Anne Morrow Lindbergh: Her Life

by Susan Hertog

  12 Ibid.

  13 NYT, 9/18/39, “Britton Chides Lindbergh.”

  14 WW&W, AML diary, 9/20/39, p. 59, and New York Herald Tribune.

  15 WW&W, AML diary, 9/26/39, pp. 60–63.

  16 Robert Goralski, op. cit., p. 96.

  17 Ibid., pp. 96–97.

  18 CAL, Wartime Journals, pp. 267–268.

  19 NYT, 10/14/39, “Lindbergh Favors a Split Arms Ban.”

  20 Ibid., 10/15/39, “Lindbergh Speech Assailed in Senate.”

  21 Ibid., 10/22/39, “British Host Gives Lindbergh Excuse.”

  22 WW&W, AML diary, 10/28/39, p. 65.

  23 Time, 10/30/39, “War and Peace.”

  24 Alexis Carrel, letter to Jim Newton, 10/24/39, Georgetown University Archives.

  25 CAL, Wartime Journals, p. 278.

  26 NYT, 10/22/39, “Mrs. Morrow Differs with Col. Lindbergh on Arms Ban, Joins Group Seeking Repeal.”

  27 Robert E. Herzstein, op. cit., pp. 308, 323.

  28 WW&W, AML diary, 10/28/39, p. 64.

  29 Reader’s Digest, 11/1/39, “Aviation, Geography and Race,” CAL.

  30 New Republic, 11/1/39, “Shoot the Works: The Ambassador’s Pajamas,” Heywood Broun.

  31 Robert Goralski, op. cit., p. 100.

  32 WW&W, AML diary, 11/27/39, p. 68.

  33 Ibid., 11/28/39, p. 69.

  34 Reader’s Digest, Jan. 1940, AML, “A Prayer for Peace,” pp. 1–8.

  35 Ibid.

  26. IMAGES

  1 AML letter to the author, 7/31/86.

  2 WW&W, AML diary, 1/1/40, p. 73.

  3 AML, “Pas de deux—Winter,” in The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 65.

  4 WW&W, AML diary, 1/1/40, pp. 73–74.

  5 Ibid., pp. 74–76.

  6 Alfred North Whitehead, The Adventure of Ideas, New York: Macmillan, 1933.

  7 James Newton, op. cit., pp. 219–226; AML, WW&W, pp. 77–78; CAL, Wartime Journals, pp. 307–316.

  8 CAL, Wartime Journals, 1/21/40, p. 307.

  9 WW&W, AML diary, pp. 77–78.

  10 Interview with James Newton, 6/27/91.

  11 Dr. George H. Gallop, op. cit., p. 211; New York: interviewing date 2/2–7/40, survey #183-K, question #6.

  12 CAL, Wartime Journals, 1/30/40, p. 312.

  13 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 2/17/40–3/12/40, p. 107.

  14 CAL, Wartime Journals, 3/27/40, pp. 327–328.

  15 Ibid., 3/1/40, pp. 319–320.

  16 Ibid., 3/16/40, p. 326.

  17 Ibid., 3/15/40, p. 326.

  18 WW&W, AML diary, 4/3/40, p. 78.

  19 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 4/9/40, p. 108.

  20 CAL, Wartime Journals, 4/11/40, pp. 331–332.

  21 WW&W, AML diary, 4/16/40, p. 79.

  22 Ibid., 4/23/40 and 4/29/40, pp. 79–81.

  23 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 4/27/40, p. 111.

  24 CAL, Wartime Journals, 4/28/40, p. 338.

  25 George H. Gallup, interviewing date 5/16–21/40, survey #194-K, question #6.

  26 NYT, 5/1/40, “Plan to Help Allies Is Widely Supported.”

  27 B. H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War, New York, Putnam, 1971, pp. 74–86.

  28 Sir Winston Churchill, Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat: The Speeches of Winston Churchill, edited and with an introduction by David Cannadine, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.

  29 CAL, Wartime Journals, 5/16/40, p. 348.

  30 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 5/16/40, p. 114.

  31 NYT, 5/20/40, “Lindbergh Decries Fears of Invasion;” and CAL, Wartime Journals, 5/19/40, pp. 349–350.

  32 NYT, 5/20/40, “Col. Lindbergh’s Broadcast.”

  33 Ibid., 5/21/40, “Italians Resigned to Active War Role.”

  34 WW&W, AML diary, 5/24/40, pp. 86–87.

  35 Ibid., 5/26/40, p. 89.

  36 Ibid., 5/31/40, p. 96.

  37 CAL, Wartime Journals, 6/15/40, p. 358; Vital Speeches of the Day, “Our Drift Toward War,” 6:549–551, July 1940; and NYT, 6/16/40, “Lindbergh Charges War Designs Here.”

  38 WW&W, AML diary, 6/15/40, p. 109.

  39 Albert Lee, Henry Ford and the Jews, New York: Stein and Day, 1980, p. 46; Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish Conspiracy and the Protocol of the Elders of Zion, New York: Harper and Row, 1966, pp. 159–185.

  40 CAL, Wartime Journals, 6/27/40, p. 363.

  41 Ken Silverstein, Ford and the Fuhrer: New Documents Reveal the Close Ties Between Dearborn and the Nazis, The Nation.com, issue 000124.

  42 WW&W, AML diary, 6/28/40, p. 120.

  43 Ibid., 7/19/40, p. 128.

  44 Ibid.

  45 Ibid., pp. 130–131.

  46 NYT, 8/5/40, “Lindbergh Urges We ‘Cooperate’ With Germany if Reich Wins War.”

  47 Vital Speeches of the Day, 6:644–646, 8/15/40, “An Appeal for Peace.”

  48 William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary, New York: Knopf, 1941, pp. 467, 592–593.

  49 AML, The Wave of the Future, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940.

  50 Ibid.

  51 E. B. White, “One Man’s Meat,” Harper’s, 2/1/42.

  52 Dorothy Ducas, “Mother and Daughter,” Who, 8/1/41.

  53 Interview with AML.

  54 WW&W, AML diary, 6/2/40, pp. 97–98.

  27. SAINT OF THE MIDNIGHT WILD

  1 AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 45.

  2 WW&W, AML letter to Mrs. Neilson, 1/22/41, p. 163.

  3 CAL, Wartime Journals, 10/14/39, pp. 404–405; 5/1/41, p. 481.

  4 Dr. George H. Gallup, The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1935–1971, p. 263.

  5 CAL, Wartime Journals, 1/19/41, p. 441.

  6NYT, 1/24/41, “Lindbergh Sees Stalemate, So Urges Negotiated Peace; Doubts Air Invasion of U.S.” by Harold Hinton; Life, 2/3/41, “Colonel Lindbergh Tells House Committee Neither Side Will Win War;” and CAL Wartime Journals, 1/23/41, pp. 442–443.

  7 Life, 2/3/41, “Colonel Lindbergh Tells House Committee Neither Side Will Win War.”

  8 NYT, 1/25/41, “Lindbergh Praised by Reich Official.”

  9 CAL, Wartime Journals, 1/31/41, p. 444.

  10 James Newton, op. cit., pp. 237–250; CAL, Wartime Journals, 3/6/41–3/27/41, pp. 455–471; WW&W, pp. 167–169.

  11 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 3/11/41, p. 150.

  12 CAL, “A Letter to Americans,” Collier’s, 3/29/41, pp. 14–15, 75–77.

  13 NYT, 2/7/41, “Lindbergh Own Author, But Wife Sees Speeches.”

  14 Ibid., 3/27/41, “Victory Is Certain, Halifax Declares.”

  15 John Ellis, op. cit., p. 231.

  16 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 4/9/41, p. 153.

  17 CAL, Wartime Journals, 4/11/41, p. 474.

  18 NYT, 4/18/41, “Lindbergh Calls War Lost by Allies;” CAL, Wartime Journals, 4/17/41, pp. 474–475.

  19 Justus D. Doenecke, In Danger Undaunted: The Anti-Interventionist Movement of 1940–1941 as Revealed in the Papers of the America First Committee, Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1990, p. 7.

  20 Dr. George H. Gallup, op. cit., pp. 268–276, see also p. 278, question 15a.

  21 NYT, 4/14/41, “Ickes Offers a List of Nazi ‘Tools’ Here.”

  22 CAL, Wartime Journals, 4/23/41, pp. 476–477.

  23 NYT, 4/24/41, “British Seek Another A.E.F., Lindbergh tells 10,000 Here.”

  24 Ibid., 4/23/41, “Lindbergh to Lead Anti-Convoy Rally.”

  25 Ibid., 4/25/41, “Lindbergh Praised in Nazi Newspaper.”

  26 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 4/25/41, p. 156.

  27 NYT, 4/26/41, “Nazis Near Athens, British Leave; Vast Equipment Reported Saved; U.S. Will Patrol Wider Sea Areas,” by Frank L. Kluckhorn.

  28 CAL, Wartime Journals, 4/27/41, p. 480; NYT, 4/29/41, “Lindbergh Quits Air Corps, Sees His Loyalty Questioned.”

  29 CAL, Wartime Journals, 4/26/41, p. 479.

  30 Atlantic Monthly, June 1941, 167:681–686, “Reaffirmation” by AML.

  31 WW&W, AML letter to Laura Stevens, 4/29/41, pp. 173–175.
/>   32 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 5/20/41, pp. 159–160.

  33 CAL, Wartime Journals, 5/15/41, pp. 489–490.

  34 Vital Speeches of the Day, 6/1/41, vol. 7, no. 16., p. 1, “Election Promises Should be Kept;” NYT, 5/24/41, “Lindbergh Joins in Wheeler Plea to US. to Shun War;” CAL, Wartime Journals, 5/23/41, pp. 492–494; WW&W, AML diary, 5/23/41, pp. 186–192.

  35 NYT, 6/2/41, “Calls This ‘A Just War.’”

  36 Ibid., 5/26/41, “Woollcott Takes Lindbergh to Task.”

  37 Ibid., 5/30/41, “Lindbergh Assails Roosevelt Speech,” by Lawrence E. Davies; CAL, Wartime Journals, 5/29/41, pp. 497–498.

  38 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 6/22/41, p. 164.

  39 NYT, 6/23/41, “Lindbergh Sees Need for ‘Profound Analysis.’”

  40 Ibid., 7/2/41, “Lindbergh Assails Tie with Russia.”

  41 The area was once owned by a Dr. Shaler, a professor of geology at Harvard University. But with the coming of the First World War, the farm went broke and the Shalers were forced to parcel their land. Margot Loines Morrow’s father had purchased one of those lots [Interview with Margot Loines Wilkie at Seven Gates Farm, 1994}.

  42 WW&W, AML letter to ECM, 8/8/41, p. 213.

  43 CAL, Wartime Journals, 8/9/41, pp. 524–525.

  44 Life, 8/11/41, “Lindbergh: A Stubborn Young Man of Strange Ideas Becomes a Leader of Wartime Opposition,” by Roger Butterfield.

  45 WW&W, AML diary, 9/11/41, p. 220.

  46 Ibid., p. 221.

  47 NYT, 9/12/41, “Lindbergh Sees a ‘Plot’ for War;” and CAL, Wartime Journals, 9/11/41, pp. 536–537.

  48 Ibid.

  49 WW&W, AML diary, 9/14/41, p. 224.

  28. PILGRIM

  1 AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 44.

  2 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 12/7/41, pp. 186–189.

  3 Basil Rauch, ed., Franklin D. Roosevelt: Selected Speeches, Messages, Press Conferences, and Letters, New York: Rinehart, 1957.

  4 CAL, Wartime Journals, 12/8/41, p. 560.

  5 NYT, 12/9/41, “Rush of Recruits Crowds Stations.”

  6 WW&W, AML diary, 2/18/42, p. 248.

  7 CAL, Wartime Journals, 12/12/41, pp. 566–567.

  8 NYT, 12/31/41, “Lindbergh Volunteers to Serve on Active Duty in Army Air Corps,” and “Mr. Lindbergh Volunteers,” editorial.

  9 As cited in Newsweek, 1/12/42, “Volunteers.”

  10 The Nation, 1/10/42, “Charles Lindbergh’s Offer to Serve.”

  11 CAL, Wartime Journals, 3/16/42, p. 603.

  12 WW&W, AML letter to Margot Loines Morrow, 2/26/42, pp. 248–249.

  13 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Flight to Arras, New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1942.

  14 WW&W, AML diary, 3/15/43, p. 331.

  15 Robert Goralski, op. cit., March 1942, p. 207.

  16 CAL, Wartime Journals, 3/12/42, p. 602.

  17 Ibid., 3/26/42, pp. 609–610.

  18 WW&W, AML diary, 3/12/42, p. 251.

  19 Anne’s function in the writing of this book is disputed. Some scholars say she had a role in editing and rewriting his book; others minimize her contributions.

  20 CAL, The Spirit of St. Louis, op. cit.

  21 WW&W, AML diary, 3/12/42, p. 252.

  22 Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique, New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1963.

  23 WW&W, AML letter to CAL, 4/8/42, pp. 257–258.

  24 WW&W, CAL letter to AML, 4/10/42, pp. 259–260.

  25 WW&W, AML diary, 11/6/41, pp. 236–237.

  26 Ibid., 12/10–12/13/42, p. 242.

  27 WW&W, AML letter to CAL, 5/26/42, pp. 266–267.

  28 WW&W, AML diary, 7/18/42, pp. 272–276.

  29 Elizabeth-Anne Wheal, Stephen Pope, and James Taylor, A Dictionary of the Second World War, London: Grafton, 1989, p. 105.

  30 Daniel Goldhagen, op. cit., p. 98; and Ron Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler: the Search for the Origins of his Evil, New York: Random House, 1998, pp. 42–43, 373–374.

  31 CAL, Wartime Journals, 7/31/42, pp. 684–685.

  32 WW&W, AML diary, 8/2/42–8/4/42, pp. 282–285.

  33 Ibid., 8/12/42, pp. 287–294.

  34 CAL, Wartime Journals, 8/13/42, p. 696.

  35 WW&W, AML diary, “Coming Home,” pp. 298–300.

  36 AML, Steep Ascent, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1944.

  37 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, “To All Frenchmen Everywhere,” NYT Magazine, 11/23/42.

  38 WW&W, AML diary, 11/28/42, pp. 306–307.

  39 Ibid., p. 309.

  40 Ibid., 12/20/42, p. 312.

  29. THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY

  1 The Variorum Edition of the Poems of W. B. Yeats, Peter Alt, ed., New York: Macmillan, 1987, p. 477.

  2 WW&W, AML Diary, 1/26/43, pp. 320–322.

  3 The title Steep Ascent came from a nineteenth-century Presbyterian hymn by Reginald Heber. Like Anne’s poem “St. Christopher,” it asks “Who will bear the burdens of Christ?” It speaks of the saints who sacrifice themselves in a war against tyranny and brute force. They are a noble army, not only of men and boys, but of matrons and maids, who will climb the Steep Ascent of Heaven. May all of us, wrote Heber, follow in their train and receive the gift of grace.

  4 WW&W, AML diary, 2/18/43, pp. 325–326.

  5 Ibid., 9/3/43, p. 386.

  6 Ibid., 3/15/43, pp. 330–331.

  7 Ibid., 4/17/43, p. 340.

  8 Robert Goralski, op. cit., pp. 265–281.

  9 CAL, Wartime Journals, 1/6/44, p. 756.

  10 Ibid., 4/3/44, p. 775.

  11 WW&W, 4/5/44, AML diary, p. 424.

  12 CAL, Wartime Journals, 6/9/44, p. 847.

  13 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 3/11/50, “Lindbergh Flew 50 War Missions, Bombed and Strafed Japs in Pacific.”

  14 CAL, Wartime Journals, 5/24/44, p. 821.

  15 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 6/6/44, p. 321.

  16 WW&W, AML diary, 7/29/44, pp. 436–437.

  17 Ibid., 6/20/44, pp. 426–427.

  18 John Jay Chapman and His Letters, M. A. De Wolfe Howe, ed., as cited in WW&W, AML letter to CAL, 7/2/44, p. 429.

  19 Robert Goralski, op. cit., 8/24/44 and 8/25/44, p. 340.

  20 Newsweek, 9/11/44, “Collaboration Camp;” NYT, 8/31/44, “Dr. Carrel Arrested as Vichy Adherent;” NYT, 8/29/44, “French Health Chief Dismisses Dr. Carrel;” and New York Herald Tribune, 8/29/44, “Dr. Alexis Carrel Dismissed as Head of Institute in Paris.”

  21 Katherine Crutcher [Carrel’s Assistant] letter to R. B. Wolf, 9/11/44, Rockefeller Archives.

  22 NYT, 11/6/44, “Dr. Alexis Carrel Dies in Paris at 71;” Time, 11/13/44, “Died: Dr. Alexis Carrel;” The Catholic World, 12/1/44, “Noted Scientist Dies in Paris.”

  23 Letter from Brigadier General T. Bentley Mott to Mr. Frederic Coudert, Sr., 12/10/44, Rockefeller Archives.

  24 NYT, 9/21/44, “Lindbergh Arrives Home.”

  25 CAL, Wartime Journals, 9/20/44, pp. 926–927.

  26 Ibid.

  27 AML, The Gift from the Sea.

  28 WW&W, AML diary, 10/8/44, p. 447.

  29 Ibid., 10/27/44, pp. 450–452.

  30 CAL, Wartime Journals, 5/17/45, pp. 942–943.

  31 Ibid., 5/18/45, pp. 946–951.

  32 Lucy Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933–1945, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975.

  33 CAL, Wartime Journals, p. 949.

  34 NYT, 12/18/45, “Lindbergh Urges Power-Backed Uno.”

  30. PURE GOLD

  1 AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems, p. 49. This chapter is based on interviews with Anne’s family and friends. Everyone wanted to talk about Gift from the Sea. However, James Newton, who had accompanied Anne and Charles on their early trips to Captiva, Margot Morrow Wilkie, who was among those who visited Anne during her stay, Ernestine Stodell Chamberlain, who read Anne’s original manuscript, and their youngest child, Reeve Lindbergh Tripp, contributed most to my understanding.