The Great Deformation

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The Great Deformation Page 101

by David Stockman


  Hubbard, R. Glenn

  background, 555

  economic views/advice, 50, 555–556, 558

  Hudson City Bancorp, 396

  Hull, Cordell, 143, 144

  Humphrey, George, 20, 214, 215, 220

  Humphrey-Hawkins Act, 701, 706

  Humphrey, Hubert

  economic beliefs/policies, 217, 229

  Merc visit, 309–310

  Hurricane Sandy, 603

  IBM

  sales, 465

  stock buybacks, 457, 463–465

  Iceland banking system, 377–378

  Ickes, Harold, 165

  Immelt, Jeff, 35, 36, 37, 41, 471

  Income tax

  abolishing, 711

  beginnings, 88

  Indy Mac, 27

  Inside Mortgage Finances, 436

  Insull, Samuel, 16

  Intel, 357–358, 453, 485

  Interest rates (short-term)

  early 2000s, 17–18

  1955–1964, 299–300

  See also specific individuals

  International Monetary Fund (IMF), 236, 256

  “Investment banks”

  description/problems, 22–23

  purpose, 24

  See also specific banks

  Isakson, Johnny, 580

  Jackson, Mike and AutoNation, 624–625, 626–630

  Japan

  debt, 703–704

  equity bubble, 336–337

  “zaitech” theory/effects, 210–211

  JDS Uniphase, 480–481, 485

  Jedinak, Russell, 440

  Jobs market

  breadwinner jobs, 632, 634–635, 636

  “debt-push” jobs, 633

  HES Complex jobs, 632, 636, 637–639

  HES government funding/subsidies, 632, 638–640, 644

  job categories, 632

  jobs created and, 635–637

  part-time jobs, 632, 635, 636

  recommendations, 708

  Jobs, Steve, 453

  Johnson, Lyndon

  conventional forces/warfare state and, 216, 233

  devaluation of pound and, 254–255

  Fannie Mae and, 170

  gold standard and, 254–255, 257

  Great Society, 258

  “guns and butter” deficits, 57, 58, 89, 105, 112, 204, 205, 214, 219, 245, 247, 249, 250, 254, 257, 258

  Medicare/Medicaid, 697

  Johnson, Samuel, 574

  Jones, Jesse, 194

  JP Morgan

  after financial crisis (2008), 547, 693

  Bear Stearns and, 393

  before financial crisis (2008), 22, 28–29, 396–397

  financial crisis/bailout (2008), 49, 535

  “gain on sale” profits, 38

  Goldman Sachs and, 493

  JP Morgan Chase, 393, 398

  Junk bonds

  “covenant lite,” 503–504, 508

  Fed interest rates and, 506

  “gains” illusion (2000s), 506–507, 525–526

  “Great Moderation” and, 507–508

  mispricing, 504–505

  Kaiser, George, 601

  Karches, Susan, 444

  Kashkari, Neel, 44

  Kemp, Jack, 419

  Kemp-Roth tax cut bill, 90, 95

  Kennedy, John

  administration, 20

  Bay of Pigs, 230

  campaign/election (1960), 231, 235, 237

  defense spending and, 70, 216, 233

  federal spending and, 70, 216, 219, 233, 674

  gold standard and, 195–196, 244–246, 247, 248–249, 257

  Walter Heller and, 226–229, 231, 247–249, 674

  Keynes, J.M.

  Bretton Woods conference, 237, 242

  England’s default and, 241, 242

  gold standard and, 110, 162, 182, 241, 242, 243

  Nazi Germany and, 191–192

  personality/style, 139, 187, 191–192, 345

  Roosevelt and, 139, 162, 188

  speculation, 491–492, 499

  Time magazine cover/story, 249, 250

  University of Chicago economists and, 243

  KKR, 515, 520, 525, 526, 527, 529, 530

  Kleiner Perkins, 602–603, 604

  Korean War

  economy and, 89, 131, 205, 212, 223, 227, 228, 232, 233

  financing, 195, 204–205, 213, 214, 216, 217, 232

  Kozlowski, Dennis, 483–484

  Kroszner, Randall, 379

  Krugman, Paul

  background, 133–134

  dot-com bust and, 536

  Friedman’s “freshwater” proposition, 272

  gold standard and, 198

  on New Deal, 133–134, 139–140

  stimulus after 2008 financial crisis, 139–140

  Laffer, Art/curve, 88, 89–90, 127, 214, 589

  Lane, Ray, 606–607

  Lazear, Ed, 50, 557

  LBOs. See Leveraged buyouts (LBOs)

  League of Nations, 142–143, 239

  Lear Corporation

  “bankruptcy”/vulture speculators and, 666–668

  history/stock market, 665–666, 667

  Lee, Thomas, 531

  Lehman

  before financial crisis (2008), 22, 28–29, 384–385

  crisis/failure of, 5, 7, 12, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 46, 47, 48, 49, 544

  Lehman, Governor (New York), 150

  Leveraged buyouts (LBOs)

  CEW extraction, 513, 514, 515, 518, 525, 526, 534

  CLOs and, 507

  debt and, 503, 504, 505, 507–508, 510–511, 512–513, 529, 560

  description/“role,” 448, 450–451, 453, 508–509, 559–560, 567

  Dex Media/R.H. Donnelley & Sons example, 510–513

  “dividend recaps,” 504

  Fed interest rates and, 503

  founding companies, 529

  hotel construction, 538–542, 545

  leaks and, 487

  refinancing/flipping homes, 425

  statistics on (2000s), 455, 471, 503

  sunset industries and, 512

  US after 1980, 4

  See also Bain Capital; specific examples

  Leveraged buyouts (mega-LBOs)

  beginnings, 509–510

  “bridge loans” and, 534–535, 541, 543

  debt zombies, 516, 529–536, 562

  description, 513

  examples, 514–526, 530–532, 533–536

  Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate), 311, 503

  Lichtenstein, David, 538–539, 540

  Lightstone Group, 538, 539, 540, 542, 543, 545

  Lippmann, Walter, 149

  Lockheed, 15

  Loeb, Daniel, 664

  London Economic Conference (1933), 139, 143–145, 187, 190, 191

  “London Whale,” 493

  Long Beach Savings, 440, 442

  Long, Huey, 140, 154

  Long, Russell, 130

  Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM)

  bailout/effects, 15, 16–17, 62, 141, 319, 332, 334–335, 389, 390–392

  collapse causes, 497–498

  description/speculations, 15, 16, 389–390

  Meriwether and, 385, 390, 497, 498

  other “investment banking” systems and, 389–390

  Lovins, Amory, 599

  LTCM. See Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM)

  Lucent, 480, 481

  M&A deals

  dot-com bubble, 479–481

  effects (summary), 470–471, 478, 481–484

  Fortune 500 top companies, 466–467

  leaks and, 487

  mega-banks/mergers, 393–399

  mergers false claims, 394–397, 462, 511

  stock prices and, 456, 483–484

  value destruction with, 481, 482–483

  Wall Street growth, 393–399, 456, 462, 511

  See also specific companies

  MacDonald, Ramsay, 162

  Mack, Christy, 444

  Mack, John

  description/backg
round, 47, 444

  financial crisis/bailout (2008), 48

  See also Morgan Stanley

  Madoff, Bernie, 40

  Main street banks

  “contagion risk” and, 30–32

  financial crisis (2008) and, 27, 28, 30, 35

  Main Street economy. See Economy (US Main Street after financial crisis)

  Mankiw, Greg, 50, 557

  Mao Zedong, 60

  Marcus, Bernard, 152

  Martin, William McChesney

  background/description, 207, 208, 209, 212

  Federal Reserve and, 112, 133, 207–208, 209, 211–212

  financial orthodoxy and, 195, 207–208, 209, 210, 211–212, 213, 231, 246, 248, 249, 299, 303, 330, 478, 497

  Heller-Tobin proposal, 248

  LBJ and, 112, 214

  New York Stock Exchange, 209

  Nixon and, 112, 231, 260

  stock market crash lessons, 209, 210, 211

  Martinez, Mel, 32

  Matusow, Allen, 127

  McCabe, Thomas, 206

  McColl, Hugh, 394

  McCracken, Paul, 117

  McKinley, William B., 296

  McMaster, Harold, 599

  McNamara, Robert, 216

  Mead Corporation, 564, 565

  Medicaid

  beginnings, 697

  costs, 697–698

  See also Social insurance

  Medicare

  beginnings, 174, 697

  costs, 697–698

  payroll taxes and, 174

  See also Social insurance

  Meese, Ed, 263, 416

  Melamed, Leo

  background, 286–287, 289, 290

  CFTC and, 305–306, 308, 309, 311, 312–313

  congressional agriculture committees and, 308–309

  currency futures, 290–293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 301, 302, 303, 305–306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 314

  Friedman and, 290, 291, 292, 306

  futures markets, 286–288, 290–293, 306

  T-bill futures, 301–303

  Mellon, Andrew, 88

  Meriwether, John, 385–386, 497, 498

  Merkin, Ezra, 40

  Merrill Lynch

  before financial crisis (2008), 384–385, 539

  financial crisis (2008), 7, 24, 26

  financial futures/options exchange, 302

  See also Wall Street growth

  MEW (mortgage equity withdrawal)

  housing bubble (1990s–2000s), 427–430, 537, 555–556

  housing market (after 2007), 583

  Hubbard and, 555–556

  Mexican peso crisis (1994), 15, 21, 319

  Microsoft

  stock buybacks, 457

  stock market and, 357–358

  Middle East wars

  defense spending, 678, 690, 692–693

  effects of, 678

  George H.W. Bush and, 79

  George W. Bush/unfunded wars, 50, 55, 79–80, 205, 214, 217–218, 693

  Obama and, 678

  Persian Gulf wars, 78–80

  Miller, Bill (of Legg Mason), 394, 419–420, 656

  Miller, William G., 132, 264, 293

  Mills, Ogden, 156

  Minimum wage, 709

  Mises, Ludwig von, 337

  Mishkin, Fred, 377–378

  Mobilized discount rate, 699–702, 706

  Moley, Raymond, 143, 144

  “Momo” (momentum) traders, 456

  Mondale, Walter, 309–310

  Monetarist cone, 263

  Monetary History of the United States, A (Friedman), 265, 271

  Morgan, J. P., 366–367, 543, 700

  Morgan Stanley

  bailout, 46–50, 443–444

  banning short selling of stock, 48–49

  before financial crisis (2008), 22–23, 24, 28–29, 47, 384–385

  financial crisis/bailout (2008), 20, 22, 23, 46–50, 208–209

  financial futures/options exchanges, 301–302

  short sells and, 47–48

  without bailout, 6, 22, 24–26, 47

  See also Wall Street growth

  Morgenthau, Henry, Jr.

  background, 161, 189

  gold price, 161–162

  monetary policies, 193–194, 196, 201–202

  World War II financing, 196, 201–202

  Mortgage equity withdrawal. See MEW

  Mozilo, Angelo, 419

  Musk, Elon, 604, 605, 606, 607

  Muskie, Ed, 309–310

  Nadar, Ralph, 405–406

  New Deal

  deficit spending myth, 163–164

  description/effects, 51, 52, 137, 139, 140, 189–191

  early programs, 159, 163

  harm from (overview), 159–160, 189–194

  legacy (overview), 169–194

  myths of, 163–164, 166–168

  NRA, 159–160

  See also specific programs

  “New economics”

  effects (overview), 232–233

  recognizing problems, 250

  zenith of, 249–250

  See also specific individuals

  New York Times, 120, 207, 555, 664

  Newsweek, 117, 174

  Nikkei crash, 336–337

  Nitze, Paul, 215

  Nixon, Richard

  deficit spending, 106, 112–113, 121–122, 204

  description/personality, 110, 231, 260

  economy/statistics, 114–118

  on Federal Reserve, 340

  financial/economic policy changes (1971), 45, 52, 89, 107, 109, 115, 133–134, 140–141

  freeze/effects, 119–121, 123, 126

  “full-employment budget,” 121–122, 127, 131

  Glass-Steagall and, 176–177

  gold standard end and, 45, 52, 56, 60, 89, 107, 109, 110, 115, 120, 121, 133–134, 141, 145, 195, 248, 258–259, 559

  inflation and, 115–116, 119, 121, 125, 126, 176–177, 177, 178

  international monetary matters and, 117

  re-election priority of, 110, 114–115, 122, 145, 258–259

  recession (1974), 125–126

  Social Security and, 100–101, 131, 173

  “special revenue sharing” reforms, 554

  taxes, 87

  trade deficit, 117–118

  Weinberger and, 80

  Nobel Prize for economics, 655–656

  Nortel, 480

  Obama, Barack

  defense spending, 86, 218

  taxes and, 675

  See also Stimulus (after 2008 financial crisis)

  Obamacare, 698, 699, 710

  Olivetti, 570

  O’Neill, Paul, 50

  O’Neill, Tip, 309–310

  Online sales, 651–652

  Operation Twist (US), 251–252

  Palmisano, Sam, 464

  Paul, Ron, 19

  Paulson, Hank

  AIG, 6–7, 9, 12

  auto industry bailout, 613, 614–615

  background/description, 48, 50

  financial crisis/bailout (2008), 5, 6–7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 20, 21, 25, 27, 36, 48, 50, 171, 613

  General Electric, 36–37, 41

  Morgan Stanley, 48

  stock market and, 21

  Paulson, John, 494–496, 545, 547

  “Payrolls being skipped,” 32, 39, 45

  Peak Debt

  effects, 644–648, 668–669

  fiscal cliff and, 680, 681, 682, 692

  Pelosi, Nancy, 594, 595

  Penn Central, 15

  Perkins, Francis, 175

  Perot, Ross, 480

  Persian Gulf wars

  effects, 79–80

  Reagan’s defense buildup and, 78–80

  Pittman, Key, 162

  Plaza Accord (September 1985), 293, 336–337, 348

  Poage, W. R., 308

  Pork-belly trading, 286–287

  Portfolio insurance, 313, 317–318

  Prime funds

  commercial paper market, 35

  correction to, 35<
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  financial crisis (2008), 33–34, 35

  Prince, Chuck, 316, 398

  Proctor & Gamble stock buybacks, 457, 460–461

  Public Works Administration (PWA), 164–165

  Rajaratnam, Raj, 502–503

  Rand, Ayn, 13, 321, 325, 338

  Rand, James H., 156–157

  Rattner, Steve, 621, 623, 663

  RCA and stock market, 355

  Reagan, Ronald/economics

  administration, 20

  Chicago speech/plan, 71, 72, 73, 91

  defense budget, 70–73, 80–84, 85, 100

  defense buildup, 74–78, 80, 90, 217

  federal spending/deficits, 57, 59, 219, 351, 689

  Greenspan and, 13, 71, 315

  GSEs, 405, 406

  household net worth inequities, 68

  legacy, 55

  Merc and, 309–310

  myths on, 51, 57–59, 62, 65, 67–69, 87, 89–90, 99–103, 348, 417, 674

  “no recession” assumption, 92–95

  Rosy Scenario errors, 91–95

  Social Security reform plan and, 99–100, 101–104

  “starve the beast” myth, 87, 99

  supply-side vision and, 66–69

  true legacy, 98, 106–107, 109

  “unearned benefits” and, 100–101, 102, 103

  See also Reagan, Ronald/tax policy

  Reagan, Ronald/tax policy

  description, 89–91, 451

  inflation and, 88, 92, 93–95

  Laffer curve and, 87–88

  myths on, 89–90, 91, 95–99

  origins, 87–89

  Rosy Scenario errors, 91–95

  tax bill/vote buying (1981), 95–97, 98

  tax increases, 97–98, 99, 103

  “welfare state” taxes and, 103–105

  See also Reagan, Ronald/economics

  Real estate development

  insufficient demand, 547–548

  See also Hotel construction; Housing bubble (1990s–2000s)

  Realogy Corporation, 514

  Recommendations. See Solutions

  Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), 153, 154, 162

  Regan, Don, 20, 348

  Reid, Harry, 594, 595

  Republican politicians

  anti-tax doctrine origins, 87–89

  “deficits don’t matter,” 51, 55, 56, 91, 108, 275, 379, 590, 647, 669

  Keynesian boom with Reagan/Bush (George H. W.), 59–60

  See also specific individuals

  Reserve Prime Fund, 33

  Reuters news service, 681

  RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation), 153, 154, 162

  R.H. Donnelley & Sons, 510–513

  Ridgeway, Matthew, 216

  Ritholtz, Barry, 476

  RJR-Nabisco, 513

  Romney, George, 559

  Romney, Mitt/presidential campaign

  blaming Obama for recession, 556–557

  Bolton and, 554

  capitalism misunderstanding, 555

  false economic basis of, 570–571

  Hubbard and, 555, 556

  national debt and, 552, 675

  overview, 551–557, 559

  Reagan rhetoric and, 557, 558

  Ryan budget and, 552–553, 554, 689

  tax cuts and, 552

 

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