Anne Morrow Lindbergh: Her Life

by Susan Hertog

  18 NYT, 9/23/34, “Lindbergh Returning Home to Aid Hauptmann Inquiry;” J. Vreeland Haring, The Hand of Hauptmann; and Examination of Bruno Richard Hauptmann reported by James H. Huddleson, M.D., to James M. Fawcett, pp. 1–2.

  19 NYT, 9/28/34, “Hauptmann Bail $100,000; Col. Lindbergh, Disguised, Sees Suspect Questioned;” and 10/9/34, “Col. Lindbergh Identifies Hauptmann by his Voice; Murder Indictment Voted.”

  20 Ibid., 9/21/34, “Lindbergh Ransom Receiver Seized; $13,750 Found at his East Bronx Home; the Mystery Solved, Police Declare.”

  21 Ibid., 10/6/34, “Hauptmann’s Mind Is Called Normal by State Alienists.”

  22 Examination of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, reported by James H. Huddleson, M.D., to James M. Fawcett, pp. 1–2.

  23 Later, Hauptmann would say that at the time of the kidnapping he was in the Bronx with his wife. He picked her up sometime between six-thirty and seven P.M. at the bakery where she worked, and they drove home; Jim Fisher, op. cit., p. 260.

  24 NYT, 10/21/34, “Extradition Issue Is Often Debated.”

  17. TESTAMENT

  1 AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 26.

  2 Interview with Margot Loines Morrow Wilkie, 10/31/94.

  3 Letter from a Morrow family friend to Connie Chilton, 11/20/34.

  4 LROD, AML diary, 12/3/34, pp. 223–224.

  5 AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 83.

  6 NYT, 1/3/35.

  7 Ibid., 1/28/35, “Miss Ferber Views ‘Vultures’ at Trial.”

  8 Literary Digest, 1/12/35, 119:10, “They Stand Out from the Crowd;” Jim Fisher, op. cit., pp. 255–256.

  9 NYT, 1/4/35, “Bookkeeper, 55, Carpenter, 60, Fill Jury, With Average Age Increased to 44½ Years.”

  10 Ibid., 1/13/35, “Prosecution’s Task in Hauptmann Case,” by Archibald R. Watson.

  11 Anna Hauptmann had first hired James Fawcett, a friend of her cousin Harry Whitney. Fawcett was a Brooklyn-based defense attorney.

  12 Anna Schoeffler Hauptmann, Statement, April 20, 1935, taken at the Hotel New Yorker by Ellis H. Parker, Jr., NJSPM.

  13 Sidney B. Whipple, op. cit., p. 48.

  14 Ibid.

  15 NYT, 1/4/35, “Writer Marvels at Mother’s Spirit.”

  16 Ibid., “Text of Trial Testimony by Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh.”

  17 Ibid.

  18 “Lindy’s Little Life-Saver” in Guns and Ammo magazine, Sept. 1982, pp. 80–81, 110.

  19 LROD, AML diary, 1/12/35, pp. 237–238.

  20 Ibid., 10/13/34, p. 210.

  21 NYT, 1/10/35, “Condon Names Hauptmann as ‘John’ Who Got Ransom; Parries Defense’s Attack.”

  22 LROD, AML diary, 1/10/35, p. 237.

  23 Ibid., 1/15/35, p. 238.

  24 Interview with AML, 6/7/88; and Interviews with Margot Loines Morrow Wilkie, 8/24/94 and 10/31/94.

  25 LROD, AML diary, 1/20/35, p. 240.

  26 Ibid., p. 241.

  27 NYT, 1/24/35, “Expert Traces Tool Marks on Ladder to Hauptmann.”

  28 Ibid., 1/26/35, “Text of Hauptmann’s Testimony Denying the Murder of the Lindbergh Baby.”

  29 U.S. Bureau of Investigation, 10/18/34, “Bruno Richard Hauptmann, Accounting Report;” Jim Fisher, op. cit.; and Sidney Whipple, op. cit. p. 32.

  30 NYT, 1/25/35, “Hauptmann Takes Stand, Swears He Was at Home Night Ransom Was Paid.”

  31 Ibid., “Testimony of Hauptmann on Stand in Own Defense;” and 1/30/35, “Hauptmann Calm on Leaving Stand.”

  32 Ibid., 1/29/35, “Hauptmann’s Testimony on the Second Day of His Cross-Examination by Wilentz.”

  33 Ibid., 1/25/35, “A Thrilling Trial.”

  34 Ibid., 1/26/35, “Tribute to Judge Paid by Novelist,” Ford Maddox Ford.

  35 NYT, 1/31/35, “Testimony of Mrs. Hauptmann Backing Triple Alibi Offered by Her Husband.”

  36 Rainer Maria Rilke, “Duino Elegies,” The Selected Poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke, New York: Vintage International, 1984, p. 151.

  37 LROD, AML diary, 2/9/35, p. 247.

  38 NYT, 2/12/35, “Reilly Accuses Servants, Charges Police Frame-Up in His Final Plea to Jury.”

  39 Ibid., 2/13/35, “Young Prosecutor Emotional in Appeal; Talks to Jury as to Group of Friends,” Craig Thompson.

  40 Ibid., “‘No Mercy,’ Wilentz Plea; Intruder Shouts at Court; Case Goes to Jury Today.”

  41 NYT, 2/14/35, “Justice Trenchard’s Charge to Jury Stressing Burglary Element in Case.”

  42 LROD, AML diary, 2/13/35, p. 249.

  43 Harold Nicolson, letter to Vita Sackville-West, 2/14/35.

  44 LROD, AML diary, 2/13/35, p. 249.

  45 NYT, 2/14/35, “Hauptmann in Cell Falls in Collapse.”

  46 LROD, AML diary, 2/18/35, p. 251.

  18. A ROOM OF HER OWN

  1 LROD, AML diary, 5/16/35, p. 275.

  2 Ibid., 3/19/35, p. 264.

  3 Ibid., 4/30/35, pp. 268–270.

  4 Ibid., pp. 270–271.

  5 Ibid., p. 271.

  6 Ibid., 5/8/35, p. 271.

  7 NYT, 6/21/35, “Carrel, Lindbergh Develop Device to Keep Organs Alive Outside Body.”

  8 LROD, AML diary, 6/21/35, p. 278.

  9 Ibid., 7/3/35, p. 279.

  10 Saturday Review, 8/17/1935, “The Seeing Eye.”

  11 Newsweek, 8/17/1935, “Air-Jaunt: Mrs. Lindbergh Can Write as Well as She Can Pilot.”

  12 Publishers Weekly, 8/24/1935, “Anne Lindbergh’s Book a Hit.”

  13 LROD, AML diary, 8/28/35, p. 300.

  14 Ibid., 9/5/35, p. 305.

  15 Ibid., 9/15/35, p. 308.

  16 Ibid., 10/31/35, p. 324.

  17 Alexis Carrel, Man, the Unknown, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1935.

  18 By 1931, twenty-seven states had passed laws permitting sterilization. By 1932, more than 12,000 sterilizations had been performed in the United States, half of them in California. By 1935, the year Carrel’s book was published, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Norway, and Sweden condoned enforced sterilization. To those who espoused it, sterilization of the socially unfit was simply a matter of reason and good economics. Source: J. H. Landman, Ph.D., J.D., J.S.D., Human Sterilization: The History of the Sexual Sterilization Movement, New York: Macmillan, 1932.

  19 Time, 9/16/1935, “Carrel’s Man.”

  20 LROD, AML diary, 9/17/35, pp. 312–313.

  21 NYT, 10/3/35, “Books of the Times.”

  22 LROD, AML diary, 12/3/35, p. 328.

  23 Newsweek, 12/28/35, “Lindberghs Seek Threat-Free Exile as Hauptmann Seeks Life.”

  19. CROSSING OVER

  1 NYT, 1/5/36, “Lindberghs at Landaff.”

  2 Ibid., 12/23/35, “Lindbergh Family Sails for England to Seek Safe, Secluded Residence; Threats on Son’s Life Force Decision.”

  3 Ibid., 12/30/35, “Due in Liverpool Tomorrow.”

  4 LROD, AML diary, 12/23/35, p. 333.

  5 Time, 1/6/36, “Hero and Herod,” part I.

  6 Ibid., 1/13/36, “Hero and Herod,” part II.

  7. NYT, 12/26/35, “Gangs Abroad Too, Lindbergh Is Told.”

  8 British Sessional Paper 1936–1937, Command Paper #5520, vol. 26, p. 463.

  9 NYT, 1/3/36. “Letters to the Editor: Crime in England.”

  10 LROD, AML diary, 12/29/35, p. 335.

  11 Time, 1/6/36, “Hero and Herod.”

  12 LROD, AML diary, 12/31/35, p. 336; and NYT, 1/4/36, “Lindberghs Start Trip to Wales.”

  13 F&N, AML letter to ELLL, 1/10/36, pp. 3–4.

  14 F&N, AML letter to CCM, 1/12/36, pp. 6–7.

  15 Ibid., p. 7.

  16 F&N, AML diary, 1/21/36, p. 10.

  17 Deirdre Beddoe, Women Between the Wars: 1918–1939, London: Pandora, 1989.

  18 F&N, AML diary, 1/28/36, p. 16.

  19 Ibid., pp. 11–12.

  20 Reeve Lindbergh, op. cit., pp. 143–144.

  21 The idea that art puts a glaze over reality recurs throughout Anne’s work, permeating her books and poetry.

  22 F&N, AML diary, 2/3/36 throu
gh 2/15/36, pp. 17–22.

  23 Ibid., 2/19/36, p. 23.

  24 Ibid., 2/20/36, pp. 23–26.

  25 Ibid.

  26 Ibid., p. 25.

  27 Jane Brown, Sissinghurst: Portrait of a Garden, 1990; Anne Scott-James, Sissinghurst: The Making of a Garden, 1974; and Tony Venison, “The Garden Before Sissinghurst,” Country Life, 169:924–6, 1981.

  28 AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 10.

  29 Fon W. Boardman, Jr., op. cit.

  30 NYT, 3/2/36.

  31 F&N, AML diary, 3/6/36, p. 29.

  32 Ibid., p. 30.

  33 Robert Goralski, World War II Almanac: 1931–1945, New York: Bonanza Books, 1981, p. 43.

  34 F&N, AML diary, 3/6/36, p. 31.

  35 F&N, AML letter to DWM, Jr., 3/25/36, pp. 40–41.

  36 NYT, 4/4/36, “Hauptmann Put to Death for Killing Lindbergh Baby; Remains Silent to the End.”

  37 Ibid.

  38 F&N, AML diary, 4/21/36, pp. 42–44.

  39 Ibid., 5/16/36, pp. 53–55.

  40 Ibid., 4/23–26/36, pp. 44–46.

  41 F&N, AML letter to CCM, 3/23/36, pp. 36–40.

  42 F&N, AML diary, 4/30/36, pp. 46–47.

  43 Ibid., 5/12/36, pp. 48–53.

  44 Ibid., 6/24/36, pp. 71–72.

  45 Ibid., 7/4/36, pp. 72–73.

  46 Walter Ross interview with Kate and Truman Smith, 4/9/65; Interview with Katharine Smith, 5/14/85; Interview with Katharine (Kaetchum) Smith Coley, 5/25/85; Robert Hessen, ed., Berlin Alert: The Memoirs and Reports of Truman Smith, Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1984.

  47 Interview with Katharine Smith, 5/14/85.

  48 Robert Hessen, ed., op. cit.

  49 Ibid.

  50 Preceding four paragraphs: F&N, AML diary, 7/22/36, pp. 80–84.

  51 William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Germany, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1959.

  52 F&N, AML diary, 7/22/36, pp. 80–84.

  53 Time, 8/3/36, “Airmen to Earthmen;” A perusal and examination of three representative newspapers of the Nazi Reich—Voelkischer Beobachter, Berliner Tageblatt, and Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung—during this period reveals that Lindbergh was welcomed as an American hero, whose presence gave validation to the technological developments in aviation.

  54 Walter Ross interview with Truman Smith, 4/9/65.

  55 Interview with Katharine Smith, 6/18/85.

  56 Ibid., 5/14/85.

  57 Ibid., 6/18/85.

  58 Interview with Katharine (Kaetchum) Smith Coley, 5/25/85.

  59 Interviews with Katharine Smith, 5/14/85 and 6/18/85.

  60 NYT, 7/24/36, “Lindbergh’s Warning.”

  61 Literary Digest, 1/9/37, “English Garden: Lindbergh’s Idyll.”

  62 Ibid.

  63 NYT, 7/25/36, “Lindbergh Speech Praised by Steed,” Wickham Steed.

  64 Wayne S. Cole, Charles A. Lindbergh and the Battle Against American Intervention in World War II, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974, p. 33.

  65 John Slessor, The Central Blue: Recollections and Reflections, London: Praeger, 1957.

  66 Interview with Katharine (Kaetchum) Smith Coley, 5/25/85.

  67 Wayne Cole, op. cit., p. 36; Telford Taylor, Munich: The Price of Peace, New York: Doubleday, 1979, p. 762.

  68 F&N, AML diary, 7/25/36, pp. 92–95.

  69 Ibid., 7/26/36, pp. 95–97.

  70 CAL, quoted in John Slessor, op. cit., pp. 218–219.

  71 NYT, 7/25/36, “Lindbergh Hits at Bombing Planes in Toast.”

  72 F&N, AML diary, 7/24/36, pp. 88–92.

  73 Walter Ross interview with Kate and Truman Smith, 4/9/65.

  74 Ibid.

  75 F&N, AML diary, 7/28/36, pp. 97–99.

  76 Ibid.

  77 David Irving, Goering: A Biography, New York: Avon Books, 1989.

  78 F&N, AML diary, 7/28/36, pp. 97–99.

  79 Interview with Katharine Smith, 6/18/85.

  80 Ibid.

  81 NYT, 8/3/36, “Lindbergh Ends Stay in Germany.”

  82 Walter Ross interview with Kate and Truman Smith, 4/9/65.

  83 F&N, AML letter to ECM, 8/5/36, pp. 100–102.

  84 CAL letter to Harry Davison, 1/23/37, as quoted in Wayne Cole, op. cit., p. 35.

  20. POLISH BRIGHT HIS HOOFS

  1 Anne Morrow, Smith College Monthly, January 1927, p. 46.

  2 F&N, AML diary, 4/20/37, p. 160.

  3 F&N, AML letter to Mary Landenberger Scandrett, 1/13/37, p. 124.

  4 Ibid., p. 126.

  5 An heir to the Astor real estate fortune.

  6 Christopher Sykes, Nancy: The Life of Lady Astor, London: Collins: 1972, pp. 79–99; Maurice Collins, Nancy Astor: An Informal Biography, London: Faber and Faber, 1960, pp. 22–34; Anthony Masters, Nancy Astor: A Life, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981, pp. 20–23.

  7 Christopher Sykes, op. cit., pp. 364–410; Claud Cockburn (recognized as the journalist who gave life to the term “Cliveden Set”), “Britain’s Cliveden Set” in Current History, Feb. 1938, vol. 48, pp. 31–34.

  8 Kenneth Davis, The Hero, New York: Doubleday, 1959, p. 375.

  9 F&N, AML letter to ECM, 1/15/37, pp. 127–129.

  10 Ibid., 1/22/37, pp. 129–131.

  11 F&N, AML diary, 2/1/37, pp. 131–137.

  12 Ibid., 2/6/37, pp. 141–142.

  13 NYT, 3/5/37, “Lindbergh Embarrassed.”

  14 F&N, AML letter to ECM, 3/8/37, pp. 148–152.

  15 CAL letter to Harold Bixby, 3/9/37, National Archives.

  16 F&N, AML letter to ECM, 4/11/37, pp. 154–156.

  17 Ibid., 4/17/37, pp. 156–157.

  18 F&N, AML letter to “Grandma” Cutter, 5/3/37, pp. 159–160.

  19 NYT, 5/25/37, “Third Son Is Born to the Lindberghs;” 5/26/37, “Lindberghs’ Baby Born After a Race;” 5/30/37, “Lindbergh Birth Listed.”

  20 F&N, AML diary, 5/20/37, pp. 160–165.

  21 NYT, 7/4/37, “Lindbergh Flies to Brittany;” 7/6/37, “Lindbergh Sees Carrel;” 7/7/37, “Lindbergh Returns to England;” 7/30/37, “Lindbergh Visits Dr. Carrel;” 8/9/37, “Lindbergh Visits France.” Also, F&N, AML letter to Thelma Crawford Lee, 7/31/37, pp. 171–172.

  22 Mme. Carrel, as quoted in F&N, AML diary, 8/30/36, p. 108.

  23 F&N, AML letter to Thelma Crawford Lee.

  24 After recovering from his breakdown in his senior year of high school, Dwight enrolled, in 1928, in Amherst College, where his manic episodes earned him a reputation as one of the “brashest” freshmen in school history. Later in his freshman year, Dwight was depressed again, and his parents placed him in a private hospital in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. There, the program worked, and Dwight returned to Amherst and performed so well that he earned the epithet given to his father: the student “most likely to succeed.” In 1936, Dwight received a master’s degree in history from Harvard and in 1936, entered Harvard Law School.

  25 Interviews with Margot Loines Morrow Wilke, 8/24/94 and 10/31/94.

  26 Ibid.

  27 AML, Listen! The Wind, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1938.

  21. AFTER THE FALL

  1 AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 62.

  2 NYT, 8/9/37, “Lindbergh Visits France.”

  3 Ibid., 7/14/38, “Carrel and Lindbergh Writing Book on Isle; Scientist Requests that Flier be Left Alone.”