Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier

by Charles Spencer

  [42] Letter of Salvius to the Riksrad of Hamburg, May 1631, in Benecke, Germany in the Thirty Years’ War, p. 35

  [43] Diary of William Crowne, Gent., quoted in Benecke, Germany in the Thirty Years’ War, p. 99.

  [44] Elizabeth of Bohemia, quoted in Maurice Ashley, Rupert of the Rhine, (London: 1976) p. 10.

  [45] Lansdowne MSS 817, f.157, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. I, p. 50.

  [46] Charles Louis to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 16/26 September 1632, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 62.

  [47] Charles I to Robert, Earl of Leicester, April 1638, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 65.

  [48] Harl. MSS 6988.88: Charles I to Prince Maurice, 4 July 1643, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 68.

  [49] Elizabeth of Bohemia to Sir Henry Vane, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I, 1635-6, pp. 206-7.

  [50] Sir Thomas Roe to Elizabeth of Bohemia, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I, 1636-7, p. 71.

  [51] Thomas Carew’s poem, in Poems (Oxford: 1949) p. 77; quoted in C. V. Wedgwood, The King’s Peace, (London: 1955).

  [52] Martin Parker, A True Tale of Robin Hood, stanza 116 (London: 1632).

  [53] Earl of Clarendon, History of the Rebellion, vol. I (of VI) (Oxford: 1732) p. 74.

  [54] Prince Charles Louis to Elizabeth of Bohemia, from Oatlands, 22 September 1636, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 83.

  [55] Archbishop Laud, Works, vol. V, p. 150.

  [56] Sophie, Electress of Hanover, Memoires et Lettres de Voyage, ed. Dirk Van der Cruysse (Paris: 1990) p. 43.

  [57] Mr Boothby, King’s Collection of Pamphlets, BL 266.17, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, pp. 59-60.

  [58] Elizabeth of Bohemia, quoted in W. G. Perrin, The Autobiography of Phineas Pett, (1918) pp. 162-3.

  [59] Sir Thomas Roe to Elizabeth of Bohemia, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I, 1637, p. xxvi.

  [60] Prince Charles Louis to Elizabeth of Bohemia, from Whitehall, 24 May 1637, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 86.

  [61] Calendar of State Papers Domestic Series, Charles I, 1637, p. 82.

  [62] Bernard Fergusson, Rupert of the Rhine, (London: 1953) p. 19.

  [63] Prince Rupert’s life story, probably written by Colonel Bennet, the prince’s secretary, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. I, p. 453.

  [64] Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 90.

  [65] Pyne’s MS, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 90.

  [66] Elizabeth of Bohemia, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 91.

  [67] BL E 21 (24): London Post, No. 16, (London: 17 December 1644) pp. 2-3.

  [68] Prince Rupert His Declaration, (Oxford: 1642) p. 5.

  [69] Bennet MSS, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 93.

  [70] Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 96.

  [71] Bennet MSS, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 97.

  [72] Charles Louis to Elizabeth of Bohemia, 17 December 1638, quoted in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 103.

  [73] Letter of Countess de Lowenstein, from The Fairfax Correspondence, vol. I, p. 322, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 98.

  [74] Sophie, Electress of Hanover, Memoires et Lettres de Voyage, p. 40.

  [75] BL E 164 (i I): A Revelation of Mr Brigtmans Revelation anon., 1641, p. 11.

  [76] BL E 18 (8): A Prophecie of the Life, Reigne, and Death of William Laud, printed for R. A. (London: 1644) p. 2.

  [77] The Holy Rebell, printed by Stephen Bulkeley (York: 1642).

  [78] BL E 196 (7): The Lord Digbyes Speech In The House of Commons, (London: January 1641) p. 24.

  [79] Memoirs of Prince Rupert, Warburton, vol. I, p. 241.

  [80] BL E 60 (I): Sir Francis Bacon, Cases of Treason (London: 1641).

  [81] Edward Symmons, A Military Sermon, preached at Shrewsbury, March 1644 (Oxford: 1644) p. 33.

  [82] BL E 238 (24): Two Declarations of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, printed by R. O. and G. D. for Joseph Hunscott (London: 1642) p. 3.

  [83] BL E 402: John Corbet, A true and impartial History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester (London: 1647).

  [84] The Devotions and Formes of Prayer, Daily Used in the King of Sweden’s Army, printed for Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne (London: 1632) p. 1.

  [85] A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 67.

  [86] Prince Rupert His Declaration, p. 5.

  [87] BL E 121 (10): Prince Robert’s Message to my Lord of Essex, printed for Thomas Banks (London: 6 October 1642) p. 5.

  [88] BL E 238 (22): Some Speciall Passages from Westminster, London, Yorke, and other parts, No. 7, anon. (London: July 1642) p. 8.

  [89] John Cruso, Militarie Instructions for the Cavallrie: or Rules and Directions for the Service of Horse, Rectified and Supplied, According to the Present Practice of the Low-Country Wars, (Cambridge: 1632) p. 1.

  [90] Ibid., pp. 3-4.

  [91] Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 2.

  [92] Ibid.

  [93] BL E 48 (8): John Vernon, The Young Horse-man, or The Honest Plain-dealing Cavalier, (London: 1644) p. 10.

  [94] Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 383.

  [95] Mas. 52, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 389.

  [96] Clarendon, quoted in Mark Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers (London: 1976).

  [97] Rupert to the Mayor of Leicester, 6 September 1642, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 394.

  [98] Charles to the Mayor and Aldermen of Leicester, written from Nottingham, 8 September 1642, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 395.

  [99] An exact description of Prince Rupert’s Malignant She-Monkey, a great Delinquent ..., quoted in Patrick Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, (London: 1976) p. 406.

  [100] BL E 383 (5): The Character of a Cavalier, with his Brother Separatist, printed for W. H. (London: 1647) p. 3.

  [101] ‘Propositions and Orders of both Houses for bringing in Money and Plate for maintaining Horse, &c.’, quoted in Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. II (of VI), p. 649.

  [102] BL E 112 (39): Being Comfortable Tydings for Both Houses of Parliament: Exceeding Joyful Newes from the Prince, anon. (London: 19 August 1642).

  [103] BL E 99 (I4): The Bloody Prince, or a Declaration of the Most Cruell Practises of Prince Rupert, I. W. (London: 1643) pp. 26-7.

  [104] Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman (London: 1622) p. 10.

  [105] BL E 90 (4): A Warning-Piece To all His Majesties Subjects of England, anon. (Oxford: February 1643) p. 4.

  [106] BL E 1186 (7): The Cavaliers Catechism, printed for Richard Burton (London: 1647) p. 3.

  [107] Robert Plot, The Natural History of Staffordshire, (Oxford: 1686).

  [108] Prince Rupert’s Disguises, anon. (London: 1643).

  [109] John Taylor the Water Poet, All the Workes (London: 1630).

  [110] BL E 121 (I0): Prince Robert’s Message to My Lord of Essex, pp. 4-5.

  [111] BL E 402: John Corbet, A True and Impartial History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester, p. 12.

  [112] BL E 121 (26): True, But Sad and Dolefull Newes from Shrewsbury ... anon. (London: 10 October 1642) p. 4.

  [113] BL E 121 (22): A Letter Sent from the Lord Falkland unto the Rt Hon Henry, Earl of Cumberland (London: 7 October 1642).

  [114] BL E 121 (26): op. cit., p. 5.

  [115] Ibid., p. 7.

  [116] BL E 402: op. cit., (London: 1647) p. 13.

  [117] Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 26.

  [118] Thomas Sprat, Lord Bishop of Rochester, The History of the Royal Society of London, For the Improving of Natural Knowledge (London: 1680) p. 73.

  [119] BL E 117 (6): A Letter written from the Right Honorable the Earle of Bedford, to a Lord of the House of Peeres, printed for Hugh Perry (London: is September 1642) p. 2.

  [120] BL E 121 (12): True Intelligence and Joyfull Newes from Ludlow, printed for Thomas Rider (London: 6 October 1642) p. 2. />
  [121] Thomas More, Utopia, from Complete Works, vol. 4, ed. Edward Surtz (New Haven: 1965) p. 64.

  [122] BL E 117 (7): The Resolution of the Gentry and Commonalty in the County of Nottingham ..., printed for Henry Fowler (15 September 1642) p. 3.

  [123] BL E I 2 I (19): A Worthy Speech Spoken to the King’s most Excellent Majesty by the Recorder of Hereford, printed for Henry Hutton (London: 7 October 1642).

  [124] BL E 117 (8): A Discourse upon the Questions in Debate between the King and Parliament, anon. (September 1642) p. 19.

  [125] BL E 121 (16): A true Coppy of the Instructions agreed upon by the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament and sent to his Excellency the Earl of Essex, printed for Fr. Coles (London: 4 October 1642).

  [126] BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 121.

  [127] Quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. II, p. 12.

  [128] Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. II (of VI), p. 673.

  [129] Ibid., vol. III (of VI), p. 43.

  [130] Quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 20.

  [131] William Ranson, vicar of Barton, A Sermon preached in the Metropoliticall Church of York, upon the 19 Day of May ..., (York: May 1644) p. 7.

  [132] Sir Richard Bulstrode, Memoirs and Reflections upon the Reign and Government of Charles I and Charles II (London: 1720 p. 81.

  [133] J. Vicars, Jehovah Jireh, God in the Mount (1644), p. 166, quoted in C. Scott, A. Turton, and Dr E. G. von Arni, Edgehill: The Battle Reinterpreted, p. 30.

  [134] A Cavalry Officer, Cavalry Tactics (London: 1897) p. 31.

  [135] Clarendon, vol. III (of VI), p. 48.

  [136] Quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 21.

  [137] Quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 40.

  [138] J. Adair, By the Sword Divided (London: 2001) p. 15, quoted in Scott et al, Edgehill: The Battle Reinterpreted, p. 44.

  [139] BL E 48 (8): Vernon, The Young Horse-man, or The Honest Plain-dealing Cavalier p. 3.

  [140] Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 426.

  [141] ‘Prince Rupert His Declaration’, p. 2.

  [142] Quoted in Christopher Hill, God’s Englishman (London: 1970); pp. 64-5 and in Raymond South, ‘Royal Castle, Rebel Town’ (Birmingham: 1981) p.47.

  [143] BL E 402: Corbet, A true and impartial History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester, p. 13.

  [144] BL E 123 (20): quoted in South, Royal Castle, Rebel Town, p. 31.

  [145] BL E 127 (10): Exceeding Joyful News out of Surrey, Shewing the proceedings of Prince Robert and his mischievous Cavaliers, printed for John Johnson (London: 1642) p. 4.

  [146] BL E 127 (12): Special Passages, anon. (November 1642) p. 119.

  [147] Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 80.

  [148] BL E 121 (10): Prince Robert’s Message to my Lord of Essex, p. 6.

  [149] BL E 127 (27): The Two Speeches of the Lord Wharton, Spoken in Guildhall, October 27 1642, printed for Samuel Gellibrand (London: 1642) final page.

  [150] Prince Rupert His Declaration, p. 2.

  [151] London’s Alacritie, printed for Thomas Lambert (London: 1643). Pamphlet on p. 8 of ‘Collection of Broadsides’, BL 74/1870 D 1 No. 8.

  [152] BL E 127 (15): A true and perfect Relation of the chief Passages in Middlesex, printed for John Johnson (London: November 1642) pp. 4-6.

  [153] His Majestie’s Speech Delivered the Twenty second of January 1643, at Oxford (Oxford: 1643) p. 3.

  [154] Secretary Nicholas to Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. II, p. 115.

  [155] BL E 288.1 (3): Exchange Intelligencer, No. 4 anon. (London: June 1645) p. 28.

  [156] BL ADD MS 62085A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 25.

  [157] Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 169.

  [158] King Charles to Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, vol. II. p. 168.

  [159] BL ADD MS 18982: Rupert Correspondence, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 113.

  [160] Ibid. pp. 113-4.

  [161] BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 25 (obverse).

  [162] Ibid.

  [163] Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 237.

  [164] Bishop of Derry, A Sermon, preached in Yorke Minster, Before his Excellence the Marquess of Newcastle, Being then ready to meet the Scotch Army (York: 1643) p. 9.

  [165] Cruso, Militarie Instructions for the Cavallrie, p. 89.

  [166] His Highness Prince Rupert’s late beating up the Rebels’ quarters at Postcomb and Chinnor, p. 7, quoted in Morrah, pp. 117-8.

  [167] BL E 402: Corbet, History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester, p. 14.

  [168] ‘Quip’ (aka Phil Barnes), ‘Unbeaten Tracks of the West’, 25 January 1938 (unpublished), quoted in ‘Forgotten Tales’, West Country Life, 2 July 2005, pp. 18-19.

  [169] A True Relation of the Taking of Bristol, the Several Circumstances as it was sent in a letter by an eye-witness to the Governor at Oxford, July 30, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 264.

  [170] Baron de Gomme, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, pp. 258-9.

  [171] The Earl of Sunderland to his wife, 25 August 1643, from Gloucester, quoted in Charles Spencer, The Spencer Family (London: 1999), p. 44.

  [172] Baron de Gomme, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 262.

  [173] Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes, A Relation made to the House of Commons, 5 August 1643, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 267.

  [174] BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, p. 7 [obverse]: King Charles to Prince Rupert, from Oxford, 28 July 1643.

  [175] ‘Memoirs of Richard Atkyns’ in Military Memoirs: The Civil War, ed. Peter Young (1967), p. 28.

  [176] Cleveland, aupertismus’, from Poems, ed. 168 1, p. 51.

  [177] The Earl of Newcastle to Prince Rupert, from Lincoln, 7 August 1643.

  [178] Memoirs of Sir Philip Warwick, p. 227, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. I, p. 367.

  [179] Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 43.

  [180] Warburton, vol. II, p. 307.

  [181] Clarendon, vol. II (of VI), p. 311.

  [182] Ibid., p. 344.

  [183] Ibid., vol. III (of VI), p. 385.

  [184] Ibid., vol. I (of VI), p. 3.

  [185] Bishop of Derry, A Sermon, preached in Yorke Minster, Before his Excellence the Marquess of Newcastle, p. 8.

  [186] Clarendon, op. cit., vol. II (of VI), p. 426.

  [187] Bellum Civile: Hopton’s Narrative of the Campaign in the West, p. 59, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 125.

  [188] Clarendon, op. cit., vol. III (of VI), p. 309.

  [189] Thomas Carte, An History of the Life of James, Duke of Ormonde, vol. VI, p. 277, quoted in Morrah, p. 404.

  [190] Clarendon, op. cit., vol. III (of VI), pp. 198-9.

  [191] The Ladies Parliament, quoted in Morrah, p. 403.

  [192] Saunderson’s Charles the First, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 110 .

  [193] BL E 402 (4): Verses on the Siege of Gloucester and Colonel Massey (London: August 1647).

  [194] Earl of Sunderland to his wife, 25 August 1643, from Gloucester, quoted in Spencer, The Spencer Family, p. 44.

  [195] BL E 401 (12): The Declaration of General Massey and Colonel General Poyntz, (London: 1647) p. 2.

  [196] Clarendon: Selections from ‘The History of the Rebellion’ and ‘The Life by Himself, ed. Gertrude Huehns, (Oxford: 1978) pp. 58-9.

  [197] BL Clarendon MS: 1738, quoted in John Barratt, Cavalier Generals, (Barnsley: 2004) p. 125.

  [198] Clarendon, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 306.

  [199] The Best News That Ever Was Printed — Prince Rupert’s resolution to be gone to his Mother, who has sent for him, printed for I. A. (London: 1643), Thomason Tracts, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 148. />
  [200] A Nest of Perfidious Vipers, printed for G. Bishop, September 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 118.

  [201] An Answer to ‘Prince Rupert’s Declaration, 16 February 1643, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 125.

  [202] BL E 160 (8): Calybute Downing, A Discoverie of the false Grounds the Bavarian party have layd, to settle their own Faction, and shake the Peace of the Empire, (London: 1641) p. 7.

  [203] Carte, An History of the Life of James Duke of Ormonde, vol. V, pp. 520-1 , quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 133.

  [204] Ranson, A Sermon preached in the Metropoliticall Church of York, upon the 19 Day of May ..., p. 8.

  [205] Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Morrah, p. 136.

  [206] Carte, An History of the Life of James Duke of Ormonde, vol. V, pp. 337-8, quoted in Barratt, Cavalier Generals, pp. 32-3.

  [207] Baker’s Chronicle, 551, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. II, p. 395.

  [208] The king to Prince Rupert, from Oxford, 25 March 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, pp. 397-8.

  [209] Clarendon, History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 466.

  [210] The Marquess of Newcastle to Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 397.

  [211] BL ADD MS 62085A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, p. 11 (a).

  [212] ‘The Tickenhill Letter’, Charles I to Prince Rupert, 15 June 1644.

  [213] The king to Prince Rupert, probably 16 June 1644, quoted in Malcolm Wanklyn and Frank Jones, A Military History of the English Civil War (London: 2005) p. 179.

  [214] The Countess of Derby, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 429.

  [215] Sir John Meldrum, quoted in Barratt, Cavalier Generals.

  [216] Carte, An History of the Life of James Duke of Ormonde, vol. V, p. 15i, quoted in Morrah, p. 149.

  [217] BL E 2: Simon Ash, A Continuation of True Intelligence from the English and Scottish Forces, in the North for the service of King and Parliament, and now beleaguering York, 16 June-10 July 1644, p. 2.

  [218] Scottish Dove, No. 39,5-13 July 1644, p. 306.

  [219] The Marquess of Newcastle to Prince Rupert, from York, 1 July 1644, Pythouse Papers, p. 19.

  [220] BL E 2: op. cit., p. 3.

  [221] Newcastle to Prince Rupert, quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 30.