, 195, 239, 269, 274

  prostitution 23, 34, 46, 53–4, 66, 89, 176, 186, 206, 207, 217, 271

  Protestantism 134, 135–6

  fundamentalist 11, 89, 138, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249

  psychological differences between the sexes 210, 281–2

  psychological theory of misogyny 273

  Ptolemy 49

  public protests 42–4, 51–2

  punishments, for women 2, 65–6, 96, 109, 132, 198, 221, 230–1, 255–7, 258, 262

  Puritans 125–6, 140, 198

  purity, celebration of 6, 160–2

  racism 30, 220, 232, 234, 267, 268

  rakes 152–4

  rap culture 269–70

  rape 1, 21–2, 40–1, 66, 162, 200, 220–1, 233, 257–9, 259

  as cause of divorce 21, 195

  and consent 242–3

  in war 233–5, 277

  Rape of Nanking 233

  Raubal, Geli 217

  Reagan, Ronald 244

  reason 162, 181

  Red Army 233–4

  Reformation 124, 128, 133–4, 198, 240

  religion

  women and 75–6, 77, 133–4

  see also Buddhism; Christianity; Confucianism; cults, Roman; Hinduism; Islam; Jews and Judaism; Taoism

  Religious Tract Society 186

  remarriage 176, 178

  Remy, Nicholas 124

  reproduction 17, 29, 139, 140–1, 237

  The Republic (Plato) 27, 28–31, 34, 90, 135, 227, 228

  Restoration 153

  revolutionaries, women as 46–8

  Richardson, Samuel 159–61, 163

  Ridgeway, Gary 271

  Robbins, Marty 276

  Rochester, John Wilmot, Earl of 152–3, 154

  Rohm, Ernest 220

  Rolling Stones 270

  Romantic movement 202

  Rome, Ancient 10, 21, 36–66, 85

  Romulus 38, 39, 41

  Roosevelt, Theodore 237–8

  Rosenberg, Alfred 221

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 161–3, 165, 166, 202, 204, 279

  Roxana (Defoe) 156, 157–8, 163

  Rudolph, Eric Robert 250

  Russell, Bertrand 32, 75, 90, 136, 182, 239, 281

  Russian Revolution 209, 226

  Rwanda 232, 277

  Sabine women, rape of the 41

  Sade, Marquis de 165–6

  Salem, Massachusetts 125–6

  Sallust 46–8

  salvation, concept of 85

  Sanger, Margaret 250

  sati 176–8, 251

  Saudi Arabia 267

  Schliemann, Heinrich 174–5

  Schopenhauer, Arthur 203, 204, 213, 216, 222

  scientific revolution 7, 132, 140–1, 183, 240, 241, 280

  Scotland 124, 125

  Scotus, Duns 101

  seclusion 21, 42, 163, 173, 254, 255, 269

  Second Coming 100

  Secord, Paul 78

  self-sacrifice 192

  semen, retention of 171

  Sempronia 36, 46–7, 50

  Seneca 54, 55

  September 11th 252, 259–60, 265

  Serbia 234–5

  serial killers 204–7, 271

  sex

  attempts to suppress women’s sexuality 84, 161, 285

  demonic 115–18, 120, 125, 126, 127

  desire as man’s punishment 94, 187

  humiliation and shame of 4–5, 70, 80–2, 91–3, 112, 139–40

  and liberalism 139–40

  for recreation as well as procreation 139–40, 154–5, 169, 172, 238

  Victorian views of 186–90, 208

  women’s right to display sexuality 285

  Sex and Character (Weiniger) 213–15

  sexes, differences between 29–30, 79, 202, 210, 226, 228, 280–2

  sexual revolution 11, 56, 77, 172, 228, 237–40

  Shaftesbury, Lord 195

  Shakespeare, William 49, 50, 144–52, 161, 191–2

  shame, sense of 70, 80–2, 91–3, 112, 139–40

  shaving 121–2

  Shelley, Mary 182

  Simpson, Agnes 193

  Simpson, James Young 193–4

  sin, concept of 67, 69–70, 80–1, 112, 170

  Sixth Satire (Juvenal) 57–8, 59, 65

  Sixtus V, Pope 246

  slavery 20–1, 23, 33, 34, 200–1, 274

  Slepian, Dr Barnett A. 249

  slums 183–6

  social engineering 227–8

  Socrates 28, 29, 30

  sodomy 195

  Solon 22–3

  Sophocles 25

  souls 132

  South America 167, 245, 272

  Southeast Asia 245, 269

  Soviet Union 226–7, 229, 233–4, 247, 260–1, 264

  Sparta 34–5

  Sprenger, James 116–17, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 127, 129

  Stalin, Joseph 123, 229, 245, 247

  Stanton, Elizabeth Cady 201

  Stark, Rodney 77–8

  Stephens, Walter 114, 119, 127–8

  sterilization 224

  Stone, Lawrence 134, 139

  Streicher, Julius 219–20

  Stride, Elizabeth 206

  Suarez, Francisco 102

  The Subjection of Women (Mill) 201

  suffrage 20, 51–2, 108, 178–9, 182, 196–7, 201, 209, 215, 256, 260, 277

  suffragette movement 52

  Summers, Rev. Montague 129

  suttee 176–8, 251

  Swetman, Joseph 141

  Switzerland 124, 125, 126

  Tacitus, Cornelius 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 75

  Taliban 4, 11, 30, 64, 194, 261–7, 285

  The Taming of the Shrew (Shakespeare) 144–5

  Tantrism 171–2

  Taoism 168, 170, 171, 175

  tar and feathers 3

  Tarquinius Superbus, King of Rome 40, 41

  The Tempest (Shakespeare) 152

  terrorism 252, 259–60

  Tertullian 4, 82–5, 89, 279

  Thanatos 20

  Theodosius I, Emperor 88

  Theory of Forms, Plato’s 30–1, 32, 35, 89–90, 92

  Third World 11

  Thomas Aquinas, St 106, 112, 114, 279

  Tiberius, Emperor 54, 60, 61

  Tocqueville, Alexis de 126, 199–200

  torture 121, 122–3, 125

  totalitarian states 11, 28, 30, 112, 121, 123, 229–30, 259–66

  tribalism 232

  troubadours 107, 108, 109–10

  Troy 18, 19

  Truth, Sojourner 201

  UNICEF 266, 269

  United States 178, 197–201, 209, 237, 241, 244, 245, 247–51, 252, 259–61, 266–7

  Utopia 27, 28–30, 227

  Utopia (More) 135

  vagina, engulfment by 273

  vaginal fluids, imbibing 171

  vanity 42–4, 71–2, 83, 180–1, 198

  Vasseur, Thérèse le 163

  the veil 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 263, 269

  venereal disease 140, 186

  Venusian figurines 9–10

  Vestal Virgins 44–5, 88

  Victoria, Queen 194, 197
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  Victorian era 178, 183–97, 204–7, 208

  A Vindication of the Rights of Women (Wollstonecraft) 179–83

  violence, by women against women 277

  Virgin Mary 5–6, 7, 10, 97–104, 116, 240

  virginity 76, 82, 87, 102, 104

  virtue and sexual purity 23, 40–1, 71, 102–4, 162, 234

  the vote see suffrage

  war, and misogynistic acts 233–5

  Warner, Marina 108, 110

  warrior women 24

  Weiniger, Otto 8, 10, 213–16, 222, 276

  West, Rebecca 125

  widows 76, 176–7, 178, 251

  The Wife of Bath (Chaucer) 110–11

  wife beating 3, 39, 139, 185–6, 195, 267

  The Winter’s Tale (Shakespeare) 152

  witchdoctors 210, 211

  witches 45–6, 96, 112–30, 198, 207, 274–5

  burnings and executions 4, 115, 116, 121, 122, 123–4, 125, 269

  witch-hunts 97, 109, 118, 121, 124, 127–8, 141

  Wittgenstein, Ludwig 215

  Wollstonecraft, Mary 179–83, 285

  womb-envy 210

  women’s rights 11, 182, 194–7, 199, 201, 209, 214–15, 216, 225, 235, 239, 267, 277, 286

  women as opponents of 197

  Wonder Woman 24

  working conditions 184

  World Health Organization 245

  wrestlers, women 24

  Yang Chen 174

  Yugoslavia 234–5

  Zia ul-Huq, General 257, 258, 261

 

 

 


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