2nd Company of the Polish Artillery Train Battalion
Auxiliary
A Company of Polish Sapper Battalion
CORPS CAVALRY: General of Division Kaminski
18th Light Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade Joseph Niemojewski
4th Polish Chasseurs a Cheval
19th Light Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade Tadeus Tyskiewicz
1st Polish Chasseurs a Cheval
12th Polish Lancer Regiment
20th Light Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade Prince Antoine Sulkowski
5th Polish Chasseurs a Cheval
13th Polish Hussars
RESERVE ARTILLERY: Colonel Antoine Gorski
2nd Polish Horse Artillery Company (6 guns)
14th Polish Foot Artillery Company (6 guns)
Polish Regimental Artillery (3 guns)
Auxiliary
4th and 5th of the Polish Artillery Train Battalion
One Company of Polish Pontonniers
Two companies of Polish Sapper Battalion
4 companies of Polish Battalion of Military Equipage.
VIII CORPS: General of Division Andoche Junot
23RD INFANTRY DIVISION: General of Division Jean-Victor Tharreau
1st Brigade: General of Brigade François Auguste Damas
3rd (Westphalian) Light Battalion
2nd (Westphalian) Line
6th (Westphalian) Line
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Karl Heinrich von Borstel
2nd (Westphalian) Light
3rd (Westphalian)
7th (Westphalian) Line
Artillery: Captain Frede
1st Westphalian Foot (8 guns)
1st Westphalian Artillery Train Company
24TH INFANTRY DIVISION: General of Division Adam Ludwig von Ochs
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Edouard Legras
Westphalian Guard Grenadiers Battalion
Westphalian Guard Jäger Battalion Westphalian Jäger-Carabinier Battalion
1st (Westphalian) Light Battalion
Artillery: Captain Lamaitre
2nd Westphalian Foot (8 guns)
Westphalian Guard Horse Artillery Battery (4 guns)
3rd Westphalian Train Company.
CORPS CAVALRY: General of Brigade Hans Georg von HammersteinEquord
24th Light Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade von Hammerstein-Equord
1st Westphalian Hussars
2nd Westphalian Hussars
Guard Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade Marc François Wolf
Westphalian Chevau-léger Regiment of the Guard
Artillery
Westphalian Guard Horse Artillery Battery (2 guns)
Artillery Park: Chef de battailon Schulz
Detachment of Westphalian reserve artillery (no guns)
4th Westphalian Train Company Westphalian sapper Company
Detachment of Westphalian Artillery Artisans
Detachment of Westphalian Military Equipage
Detachment of Westphalian gendarmerie.
CAVALRY RESERVE: Marshal Joachim Murat, King of Naples
1st RESERVE CAVALRY CORPS: General of Division Etienne-Marie-
Antoine-Champion Nansouty
1ST LIGHT CAVALRY DIVISION: General of Division Pierre Joseph Bruyères
3rd Light Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade Claude-Charles Jacquinot
7th Hussar Regiment
9th Chevau-léger Regiment
4th Light Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade Hippolyte-Marie-Guillaume Pire
16th Chasseurs a Cheval Regiment
8th Hussar Regiment
15th Light Cavalry Brigade: General of Brigade Joseph Nienwieski
6th Polish Lancer Regiment
8th Polish Lancer Regiment
2nd Combined Prussian Hussar Regiment
Brandenburg Hussar Regiment No. 3 (3rd & 4th Squadrons)
Pomeranian Hussar Regiment No. 5 (1st & 3rd Squadrons)
Artillery
7th Company of the 6th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
1ST CUIRASSIER DIVISION: General of Division Antoine Louis St Germaine
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Adrien-François Bruno
2nd Cuirassier Regiment
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Bertrand Bessières
3rd Cuirassier Regiment
3rd Brigade: General of Brigade Mathieu Quenot
9th Cuirassier Regiment
1st Squadron of the1st Chevau-léger Regiment
Artillery
1st Company of the 5th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
3rd Company of the 5th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
5TH CUIRASSIER DIVISION: General of Division Valence de Timbrune de Thiembronne
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Nicolas Reynaud
6th Cuirassier Regiment
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Pierre-François-Marie-Auguste Dejean
11th Cuirassier Regiment
3rd Brigade: General of Brigade Armand-Charles-Louis de Lagrange le Lievre
12th Cuirassier Regiment
1st Squadron of the 5th Chevau-léger Regiment
Artillery
4th Company of the 5th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
5th Company of the 5th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
II RESERVE CAVALRY CORPS: General of Division Louis-Pierre Montbrun
2ND LIGHT CAVALRY DIVISION: General of Division Claude Pierre Pajol
7th Light Brigade: Colonel Desirat
11th Chasseur a Cheval Regiment
12th Chasseur a Cheval Regiment
8th Light Brigade: General of Brigade Andre Burthe
5th Hussar Regiment
9th Hussar Regiment
16th Light Brigade: General of Brigade Jacques-Gervais Subervie
3rd Württemberg Jäger zu Pferd
1st Combined Prussian Lancer Regiment
Silesian Lancer Regiment No. 2 (3rd & 4th Squadrons)
Brandenburg Lancer Regiment No. 3 (3rd & 4th Squadrons)
10th Polish Hussar Regiment
Artillery
1st Company of the 4th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
2ND CUIRASSIER DIVISION: General of Division Pierre Wathier (de Saint Alphonse)
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Louis-Chrétien Beaumont
5th Cuirassier Regiment
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Jean Louis
8th Cuirassier Regiment
3rd Brigade: General of Brigade Joseph-Philippe
10th Cuirassier Regiment
1st Squadron of the 2nd Chevau-léger Regiment
Artillery
1st Company of the 2nd Horse Artillery (6 guns)
4th Company of 2nd Horse Artillery (6 guns)
4TH CUIRASSIER DIVISION: General of Division Jean-Marie Antoine Defrance
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Louis-Claude Chouard
1st Carabinier Regiment
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Pierre-Louis-François Paultre de Lamotte 2nd Carabinier Regiment
3rd Brigade: General of Brigade Joseph Bouvier des Eclaz
1st Cuirassier Regiment
4th Squadron of the 4th Chevau-léger Regiment
Artillery
3rd Company of the 1st Horse Artillery (6 guns)
4th Company of the 1st Horse Artillery (6 guns)
III RESERVE CAVALRY CORPS: General of Division Emmanuel Grouchy
3RD LIGHT CAVALRY DIVISION: General of Division Louis-Pierre-
Aimé Chastel
11th Light Brigade: General of Brigade Pierre-Edme Gauthrin
6th Hussar Regiment
8th Chasseur à Cheval Regiment
10th Light Brigade: General of Brigade François-Joseph Gérard
6th Chasseur à Cheval Regiment 25th Chasseur a Cheval Regiment
17th Light Brigade: General of Brigade Jean Baptiste
1st Bavarian Chevau-léger
2nd Bavarian Chevau-léger Regiment Saxon Prinz Albrecht Chevau-làger Regiment
Artillery
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br /> 6th Company of the 6th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
6TH HEAVY CAVALRY DIVISION: General of Division Armand Lebrun La Houssaye
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Nicolas-Marin
7th Dragoon Regiment 23rd Dragoon Regiment
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Denis-Etienne Seron
28th Dragoon Regiment
30th Dragoon Regiment
Artillery
4th Company of the 6th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
5th Company of the 6th Horse Artillery (6 guns)
IV RESERVE CAVALRY CORPS: General of Division Marie-VictorNicolas de Fay de Latour-Maubourg
4TH LIGHT CAVALRY DIVISION: General of Division Alexander Rozniecki
29th Light Brigade: General of Brigade Kazimierz Turno
3rd Polish Lancer Regiment
15th Polish Lancer Regiment
16th Polish Lancer Regiment
Artillery
3rd Polish Horse Artillery (6 guns)
4th Polish Horse Artillery (6 guns)
7TH CUIRASSIER DIVISION: General of Division Jean-Thomas-Guillaume Lorge
1st Brigade: Generalmajor Jobann Adolf von Thielemann
Zastrow Cuirassier Regiment
Saxon Gardes du Corps
14th Polish Cuirassier Regiment
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Helmut Auguste von Lepel
1st Westphalian Cuirassier Regiment
2nd Westphalian Cuirassier Regiment
Artillery
2nd Westphalian Horse Battery (6 guns)
2nd Saxon Horse Battery von Hiller (6 guns)
Glossary
Abatis: An obstacle or barricade of trees, often with bent or sharpened branches directed toward an enemy.
Auxiliary: Non-combatant, support, troops.
Bataillon de Guerre: Active battalion in a French regiment.
Brigade: Military unit consisting of two or more regiments.
Brustwehr: A defensive wall or elevation in a fortification.
Cantinière: Female camp-follower selling food and drink to the troops.
Carabinier(s): Mounted trooper armed with a carbine.
Chasseur(s) à Cheval: In the French Army, a light cavalryman.
Chasseur(s) à Pied: In the French Army, a light infantryman.
Chef d’Escadrons: French military rank, in charge of two squadrons.
Chef de Bataillon: French military rank, in charge of a battalion.
Chef(s): In the Russian Army, a colonel-proprietor in charge of a regiment.
Chevau(x)-Léger: In the French Army, light cavalry units, often Polish.
Company: Tactical unit, part of a battalion.
Corps: Self-contained military operational unit consisting of two or more infantry and cavalry divisions, with artillery and engineer forces.
Corps de Bataille: At Borodino, ad hoc Russian military component that included two corps, e.g. corps de bataille of Gorchakov and of Miloradovich.
Cossack(s): Irregular cavalry force in the Russian Army, famous for their harassing tactics.
Cuirassier(s): Heavy cavalryman protected by an iron breastplate (cuirass).
Division: Military unit consisting of two or more brigades.
Dragoon(s): Heavy cavalryman armed with a short musket.
Ekipazh/Equipage: Russian military unit established from the crews of the Imperial court’s yacht and galleys in St Petersburg in 1810.
État Major: General Staff of the French Army.
Fascine: A long bundle of sticks bound together, used in building earthworks and in strengthening ramparts.
Flèche(s): Small V-shaped military fortification.
Flügel Adjutant: Special rank granted by the Russian Emperor to staff and junior officers of the imperial suite.
Fusilier(s): Soldier armed with a light flintlock musket called a fusil.
Gendarmerie: Military body charged with police duties.
General-proviantmaster: In the Russian Army, an official in charge of supplies and forage.
Grand Equerry: Master of the Horse, one of the Great Officers of the French court, in charge of the royal or imperial stables.
Grenadier(s) à Cheval: Mounted grenadiers.
Grenadier(s) à Pied: Foot grenadiers.
Grenadier(s): Originally, a specialized assault soldier who would throw grenades and storm breaches; by early 19th century, élite troops drawn from veterans and noted for their size and discipline.
Horse Artillery: Artillery drawn by horses, which allowed for higher manoeuvrability.
Howitzer: Type of artillery piece with a relatively short barrel, used to propel large projectiles at medium velocities over a curved trajectory.
Hussar(s): Light cavalryman, armed with sabre and dressed in an elaborate short cloak
Imperial Guard: Napoleon’s élite military formation.
Jäger(s): Light infantry, often employed to skirmish ahead of the main infantry lines, and harass and delay the enemy advance.
Leib: In the Russian Army, a term indicating unit’s special status, i.e. Leib-Grenadier or Leib-Cuirassier Regiments; used as “Leib-Gvardii” for élite Guard units.
Licorne: In the Russian Army, a type of cannon that combined characteristics of howitzer and cannon.
Lieue: French unit of measurement equal to an English league or 2.4 miles.
Lunette: A wide-V shaped fortification with two projecting shoulders.
Musketeer(s): Infantryman armed with a musket; in the Russian army, a generic term for infantry units until 1811.
Nagaika: A short, thick whip with round cross-section used by Cossacks.
Old Guard: Napoleon’s élite unit, part of the Imperial Guard.
Opolchenye(s): In the Russian Army, a militia force that was recruited in provinces.
Opisaniye: Title of the official account of the Battle of Borodino written by Karl Toll
Palisade: A fence of pales or stakes set firmly in the ground for enclosure or defence.
Peloton: Tactical unit within a company or squadron.
Pioneer(s): Combat engineers.
Pontoon: Flat-bottomed boat or a float used to cross water obstacles.
Pontonnier(s): Combat engineers used to construct crossings over the bodies of water.
Pud: Russian measurement of weight, equal to 16.4 kg or 36.2 pounds.
Redan: French term for a V-shaped fortification.
Redoubt: Military fortification consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement.
Rezervnii: In the Russian Army, a reserve unit.
Rotmistr: In the Russian cavalry, a rank of the 9th class (in the Guard cavalry – 7th class), equal to a captain in the infantry.
Roubles: Russian currency.
Sapper(s): Combat engineer(s).
Sazhen: Russian measurement of length equal to 3m or 7 feet.
Shantsy: Old Russian term for a fortification.
Sotnya: A Cossack unit, literally meaning ‘one hundred.’
Sous-Lieutenant: French junior officer rank.
Sub Lieutenant: Russian junior oficer rank of the 13th class in regular infantry (in guard – 10th class; in artillery – 12th class), below a lieutenant.
Tartar(s): Collective name applied to the Turkic speaking people within the Russian Empire.
Tirailleur(s): Sharpshooters, light infantry trained to skirmish ahead of the main forces.
Toises: French measurement of length equal to 1.94m or 2.13 yards.
Uezds: Russian administrative unit.
Uhlan(s): Light cavalrymen armed with lances and known for their double breasted jackets (kurtka) and a square topped Polish lancer cap (czapka).
Versta: Russian measurement of length, equal to 1,066m or 3,500 feet.
Vzvod: In the Russian Army, a tactical unit (platoon) within a company (which contained two vzvods) or a squadron (which contained four vzvods). Each vzvod was sub-divided into two half-vzvods (poluvzvod). In the Russian artillery, a vzvod contained two guns and six vzvods formed a battery.
> Young Guard: Napoleon’s élite unit, part of the Imperial Guard.
Zapasnoi: In the Russian Army, a replacement unit.
Notes and Sources
1. L. Beskrovny, Otecbestvennaia voina 1812 g. i kontrnastuplenia Kutuzova, (Moscow, 1951), 66.
2. N. Garnich, 1812 god, (Moscow, 1956), 181.
3. V. Pugachev and V. Dines, Istoriki, izbravsbie put Galilea: statii, ocberki, (Saratov, 1995), 137. Also see Rodina 6–7 (1992): 172.
4. N. Ryazanov, ‘M.I. Kutuzov i ego pisma,’ in Kutuzov M.I.: pisma, zapiski, (Moscow, 1989), 554; B.Abalikhin and V. Dunayevsky, 1812 god na perekrestkakb mnenii sovetskikb istorikov, 1917–1987, (Moscow, 1990), 79, 112–113; O. Orlik, Groza dvenadtsatogo goda …, (Moscow, 1987), 105.
5. Yu. Gulyaev and V. Soglayeva, Feldmarsbal Kutuzov: Ist.–biograficbeskii ocberk, (Moscow, 1995); V. Dunayevsky, General–feldmarsbal, svetleisbii knyaz M.I. Golenisbcbev–Kutuzov v sotsiokulturnom kontekste, (Moscow, 1997); I. Andrianova, Spasitel otecbestva: zbizneopisanie M.I. Golenisbcbeva–Kutuzova, (Moscow, 1999); A. Shishov, Neizvestnii Kutuzov: Novoye procbtenie biografi, (Moscow, 2002).
6. Napoleon to Champagny, 5 April 1811, Correspondance de Napoleon Ier, XXII, No. 17571.
7. V. Pugachev, ‘K voprosu o pervonachalnom plane voiny 1812 g.,’ in 1812 god: sbornikstatei, (Moscow, 1962), 32–34.
8. Fabry, I, i.
9. Barclay de Tolly to Alexander, March 1812, Otecbestvennaya voina 1812 goda. Materialy Voenno–ucbebnogo arkbiva Generalnogo Sbtaba, [hereafter cited as General Staff Archives], I, part II, 1–6.
10. Bagration to Alexander, circa March 1812, General Bagration: Sbornikdokumentov i materialov [hereafter cited as Correspondence of Bagration], ed. S. Golubov, (Moscow, 1945), 134–136.
11. V. Bezotosny, ‘Analiticheskii proyekt voyennikh deistvii v 1812 g. P. A. Chuikevicha,’ in Rossiiskii arkbiv, 7(1996): 43–49.
The Battle of Borodino: Napoleon Against Kutuzov Page 39