Notorious Victoria
Page 33
26. Even brought a change of status . . .: St. Louis Table of City Officers, 1865–67, p. 654.
27. Once said he worked for the good . . .: Roger Deane Harris, p. 78.
28. Blood left his family . . .: Sachs, p. 45.
29. “Henceforth life seemed . . .”: St. Ruth, p. 10.
30. For the moment . . .: Sachs, p. 46.
PITTSBURGH, 1868
Pages 26–28
1. They signed a document . . .: Stern, The Victoria Woodhull Reader, p. 2.
2. Women had been the backbone . . .: Smith-Rosenberg, pp. 154–58.
3. Princess of Beelzebub: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, p. 232.
4. All of them sent “streams” . . .: Noyes, p. 565; Moore, p. 71.
5. Extreme radical . . .: Tilton, “Biography of Victoria Claflin Woodhull,” p. 24.
6. “When staying at Pittsburgh . . .”: St. Ruth, pp. 10–11.
NEW YORK CITY, 1868
Pages 29–33
1. Victoria’s spirit guide . . .: Sachs, p. 46; St. Ruth, p. 11.
2. Which was crowded with pimps . . .: Sante, p. 65.
3. Dirtiest streets of Glasgow . . .: Macrae, p. 77.
4. The city’s horse population . . .: Gordon, p. 37.
5. New York was at once home . . .: Macrae, p. 75; Rugoff, Prudery and Passion, p. 252.
6. They discovered they were missing . . .: St. Ruth, pp. 13–14.
7. Having earned millions . . .: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, p. 48.
8. Regular afternoon refreshment . . .: Hoyt, p. 177.
9. His uniform . . .: Gordon, p. 285.
10. He was “rugged, profane . . .”: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, pp. 47–48.
11. His wife, Sophia . . .: Hoyt, p. 177.
12. He had lost seven million dollars . . .: Gordon, p. 171.
13. “Entirely superseded public interest . . .”: Gordon, p. 175.
14. Aside from horses . . .: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, p. 47.
15. Even bringing her to his office . . .: Vanderbilt, p. 43.
16. Vanderbilt’s son Cornelius . . .: Hoyt, p. 190.
17. His son was epileptic . . .: Vanderbilt, p. 17.
18. He would give nearly anything . . .: Hoyt, p. 144.
19. He had a reputation . . .: Gordon, p. 62.
NEW YORK CITY, SEPTEMBER 1869
Pages 34–39
1. The split began to form . . .: Harper, pp. 193–94; Barry, pp. 137, 194.
2. “Marriage has ever been . . .”: Barry, p. 139.
3. The moderates thought the vote . . .: Barry, p. 195.
4. Also on the stage was Virginia Minor . . .: Stanton, Anthony, and Gage, pp. 407–9.
5. “Mummified and fossilated females . . .”: Harper, p. 264.
6. “Laboring under the feelings . . .”: Sherr, p. 146.
7. “Teacup hurricanes”: St. Ruth, p. 17.
8. “The Coming Woman” . . .: The Evening Star, Jan. 21, 1869.
9. Five of the 40,736 lawyers . . .: Sutherland, p. 165.
10. “Title to absolute equality”: St. Ruth, pp. 13–14.
11. “When I first came to Wall Street . . .”: The Wall Street Journal, Aug. 11, 1927, p. 15.
12. “This step we were induced to take . . .”: Clews, p. 442.
13. In the summer of 1869: Hoyt, p. 193.
14. Wall Street crashed . . .: Gordon, p. 256.
15. Victoria sat in a carriage . . .: New York Herald, Jan. 22, 1870, p. 10.
16. “Bold operator”: BPL, VCW autobiographical notes.
17. But she had lost money . . .: St. Ruth, p. 15.
18. “Let women of wealth . . .”: Barry, p. 213.
19. “It was never intended . . .”: SIU, VCW letter to the Pittsburgh Leader, ca. 1873.
NEW YORK CITY, FEBRUARY 1870
Pages 40–52
1. The Hoffman House hotel was best known . . .: Morris, p. 111.
2. “Queens of Finance” . . .: New York Herald, Jan. 22, 1870, p. 1.
3. A man named John Bortels . . .: Sachs, p. 39.
4. The Herald, which was the best source . . .: Gordon, p. 77.
5. “Here is something . . .”: New York Herald, Jan. 22, 1870, p. 6.
6. Vanderbilt gave them seven thousand dollars . . .: The Wall Street Journal, Aug. 11, 1927, p. 15.
7. As a sign to the Fourth National Bank . . .: The World, Feb. 8, 1870, p. 5.
8. The location had been vacated . . .: The World, Feb. 8, 1870, p. 5; Byrnes, p. 313.
9. Fisk had been a barker . . .: Lynch, The Wild Seventies, p. 39.
10. Traders sang songs . . .: The World, Feb. 8, 1870, p. 5.
11. “Conversational powers . . .”: The World, Feb. 8, 1870, p. 5.
12. “Woodhull & Claflin opened . . .”: The Sun, Feb. 7, 1870, p. 1.
13. “Considerable commotion . . .”: New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1870, p. 7.
14. “Without any signs of headache . . .”: New York Herald, Feb. 6, 1870, p. 3.
15. Clerical assistance . . .: New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1870, p. 7.
16. “Their extraordinary coolness . . .”: New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1870, p. 7.
17. Broadway grocers . . .: The World, March 20, 1870.
18. “They Prove Too Smart for the Forgers”: The World, March 20, 1870.
19. “Sketch of the Company” . . .: New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1870, p. 7.
20. The lawyer took a piece of paper . . .: The Sun, March 26, 1870.
NEW YORK CITY, APRIL 1870
Pages 53–57
1. “Universally thrown dirt . . .”: New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1870, p. 7.
2. Had given her a weekly column . . .: Stapen, p. 83.
3. “While others of my sex . . .”: New York Herald, April 2, 1870.
4. “The lady brokers . . .”: New York Dispatch, April 3, 1870, p. 5.
5. It was a massive brownstone. . .:. The World, Sept. 24, 1870, p. 5; Stern, The Pantarch, pp. 113–14.
6. “Marvellous magician”: The World, Sept. 24, 1870, p. 5.
7. Roamed from room to room . . .: Tilton, “Biography of Victoria Claflin Woodhull,” p. 16.
8. “Mrs. Woodhull offers herself . . .”: New York Herald, May 27, 1870, p. 6.
NEW YORK CITY, MAY 1870
Pages 58–68
1. “The newspaper is half . . .”: Macrae, p. 582.
2. The New York Evening Post . . .: Morris, p. 85.
3. Charles Dana’s Sun . . .: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, pp. 154–55.
4. The World was the leading . . .: Lynch, The Wild Seventies, p. 210.
5. Horace Greeley’s Tribune . . .: Lacour-Gayet, p. 243.
6. The Herald . . .: Gordon, p. 77; Rugoff, Prudery and Passion, p. 254.
7. The Brooklyn Eagle . . .: Lynch, The Wild Seventies, p. 43.
8. The New York Times . . .: Lynch, The Wild Seventies, p. 66.
9. The Woman’s Journal . . .: Harper, p. 361.
10. The Revolution . . .: Sherr, p. 198; Harper, p. 363; Barry, p. 225.
11. “This Journal will be . . .”: WCW, May 14, 1870, p. 8.
12. “[It] has voices . . .”: Edward H. G. Clark, “The Thunderbolt,” reprinted in WCW, May 17, 1873.
13. Focused almost exclusively . . .: Harper, p. 326.
14. They did not even dare . . .: Harper, pp. 324–25.
15. “Nothing was gained”: Stanton, Anthony, and Gage, p. 427.
16. “Hen conventions”: Paulina Wright Davis, p. 16; The Evening Star, Jan. 11, 1871, p. 1.
17. “The two hostile factions . . .”: New York Herald article reprinted in WCW, May 28, 1870, p. 11.
18. Brought one such man . . .: Ross, Charmers and Cranks, p. 115.
19. Andrews had once worked . . .: Stern, The Pantarch, p. 70.
20. “Every bit the apostle . . .”: Bernstein, p. 102.
21. Climbed the steps . . .: Stern, The Pantarch, p. 108.
22. He aspired to no less . . .: Herreshoff, p. 84.
; 23. Professor Pearlo . . .: SIU, VCW autobiographical notes.
24. He believed that all ideas . . .: Stern, The Pantarch, p. 35.
25. They agreed to allow him . . .: Stern, The Pantarch, p. 109.
26. “I am a somewhat irrepressible character . . .”: WCW, Oct. 1, 1870, p. 11.
27. “At that time” . . .: Clews, p. 442.
28. The editorial we . . .: WCW, Nov. 19, 1870, p. 9.
29. “To the public . . .”: WCW, Nov. 5, 1870, p. 8.
30. “[Saying] that we were immoral . . .”: Clews, p. 443.
31. One of the strongest voices . . .: Bernstein, p. 56.
32. Had a very respectable circulation . . .: Ross, Ladies of the Press, p. 32.
33. Andrews was featured . . .: The World, Oct.2, 1870, p. 1.
34. A Sun reporter went . . .: Sun article reprinted in WCW, Oct. 3, 1870, p. 3.
35. “Henry Ward Beecher Arraigned . . .”: WCW, Oct. 29, 1870, p. 6.
NEW YORK CITY, NOVEMBER 1870
Pages 69–71
1. “Startling Annunciation . . .”: WCW, Nov. 19, 1870, p. 8.
2. “The hideous front . . .”: Macrae, p. 583.
3. “The best abused . . .”: McCabe, pp. 206–7.
4. Butler was a shrewd politician . . .: Foner, p. 210.
5. He was short and stout . . .: McCabe, p. 207.
6. “The question is forever settled . . .”: WCW, Nov. 19, 1870, p. 9.
7. On December 22, 1870 . . .: WCW, Jan. 7, 1871, p. 1; Daily Morning Chronicle, Jan. 9, 1871, p. 2.
8. “I went at night . . .”: BPL, VCW autobiographical notes.
WASHINGTON, D.C., JANUARY 1871
Pages 72–82
1. “At precisely the hour . . .”: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 6.
2. Whose “single aim” . . .: Harper, p. 373.
3. “Industriously pulling wires”: The New York Tribune, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 1.
4. Isabella Beecher Hooker said. . .: SIU, notes from interview between IBH and JBM, Chicago, May 13, 1892, p. 1.
5. “Find this woman . . .”: SIU, notes from interview between IBH and JBM, Chicago, May 13, 1892, p. 2.
6. Senator Samuel Clarke Pomeroy . . .: Harper, p. 375.
7. They hastened . . .: The Independent, Jan. 26, 1871, p. 1.
8. “At the head of the class . . .”: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 6.
9. “She is young, pretty . . .”: The Evening Star, Jan. 11, 1871, p. 1.
10. Women had been employed . . .: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, p. 15; McCabe, pp. 216–21.
11. “Eldridge, of Wisconsin . . .”: The New York Herald, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 3.
12. By the time Victoria . . .: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 6.
13. Victoria stood, removed her hat . . .: The Evening Star, Jan. 11, 1871, p. 1.
14. “That she was born . . .”: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 6.
15. Giving one of her blandest . . .: New York Herald, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 3.
16. Aunt Susan . . .: The New York Tribune, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 1.
17. Anthony took the floor . . .: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 6.
18. “Other speeches were made” . . .: New York Herald, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 3.
19. “Mr. Cook of Illinois . . .”: New York Tribune, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 1.
20. “Man’s rights and women’s wrongs”: Paulina Wright Davis, pp. 86–87.
21. Isabella Beecher Hooker called. . .: The Daily Morning Chronicle, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 4.
22. Victoria was terrified . . .: SIU, notes from interview between IBH and JBM, Chicago, May 13, 1892, p. 2; The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 6.
23. “Although it would seem . . .”: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 6.
24. When the convention reconvened . . .: New York Herald, Jan. 12, 1871, p. 3.
25. The women’s rights veteran . . .: WCW, March 4, 1871, p. 8.
26. “Monument of buried hopes”: Paulina Wright Davis, p. 6.
27. “When the English . . .”: Paulina Wright Davis, p. 86.
28. Victoria was named . . .: The Evening Star, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 1; The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1871, p. 4.
29. While most women contributed . . .: New York Herald, Jan. 13, 1871, p. 3; The New York Times, Jan. 14, 1871, p. 1.
30. “Slab-sided spinster” . . .: Sherr, pp. 3–4.
31. “I, with the thousands . . .”: The Daily Morning Chronicle, Jan. 14, 1871, p. 4.
32. Throughout Anthony’s address . . .: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1871, p. 8.
33. “But where was the lost Tennie . . .”: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1871, p. 8.
34. “My dear, when you take . . .”: Sachs, p. 82.
WASHINGTON, D.C., FEBRUARY 1871
Pages 83–87
1. As promised, Judge Loughridge . . .: House of Representatives, 41st Cong., 3d sess., Report No. 22, Part 2, Views of the Minority.
2. John Bingham of Ohio . . .: House of Representatives, 41st Cong., 3d sess., Report No. 22, p. 4.
3. “Were there no prejudices . . .”: BPL, VCW autobiographical notes.
4. The city awoke early . . .: McCabe, p. 65.
5. The richly carpeted . . .: McCabe, pp. 95, 114.
6. “She wanted, for some vague . . .”: New York Daily Tribune, Feb. 20, 1872, p. 5.
7. Victoria was also hoping . . .: The New York Times, Feb. 2, 1871, p. 1.
8. On Feb. 6, her request . . .: The New York Tribune, Feb. 7, 1871, p. 8.
9. “Holy Scripture inculcates . . .”: The Press—Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1871, p. 8.
10. On Feb. 16, the women. . .: WCW, March 4, 1871, p. 8.
11. When Victoria rose to speak . . .: WCW, March 4, 1871, p. 8.
12. Her face went colorless . . .: WCW, March 4, 1871, p. 8.
13. “I come before you . . .”: Woodhull, A Lecture on Constitutional Equality.
14. “Dear Woodhull . . .”: SIU, SBA to VCW, Columbus, Ohio, Feb. 28, 1871.
NEW YORK CITY, APRIL 1871
Pages 88–94
1. It was a familiar tactic . . .: Matthews, p. 23.
2. Victoria’s weakness for men . . .: Morris, p. 131.
3. It called Victoria a Jezebel: WCW, March 18, 1871, p. 9.
4. The married trader Jim Fisk . . .: Swanberg, p. 2.
5. The Herald publisher . . .: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, pp. 144–45.
6. William Marcy “Boss” Tweed . . .: Lynch, “Boss” Tweed, p. 145.
7. A woman named Annie . . .: The New York Tribune, Feb. 22, 1871, p. 3; New York Herald, Jan. 22, 1871, p. 8.
8. Embraced Victoria . . .: SIU, IBH to VCW, Feb. 16, 1871.
9. “I want you to use . . .”: SIU, IBH to VCW, n.d.
10. Envoys representing . . .: WCW, Feb. 11, 1871, p. 9.
11. Other newspapers were trying . . .: WCW, April 8, 1871, p. 1.
12. Publicly, on the lecture circuit . . .: WCW, March 25, 1871, p. 9.
13. “Under all the curses . . .”: Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, IBH quoting VCW in a letter to SBA, March 11 and 14, 1871.
14. “Have just returned . . .”: Smith College, ECS to Milo A. Townsend, April 5, 1871.
15. “I have thot . . .”: Smith College, ECS to Lucretia Mott, April 1, 1871.
16. Published accusations . . .: The Christian Union, April 19, 1871, p. 253.
17. “It seems to us . . .”: The Golden Age, April 22, 1871, p. 1.
NEW YORK CITY, EARLY MAY 1871
Pages 95–99
1. “The women’s suffrage . . .”: New York Herald, May 12, 1871, p. 6.
2. “Woman Suffrage Anniversary . . .”: New York Daily Tribune, May 12, 1871, p. 2.
3. “The Anniversaries Woodhull’s . . .”: New York Herald, May 12, 1871, p. 4.
4. “Woodhull’s Women”: New York Herald, May 13, 1871, p. 4.
5. Noise from wagons . . .: New York Daily Tribune, May 12, 1871,
p. 2.
6. “I have had ample occasion . . .”: “The New Rebellion, The Great Secession Speech,” reprinted in Paulina Wright Davis; New York Daily Tribune, May 12, 1871, p. 2.
7. It called for a complete . . .: Stern, The Victoria Woodhull Reader, pp. 9–12.
8. The press cried “Free Love:” . . .: New York Daily Tribune, May 12, 1871, p. 5.
9. “Perhaps the single . . .”: Waller, p. 1.
10. The phrase was coined . . .: Spurlock, pp. 48–49.
11. Was adopted in earnest . . .: Noyes, p. 94; Spurlock, pp. 123, 138.
12. During the 1870s, 80 percent . . .: Sutherland, p. 126.
13. But promiscuity was already rampant . . .: Sears, p. 22; Fuller, p. 150.
14. Victoria herself believed that true love . . .: Sears, p. 22.
15. The paper’s editor Horace Greeley . . .: Barry, p. 177.
16. “For ourselves, we toss . . .”: New York Daily Tribune, May 12, 1871, p. 4.
17. Isabella Beecher Hooker responded . . .: Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, IBH to Sarah Burger Stearns, spring 1871.
NEW YORK CITY, MID-MAY 1871
Pages 100–11
1. “The preliminary . . .”: The New York Herald, May 16, 1871, p. 3.
2. “Physicians, lawyers . . .”: New York Herald, May 17, 1871, p. 10.
3. The day after the court . . .: The Christian Union, May 17, 1871, p. 1.
4. “Exposition of all the wildest . . .”: Stowe, p. 257; The Christian Union, May 31, 1871, p. 1.
5. The distinction was lost . . .: Hedrick, p. 379; WCW, June 24, 1871, p. 3.
6. “Mankind was divisible . . .”: Macrae, p. 60.
7. Her era’s Dr. Spock . . .: David Brion Davis, p. 13.
8. “Gloomily religious”: Beach, p. 219.
9. “Good, womanly and sincere”: Johnston, Runaway to Heaven, p. 408.
10. Brush with controversy . . .: Johnston, Runaway to Heaven, p. 407.
11. Sinclair Lewis said . . .: Hibben, p. vii.
12. Beecher was “St. Augustine . . .”: Hibben, p. vii.
13. “Democrats abhor him . . .”: Macrae, p. 61.