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mayors of, 180, 220, 247, 264–65, 296, 309, 310, 420, 440, 491
Mexican jurisdiction of, 21–22
mission church of, 26, 31, 48, 59, 107, 180, 249, 272, 278, 282, 293, 308, 327, 366, 421, 452
murder rate in, xi, xii, 1–17, 21–22, 25, 29–35, 59–64, 193–94, 214, 225, 230, 263, 296, 299–300, 301, 309–10, 320, 324, 365, 374, 396–99, 430–31, 445–46, 447, 455, 458, 460–61, 482–84, 496, 500–501
original name of, 41, 112
Plaza of, 25, 27, 30, 31, 41, 47, 54, 56, 57–58, 106, 116, 191, 205, 211, 229, 236, 246, 273, 278–79, 280, 301, 320, 327, 444, 501
population of, 2, 15, 34, 63, 68–69, 206, 245, 320, 349, 463
presidio of, 45–46
press coverage of, 2, 5, 13–16, 71, 300, 381–84, 417, 429–30, 440, 442, 447, 451, 460, 462, 464–65, 481, 484, 491, 494; see also specific newspapers
prostitution in, 59, 111–12, 178, 183, 201, 203, 207, 285, 286, 291, 397, 464, 466–68, 469, 511
Protestants in, 55, 297, 311, 326, 347
pueblo of, 1–3, 21, 25, 34, 40, 41, 42, 45, 54–55
regidores (councilmen) of, 27–28, 30, 43, 59, 211, 283, 298, 455
social life in, 56–58, 79, 177–78, 187, 188–90, 191, 192, 279–80, 301, 340
U.S. conquest and occupation of, 64–65, 79, 81, 95, 102, 104, 108–30, 131, 134, 139, 140–52, 166–69, 172, 177, 182–83, 187–95, 280
vice district of, 1, 59, 111–12
Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners, 455
Los Angeles County, Calif., 2, 22, 251–52, 263, 295, 304, 382, 384, 443–44, 486, 496, 499, 501
Los Angeles Daily News, 440, 445, 447, 450, 452, 453, 456–57, 464, 481, 482, 483, 484, 486–87, 488, 500
Los Angeles Grays, 385
Los Angeles Herald, 497, 498–99, 501, 503, 510, 513
Los Angeles Mounted Rifles, 385–86, 423–24
Los Angeles Rangers, 273–74, 290, 291, 292, 298, 308, 323, 451
Los Angeles River, 22, 40, 59, 81, 113, 170, 201, 308, 338, 389
Los Angeles Star, 5, 14–17, 178, 235, 246–50, 256, 259–74, 283–84, 289–90, 296, 297–98, 301–6, 311, 318–22, 340, 344, 347, 349, 353, 362–66, 372–78, 382–86, 390–96, 404, 428, 439, 440, 443, 447, 456, 460, 461, 464–70, 482–86, 490, 495–99
Los Angeles Times, 511, 512
Los Coyotes Creek, 6
Los Nietos, Calif., 5, 22, 337, 362
Love, Harry, 269–70
Love, Lewis, 429–30
Ludwig (murder victim), 265–67
Lugo, Antonio María, 118, 193, 227–28
Lugo, Francisco de Paula “Menito,” 227–44
Lugo, José del Cármen, 52, 117–20, 158, 177, 194, 226–44
Lugo, José Francisco “Chico,” 227–44
Lugo, José María, 227, 228–44
Lugo, Vicente, 228–44
Luiseños (neófitos of San Luis Rey), 49, 50, 51, 158, 194, 246, 248–49, 250, 251, 252, 254, 259, 357–58, 461, 462
Lyon, Walter, 471
Machado, José María, 194–95
Mallard, Justice, 248
Manillas gang, 337, 341–48, 354–55, 357–62, 365, 367, 386
manslaughter, 61, 329, 446, 449, 468, 487, 488, 490, 496, 505
Manuel, Negro, 194
Marasovich, Lucas (Lucca), 503–5, 507
Marasovich, Rafaela Ledesma de, 503–5, 507
Marcy, William L., 133
Market House, 444
maromas (traveling show), 267–68, 271
Marshall, William, 136, 253, 257
marshals, 8, 9, 208, 210–11, 243, 246, 247, 264, 265, 281, 283, 327, 330, 387–88, 390–91, 395, 398, 400–401, 412, 445, 455, 469, 476, 486
Martin, William “Tooch,” 387
Martín (murder accomplice), 4–5
Martínez, Jesús, 490
Martino, Alexander, 239
Mason, Richard B., 183, 186–87, 193, 195–96, 197
Masons, 347
Mazatlán, 86, 91, 97
McClellan, George, 439
McCoy, Benjamin Franklin, 265–67
McDonald, John and Eliza, 501–3
McDonald, Patrick, 490
McFadden, Patrick, 452–53
McKinstry, Justus, 258
McKlasky, Sam, 397
McLaughlin, Benjamin, 474
McSwiggen, Patrick, 225–26, 230–31
Mendell, Louis, 490
Merced Hills, 164
Mervine, William, 97, 125, 127–30, 131, 159
Mesmer, Joseph, 395–96, 398, 451, 476–77, 501–2
Mexican-American War, 4, 93, 133, 169–70, 186–87, 195, 234
Mexican Independence Day (el diecieséis de Septiembre), 57–58, 280, 323
mexicano de la otra banda (“Mexican from the other shore”), 115
Mexican population (Californios), xiii, 4–8, 14–16, 21, 23, 29, 33–35, 41–48, 52, 56, 60, 183, 185, 189–90, 207, 226, 255, 273, 280, 290, 305, 320–26, 329, 330, 339–44, 355, 365–66, 445, 496–97, 499, 500
Mexico:
army of, 3–4, 52–53, 158, 227
border of, 7–8
constitution of, 43
cultural standards of, 34
government of, 36
independence of, 43, 46
judicial system of, 21, 23, 27, 28–29, 50, 207, 215–16
liberal politics in, 44–45, 440
as republic, 29, 43
silver mines of, 35
violence in, xiii, 263
Mexico City, 27, 28, 44, 48
Micheltorena, Manuel, 74–76, 77, 79, 80, 81–83, 115–16, 170
Mission San Buenaventura, 362
Mission San Diego, 38, 252
Mission San Fernando, 31, 169, 361
Mission San Gabriel Archángel, 3, 22, 23, 36–50, 55, 73, 165–66, 177, 181, 182, 194, 201, 204, 265–68, 273, 296, 329, 352–56, 378, 379
Mission San Juan Capistrano, 6, 159–60, 341–42, 343, 344, 346, 348, 357, 362, 363
Mission San Luis Rey, 49, 50, 51, 83, 137, 251
Missouri, 72, 73, 201, 202, 203
Mojave Desert, 225–26
Mojave Indians, 226, 228
Mojave River, 226
Monkkonen, Eric, xii
Monnet, Santiago, 208
Monte, 5–6, 296, 303–4, 315, 346, 387, 450
Monte Boys, 315–17, 321–22, 328, 352, 357, 360–61, 362, 363, 442, 498, 499, 511
Monte card game, 286–87
Monterey, Calif., 74, 75–80, 88, 89–90, 91, 96–101, 104, 108, 109, 115, 116, 122, 131, 154, 179, 181, 182, 184, 196, 206, 212
Monterey Californian, 125, 154, 168
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de, 29
Montgomery, John B., 92
Montgomery House Hotel, 284, 285–89, 307, 328, 355, 364
Montoya, Cruz, 321–22
Mooney, Patrick, 208–9
Moore, Benjamin, 141, 143, 145
Moore, Charles, 5–6
Moore & Alvarta’s saloon, 286–89
Moors, 52
Moran, Juan, 271–73
Moreno, Anastacio, 291–92
Moreno, Pablo, 449–50
Mormon Battalion, 133, 154, 179, 180, 182–84, 193, 203
Mormons, 243, 255, 403
Morrison, Murray, 381, 447, 460, 468, 485, 486
Mule Hill, 149, 150, 151–52, 157
mules, 36, 88, 132, 134–35, 137, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 202, 210, 213, 228, 254
Mulkins, Jane, 219–20
murder:
first-degree, 300, 400–401, 488, 490, 512
of Indians, 7, 8, 50, 449–50, 460–61
as justifiable homicide, 10, 243, 281, 285, 289, 323–24, 496
rate of, xi, xii, 1–17, 21–22, 25, 29–35, 59–64, 193–94, 214, 225, 230, 263, 296, 299–300, 301, 309–10, 320, 324, 365, 374, 396–99, 430–31, 445–46, 447, 455, 458, 460–61, 482–84, 496, 500–501
second-degree, 331, 332, 447
of women, 248, 394–95, 445–46, 450, 501–5
Murieta, Joaquín, 269–71, 427, 495
Murray, Hugh C., 14, 304–5, 306, 312–13
mutualistas (fraternal organizations), 223
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 103
Nartiago, Nestor, 290
Native Americans:
auction of, 246–48, 264
baptism of, 36, 37, 38, 42
burials of, 59
chiefs (headmen) of, 250–52, 461–62
conversion of, 34, 35–36, 37, 38–40, 41, 42–44, 49–52, 137, 251, 259
death rate of, 38, 39, 42–43, 261, 460–61
discrimination against, 7–8, 33, 37–38, 41–42, 57, 59, 207, 260–61, 320, 449, 461–62, 500
drinking and gambling of, 16, 58, 203, 221, 246–50
former mission (emancipados), 34–35, 49, 50, 51, 55, 58, 245, 461
intermarriage of, 41–42, 320, 337–38, 349
as laborers, 36, 39–40, 42, 48, 49–52, 55, 58–59, 120, 136–37, 245–46, 250–51, 449–50, 460, 461, 463, 464
murder of, 7, 8, 50, 449–50, 460–61
population of, 22, 38, 39, 42–43, 55, 58–59, 117, 206, 209, 390, 460–61
raids by, 3, 9, 11, 16, 34–35, 50, 58–59, 63, 118–19, 193–94, 226–29, 231, 238–43, 248–61
reservations for, 58–59, 461–63
revolts by, 137, 140, 238, 250–61, 268
runaway, 38–39, 50
as scouts, 88, 99, 140–44, 146, 357–58
in secularization program, 34, 43–46, 48, 49–52, 53, 54, 55
settlements of, 37, 38, 41, 42, 49, 51, 56, 59, 112, 120, 136, 138, 140, 144, 151, 158, 228, 240, 243, 245, 253, 255–57, 261, 338, 361, 390, 461–62
smallpox epidemic of, 261, 460–61
taxation of, 251–52
treaties for, 259–60
tribal lands of, 7–8, 33, 34, 37–38, 43–46, 63, 158, 260–62, 461–63
unconverted, 35, 42, 50
as vaqueros, 52–53, 117
violence against, 7–8, 9, 63, 136–37, 158, 248–50, 263, 271–73
women as, 3, 9, 36–37, 38, 41–42, 248, 271–73, 332, 337–38, 420, 425
see also specific tribes
Navarro, Diego, 353–54
Navy, U.S., 75–79, 91, 92, 100, 112, 151–54, 173–76
neófitos (Indian converts), 34, 35–36, 37, 38–40, 41, 42–44, 49–52, 137, 158, 194, 246, 248–49, 250, 251, 252, 254, 259, 357–58, 461, 462
Newman, Daniel, 446
Newmark, Harris, 54, 222, 343, 451–52
New Mexico, 133, 195, 203, 228
New Orleans, La., 247
New Orleans, Battle of, 162, 164, 376
New Orleans Shaving Saloon, 202
New Spain, 41
New York, N.Y., 2, 182, 501
New York Regiment of Volunteers, 182–84, 187, 195, 196, 220, 351
New York Times, 445
Nicaragua, 378, 381, 440
Nichols, Daniel, 446
Nichols, John G., 247–48
Ning Yung Company, 469, 471
norteños (Northerners), 83, 96–97, 154–55
Northern Department, 154–55
Norton, Myron, 280, 281, 290, 328–29
Nuestra Señora de los Angeles Porciúncula, 40
oaths, 26, 48, 86, 107–8, 111, 140, 152, 155, 160, 171, 221, 279, 308, 387, 390, 391, 424, 482
Ogier, Isaac S. K., 275, 284, 379
Ohio River, 440
Olegario, Manuel, 461–62
Olivas, Domingo, 159–60
Oliveras, Juana Inez, 445
Oliveras, María Juana, 216–17
Oliveras, Maxiano, 208
Oliveras, Tomás, 445
Ollin, James, 208
Olvera, Agustín, 166, 170, 205, 213, 214, 244, 256, 281, 329, 494
O’Melveny, Henry, 453, 502–3
Ontiveros, Juan Pacifico, 268
opium dens, 464, 466
orange groves, 55, 68, 79, 441, 444, 473, 481
Oregon, 85, 383–84
Osburn, William B., 269, 272, 292, 308, 309, 320, 332, 351–54, 355, 357, 379
Pacheco, Pedro, 194–95
Pacheco, Romualdo, 46–47
Pacific Division, U.S., 385–86
Pacific Squadron, British, 77
Pacific Squadron, U.S., 75–79, 86, 91, 92, 108, 132, 179
Pacific Statesman, 211
Padilla, Juan, 326
Palmer, Nathan A., 413–15
Palmer, Rebecca M., 413–15
Palomares, Ygnacio, 6–7, 64
Palomar Mountains, 116
Palos Verdes Hills, 126, 131
Panto, José, 151, 152
Paredon Blanco, 113, 117, 121
paroles, 107–8, 109, 113, 114, 155, 160, 161, 170, 171, 256
Paso de Bartolo, 162, 204
Pauma Valley, 157
pedrero de la vieja (“old woman’s gun”), 115, 127, 129, 162–63, 164
Peel, Bryant L., 412
Pelon, Juan, 248
Peña, Cosme, 65
peon game, 249
“people’s courts,” 270, 275–76
Perdue, William and Joseph, 349
Pérez, Francisca María de Jesús, 214–18, 225, 230
Pérez, Juan Antonio Lazaro, 217
Pérez de Silvas, Francisca, 510
Peterson, William H., 326–27, 395
Pflugardt, George, 342, 363, 367
Phelps, William Dane, 107
Pickett, Agnes Coolbrith Smith, 403, 404, 406–7
Pickett, William, 404, 407
Pico, Alfredo, 510
Pico, Andrés, 4, 45, 81, 86, 91, 95, 96, 107–8, 113, 115, 136–55, 169–72, 191, 205, 255, 274, 328–29, 348, 357–63, 382, 389–90, 423, 443, 444, 509–10
Pico, José de Jesús, 155–56, 169
Pico, María Ignacia Alvarado, 57
Pico, Pío de Jesús, 4, 44–51, 56, 57, 81–83, 86, 91, 95–111, 136, 137, 155, 172, 192, 205, 217, 218, 225, 230, 330, 342, 382, 387, 405, 441, 443, 444, 498, 499, 509–10
Pico, Ranulfo, 510
Pico, Rómulo, 510
Pico House, 444, 510
Plaza church (Los Angeles), 26, 31, 48, 59, 107, 180, 249, 272, 278, 282, 293, 308, 327, 366, 421, 452
pobladores (settlers), 41–42, 59
Polk, James K., 85–88, 92, 93, 100, 108, 153, 176, 179, 181, 185–86, 196
Pollorena, María Candelaria, 322–23, 331–32
Popular Sovereignty, 339
Porcupine, 508–9
Portilla, Pablo de la, 45–47, 49
Portolá, Gaspar de, 40
Portsmouth, USS, 92
posses, 6, 25, 226, 230, 231–32, 241–43, 249–50, 324, 341–48, 355, 359, 360, 395, 452, 472, 498
Pound Cake Hill, 307, 452
Prater, John B., 417
Prater, Melvina, 417
Precitos Canyon, 361
presidios (fortresses), 40, 44–46, 64, 67, 69, 77, 102, 139
pronunciamentos (proclamations), 113–14, 116, 140, 160–61
prostitution, 59, 111–12, 178, 183, 201, 203, 207, 285, 286, 291, 397, 464, 466–68, 469, 511
Protestants, 55, 297, 311, 326, 347
Prudon, Victor, 28–29, 30, 31, 34, 60, 62, 63, 94, 298
Pryor, Nathaniel, 189
Public Land Commission, U.S., 230, 443
Puente Hills, 6
Purdy, John H., 208–11, 213, 235, 283
Quechan Indians, 8, 133, 227, 251, 252, 255
Quong Wong, 487
railroads, 444
Rains, John, 9, 419–28, 430, 431–33, 434
Rains, María Merced Williams de, 419–27, 428, 429–30, 432, 433–34, 436, 494
Ramírez, Francisco P. “Pancho,” 14–15, 305–12, 318–28, 333, 340, 348, 353–56, 361–68, 373–75, 382, 392–93, 484, 494
Ramírez, Juan, 305
Ramírez, Petra Ávila de, 305
Ranchería de poblanos (Los Angeles barrio), 59
; rancherías (Indian settlements), 37, 38, 41, 42, 49, 51, 56, 59, 112, 120, 136, 138, 140, 144, 151, 158, 228, 240, 243, 245, 253, 255–57, 261, 338, 361, 390, 461–62
rancheros (ranchers), 4, 6, 29, 34–35, 50–57, 102, 118, 136–37, 206, 227, 229, 230, 247, 286, 381, 389, 443, 461
Rancho Cucamonga, 419, 422–23, 425, 426–27, 429, 430, 432, 436
Rancho del Encino, 361
Rancho de los Palos Verdes, 60–61
Rancho Jurupa, 105, 117, 228, 237
Rancho La Brea, 9
Rancho La Puente, 6, 73, 204, 349
Rancho Las Virgenes, 448
Rancho Lomas de Santiago, 360, 361
Rancho Los Alamitos, 22, 56, 105
Rancho Los Coyotes, 161, 253, 258
Rancho Los Féliz, 22, 24, 25, 26
Rancho Natividad, 154–55
Rancho Paso de Bartolo, 215, 217, 218, 225
Rancho San Antonio, 227, 244
Rancho San Bernardino, 117, 158, 194, 226, 227–29, 230, 232–33, 240, 241, 243, 255
Rancho San Pedro, 106, 126–27, 129, 159, 204, 205–6, 281
Rancho Santa Ana del Chino, 9, 105–6, 117–21, 132, 203–4, 225–28, 237–38, 250–51, 258, 354, 419–37, 441
Rancho Santa María, 136, 139–41, 143
Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, 342, 344
Rancho Temecula, 158, 194
Rancho Valle de San José, 424
Rapp, Billy, 488
Real Estate Advertiser, 443–44
reatas (lassos), 26, 52, 60, 127, 146, 216, 220, 233, 359, 367, 445
Redi, Juliana, 411
Reed, John, 204, 349
Reed, Nieves Rowland, 349
Reid, Felipe, 268, 272–73
Reid, Hugo, 205
Reminiscences of a Ranger (Bell), 508
Republican Party, 178, 184, 297, 319–20, 339–40, 364, 371, 375, 378–84, 390–94, 439, 486
Requena, Manuel, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28–29, 30, 34, 61–62, 382, 387
revenge, 4, 22–23, 25, 26, 28, 33, 50, 301, 436
revolvers, 5, 6, 16, 203, 211, 237, 280, 281–83, 284, 297, 303, 323, 327, 345, 380, 450, 474–75, 478, 479, 480, 488, 509
Rheim, Felipe, 221–23
Rheim, Rosaria Díaz, 221–24
Rice, Henry, 445–46
Rico, Juan Ávila, 267
Ridley, Alonzo, 385–86, 390, 423
rifleros americanos (American riflemen), 69, 71, 80, 81, 82, 92, 96, 109, 111–12, 116, 126–27, 129, 143, 146, 149, 156, 159, 163, 167–68, 174, 181, 192–93
Río Colorado, 88, 132–33, 135
Río de San Luis Rey, 157–58
Río Grande, 92–93
Río San Gabriel, 3, 5, 36, 37, 161, 162–66, 296, 301, 315, 337, 389, 443, 510
Río San Gabriel, Battle of, 161, 162–66
Río Santa Ana, 72, 105, 108, 117, 161, 177, 226, 228, 344, 389
Rivas, Jesús, 266–67, 273