by Richard Beck
23. Cheit, Witch-Hunt Narrative, 40.
24. “Reporter’s Daily Transcript, Tuesday, August 9, 1988, Volume 266. The People of the State of California, Plaintiff, vs. Raymond Buckey and Peggy McMartin Buckey, Defendants,” 37, 694.
25. Manhattan Beach Police Department, Supplemental Report, Jane Hoag, re. Victim: Matthew Johnson [pseud.], dr. no. 83-04288.
26. Ibid., 4.
27. Ibid., 4.
28. CII interview with Ella Baldwin (pseud.), 1 November 1983, transcript, interviewer Kee MacFarlane, 1.
29. Ibid., 33.
30. Ibid., 37.
31. Ibid., 47.
32. Ibid., 53–54.
33. Ibid., 57.
34. Ibid., 62.
35. Ibid., 71.
36. CII interview with Otis Lawton (pseud.), November 1983, transcript, interviewer Kee McFarlane, 71.
37. Cheit, Witch-Hunt Narrative, 45.
38. CII interview with Mark Janes (pseud.), November 30, 1983, transcript, interviewer Kee McFarlane, 9–11.
39. Jane Hoag, Supplemental Report, Jane Hoag, re. Victim: Matthew Johnson (pseud.), November 30, 1983.
40. CII interview with Jenny Brown (pseud.), December 7, 1983, transcript, interviewer KeeMacFarlane, 58.
41. CII interview with Jeremy Morse (pseud.), December 9, 1983, transcript, interviewer Kee McFarlane, 16.
42. Ibid., 22.
43. Ibid., 26.
44. Ibid., 53.
45. Cheit, Witch-Hunt Narrative, 50–51.
46. Ibid., 47.
47. Roland Summit and JoAnn Kryso, “Sexual Abuse of Children: A Clinical Spectrum,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 48, no. 2 (April 1978): 237.
48. Ibid., 239.
49. Ibid., 243.
50. Mary Springer, “Most Incest Cases Are Not Reported; Area Has Its Share,” Torrance Daily Breeze, July 5, 1977, A1.
51. Roland Summit and JoAnn Kryso, “Sexual Abuse of Children: A Clinical Spectrum,” 237–251.
52. Roland Summit, “The Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome,” Child Abuse and Neglect 7 (1983): 177–193.
53. CII Interview with Keith Doherty (pseud.), transcript, January 24, 1984, 13–14.
54. Ibid., 17–18.
55. Ibid., 21–22.
56. Ibid., 28.
57. Ibid., 35.
58. Ibid., 37.
59. Ibid., 65.
60. Ibid., 68.
61. Cheit, The Witch-Hunt Narrative, 51.
62. Eyewitness News, KABC-TV Los Angeles, CA, February 2, 1984.
63. Ibid.
64. Bruce Woodling and Peter D. Kossoris, “Sexual Misuse, Rape, Molestation and Incest,” Pediatric Clinics of North America 28, no. 2 (1981): 481–499.
65. Wilmes R. G. Teixeira, “Hymenal Colposcopic Examination in Sexual Offenses,” American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 2, no. 3 (September 1981): 209–215.
66. Kevin Cody, “McMartin Kids’ Doctor Says Physical Abuse a Certainty,” Easy Reader, January 14, 1988, 20.
67. “In Wake of Sexual Abuse: Unraveling a Nightmare,” American Medical News, March 22, 1985, 1.
68. Nathan and Snedeker, Satan’s Silence, 101.
69. Astrid Heger, director, Response: Child Sexual Abuse—A Medical View, film (Los Angeles: United Way, 1985).
70. Nathan and Snedeker, Satan’s Silence, 83.
71. Kevin Cody, “Defense Attacks Abuse Findings by Child Doctor,” Easy Reader, February 4, 1988, 19.
72. Nathan and Snedeker, Satan’s Silence, 84–85.
73. Eyewitness News, KABC-TV Los Angeles, CA. Videotape “#1—Satz 1 & 2,” in possession of Danny Davis.
74. Danny Davis, interview with author, September 19, 2012.
75. Sue Avery, “Spreading Worry: Hotline Kept Busy with Child Abuse Calls—‘Public Awareness’ on Rise, Says Director,” Los Angeles Times, April 8, 1984.
76. Lois Timnick, “Abuse in the Nursery School—A License Is No Safety Guarantee,” Los Angeles Times, April 2, 1984.
77. Lois Timnick, “Safety at Child-Care Centers: Whose Job Is It? Parents Ask,” Los Angeles Times, June 18, 1984.
78. George Wiley, “The Dilemma of Day Care,” Easy Reader, September 27, 1984, 18.
Chapter 3
1. Patrick Boulay, “Five Arrested as Part of Countywide Child Sex Abuse Ring Investigation,” Jordan Independent, May 30, 1984, 2.
2. E. R. Shipp, “Minnesota Townspeople Jolted by Sex Scandal with Children,” New York Times, September 6, 1984, www.nytimes.com/1984/09/06/us/minnesota-townspeople-jolted-by-sex-scandal-with-children.html.
3. Mary Schroeder, “What Should Families Do About Sexual Abusers?” Jordan Independent, October 20, 1983, 4.
4. Edward Humes, Mean Justice: A Town’s Terror, a Prosecutor’s Power, a Betrayal of Innocence (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), 61.
5. Don Hardy Jr. and Dana Nachman, directors, Witch Hunt, film (KTF Films, 2008).
6. Eric Black, “Zeal Sets Up Morris for Criticism and Praise,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 19, 1984, 16A.
7. Ibid., 1A.
8. People v. Tony Galindo Perez, Opinion of the California Court of Appeal, Fifth Appellate District, no. 4381, May 18, 1981.
9. Ibid.
10. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954); Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964); Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
11. Jonathan Simon, Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), Kindle Edition, location 742.
12. Humes, Mean Justice, 65.
13. Ibid., 64.
14. Ross E. Cheit, The Witch-Hunt Narrative: Politics, Psychology, and the Sexual Abuse of Children (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 119.
15. In Re Scott and Brenda Kniffen on Habeas Corpus, Kern County (Calif.) Superior Court, Appeal No. 5 Crim. F004423, October 28, 1993, 13–15.
16. Ibid., 17–19.
17. Debbie Nathan and Michael R. Snedeker, Satan’s Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern Witch Hunt (New York: Basic Books, 1995), 61.
18. Hardy and Nachman, Witch Hunt.
19. Michael Trihey, “Parents Found Guilty of Molestation 289 Times,” Bakersfield Californian, May 17, 1984, A1.
20. Gary A. Gilbreath, “Letters: Cites Tragic Results in Molester Trial,” Bakersfield Californian, June 22, 1984, B10.
21. Humes, Mean Justice, 362.
22. Paul McEnroe and David Peterson, “Jordan,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 21, 1984, 23A.
23. Bruce Rubenstein, “‘I’m Not the Only One Who’s Guilty’ Claims Rud in Interview,” Jordan Independent, August 22, 1984, 14.
24. McEnroe and Peterson, “Jordan,” 17A.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Tom Dubbe, Nightmares and Secrets: The Real Story of the 1984 Child Sexual Abuse Scandal in Jordan, Minnesota (Shakopee, MN: Memorial Press, 2005), 56.
28. “SMK Interview,” September 26, 1983, transcript, 2.
29. “Supplementary Report, Complainant Detective David N. Einertson, Suspect James John Rud,” received by attorney’s office on November 22, 1983.
30. Arrest Report, Marlene Germundson, DOB 9-8-56, received by attorney’s office on November 14, 1983.
31. “KAL Interview,” October 20, 1983, transcript, 2.
32. “JMO Interview,” October 3, 1983, transcript, 3–4.
33. Paul McEnroe, “Abuse Cases Darken Jordan’s Bright Side,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, November 18, 1983, 10A.
34. Paul McEnroe, “Sex-Abuse Charges Against Rud Total 108,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, November 19, 1983, 7A.
35. Jim Parso
ns, “Caution Becomes the Rule in Jordan,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, November 20, 1983.
36. “Computer Will Document Abuse Investigation Data,” Jordan Independent, December 15, 1983, 7.
37. Gail Andersen, “Abuse of Children Not More Prevalent in Jordan,” Jordan Independent, November 24, 1983.
38. Schroeder, “What Should Families Do About Sexual Abusers?” 4.
39. Patrick Boulay, “Shakopee Man Latest Sex Ring Suspect; 8 Now Arrested,” Jordan Independent, November 24, 1983, 1.
40. Schroeder, “What Should Families Do About Sexual Abusers?” 4.
41. “Out of the Mouths of Babes,” with Trish Wood, Notes from the 5th Estate, broadcast date January 5, 1993, transcript.
42. Susan Phipps-Yonas, interview with author, May 23, 2013.
43. “Out of the Mouths of Babes,” Notes from the 5th Estate.
44. “Law Clerks Hired for Rud Case, Foster Parents Needed,” Shakopee Valley News, February 8, 1984, 1.
45. Nathan and Snedeker, Satan’s Silence, 94.
46. Hardy and Nachman, Witch Hunt.
47. Steve E. Swenson, “Rate of Arrest for Molesting Double in Kern,” Bakersfield Californian, October 23, 1983, A1.
48. Hardy and Nachman, Witch Hunt.
49. Ibid.
50. “Report on the Kern County Child Abuse Investigation,” Office of the Attorney General, Division of Law Enforcement—Bureau of Investigation, September 1986, 18–19.
51. Hardy and Nachman, Witch Hunt.
52. Humes, Mean Justice, 217.
53. Robert D. Hicks, In Pursuit of Satan (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1991), 263.
54. Humes, Mean Justice, 221.
55. Steve E. Swenson, “Officers Certain Child Pornography Is Made in Kern,” Bakersfield Californian, January 28, 1985, A4.
56. Interview Report, Case No. 85-0181-01A, State of California, Department of Justice, Bureau of Investigation, May 7, 1986, 9.
57. Humes, Mean Justice, 222.
58. Nathan and Snedeker, Satan’s Silence, 99.
59. “Report on the Kern County Child Abuse Investigation,” vii.
60. Humes, Mean Justice, 222.
61. Hardy and Nachman, Witch Hunt.
62. “Report on the Kern County Child Abuse Investigation,” viii.
63. Ibid., viii.
64. Humes, Mean Justice, 224.
65. Ibid., 226.
66. Dennis J. McGrath, “Jordan Child Abuser Turns State Witness,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, August 16, 1984, 1A.
67. “James Rud, Voluntary Statement,” August 14, 1984, 1–2.
68. Ibid., 3.
69. Ibid., 5.
70. Ibid., 7.
71. “James Rud, Voluntary Statement, Tape #3,” August 15, 1984, 7.
72. Ibid., 19.
73. Josephine Marcotty, “Rud Fails to Identify Child-Abuse Suspect,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, August 28, 1984, 1B.
74. Mike Kaszuba, “James Rud Sex-Abuse Testimony Thrown Out,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, September 5, 1984, 1A.
75. “State of Minnesota, Commission Established by Executive Order No. 85-10 Concerning Kathleen Morris, Scott County Attorney, Report to Governor Rudy Perpich,” 36.
76. Josephine Marcotty, “Both Bentzes Deny Abusing Children,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, September 14, 1984, 2A.
77. Bruce Rubinstein, “Sex Abuse Case Analysis: Was Bentz Trial a Witch-Hunt?” Jordan Independent, September 26, 1984, 2A.
78. Josephine Marcotty, “Tearful Girl, 12, Confronts Attorney Who Challenges Sex-Abuse Testimony,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, September 1, 1984, 1A.
79. Dan Oberdorfer and Josephine Marcotty, “Bentzes Acquitted in Abuse Case,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, September 20, 1984, 1A.
80. Kathleen Morris, “Text of Kathleen Morris’ Statement,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 16, 1984, 15A.
81. “State of Minnesota, Commission Established by Executive Order No. 85-10 Concerning Kathleen Morris, Scott County Attorney, Report to Governor Rudy Perpich,” 11.
82. Pat Doyle and Paul McEnroe, “Transcripts Allege Child-Porn Ring,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 18, 1984, 7A.
83. Pat Doyle, “Girl Told Officers of Porno Films, Being Forced to Eat Pets,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 19, 1984, 1A.
84. Joe Rigert and Kevin Diaz, “BCA to Investigate Reports of Slayings,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 18, 1984, 1A–9A.
85. Dan Oberdorfer and Joe Rigert, “Morris Withdraws from Cases,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 19, 1984, 14A.
86. Paul McEnroe, Dan Oberdorfer, and Cheryl Johnson, “Sources Suggest Link to Stories of Child Slayings,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 16, 1984, 15A.
87. “County Estimates Cost of Sex Abuse Ring Expenditures at $251,266.87,” Jordan Independent, August 22, 1984, 3.
88. “Out of the Mouths of Babes,” Notes from the 5th Estate.
89. Britt Robson, “The Scars of Scott County,” Minneapolis St. Paul Magazine, March 1991, 127.
90. Joe Rigert and Paul McEnroe, “Boys’ Admission of Lies Halted Probe of Child Slayings,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, November 20, 1984, 6A.
91. Paul McEnroe and David Peterson, “Jordan,” Minneapolis Star and Tribune, October 21, 1984, 20A.
Chapter 4
1. Lois Timnick, “A Town That No Longer Trusts Itself,” Los Angeles Times, July 29, 1984, B1.
2. “Supplemental Report—02513, Nov. 19 1984,” Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department.
3. George Wiley, “McMartin Parents Take Matters, Shovels in Own Hands, Search Lot,” Easy Reader, March 21, 1985, 3.
4. Investigator’s Report, March 28, 1985, Manhattan Beach Police Department.
5. Kevin Cody, “McMartin Children Turn to Press, Defendants Turn to Supervisors,” Easy Reader, November 14, 1985, 5.
6. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Parent Arrested in Futile Evidence Search,” Easy Reader, May 9, 1985, 4.
7. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, November 15, 1984, 11.
8. Joan Villa Cziment, “A Community Agonizes over Action in Child Molestation,” Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1984, SB1.
9. George Wiley, “The Dilemma of Day Care,” Easy Reader, September 27, 1984, 17.
10. James Quinn, “A Mother’s Child-Abuse War,” Los Angeles Times, July 1, 1984, V1.
11. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, November 15, 1984.
12. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, August 30, 1984, 5.
13. Gary K. Morley and Bruce R. Stevens, “Report on Interview with Brett Wiesberg,” Federal Bureau of Investigation, conducted June 21, 1984, 2.
14. Michael A. Randolph, “Report on Interview with Malcolm Robert Lawton [pseud.] and Gloria Sue Lawton [pseud.],” Federal Bureau of Investigation, conducted July 5, 1984, 1.
15. Ibid., 4.
16. “Report on Interview with Judy Johnson,” Federal Bureau of Investigation, conducted June 26, 1984.
17. Carl Ingram, “Senate Oks Court Use of TV in Child Sex-Abuse Cases,” Los Angeles Times, February 5, 1985, SD3.
18. Carl Ingram and Jerry Gillam, “Senate Oks Tough Child Abuse Bill,” Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1984, A18.
19. Paul Feldman, “Sex Abuse Trials: Glare on Children,” Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1984, D1.
20. Kevin Cody, interview with author, October 3, 2012.
21. “Child Sexual Abuse Victims in the Courts,” US Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, Committee on the Judiciary, Washington, DC, May 22, 1984, 83.
22. Paul Feldman, “Sex Abuse Trials: Glare on Children,” D8.
23. Danny Davis, interview with author, September 19, 2012.
24. Ibid.
25
. Ibid.
26. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, September 27, 1984, 8.
27. Paul Eberle and Shirley Eberle, The Abuse of Innocence: The McMartin Preschool Trial (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1993).
28. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, November 29, 1984, 1, italics in original.
29. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” September 27, 1984, 8.
30. Marilyn Croffi, “Syndicate Jackson!” Easy Reader, October 11, 1984, 2.
31. “Testimony of Kee MacFarlane,” Child Abuse and Daycare, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Children, Youth and Families, US House of Representatives, September 17, 1984, 42.
32. Ibid., 43.
33. Ibid., 44.
34. Nadine Brozan, “Witness Says She Fears ‘Child Predator’ Network,” New York Times, September 18, 1984, www.nytimes.com/1984/09/18/us/witness-says-she-fears-child-predator-network.html.
35. “Testimony of Kee MacFarlane,” 46.
36. Ibid., 45.
37. Ibid., 46.
38. Peter W. Kunhardt and Kenneth Wooden, producers, “Why the Silence?” 20/20, ABC, January 3, 1985.
39. Morgan Gendel, “KABC Plans to Preempt ‘20/20’ Show,” Los Angeles Times, December 24, 1984, D1.
40. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, November 29, 1984, 44.
41. “McMartin Chronology,” Easy Reader, January 25, 1990, 13.
42. Carol McGraw, “10-Year-Old’s Credibility Tested by Allegations,” Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1985, C2.
43. Carol McGraw, “Macabre Cemetery Rites Told by McMartin Witness,” Los Angeles Times, April 25, 1985, C6.
44. McGraw, “10-Year-Old’s Credibility Tested by Allegations,” C1.
45. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, April 4, 1985, 4.
46. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, April 11, 1985, 5.
47. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, September 19, 1985, 15.
48. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, May 9, 1985, 9.
49. John A. Jackson, “McMartin Watch,” Easy Reader, November 7, 1985, 1.
50. Mary A. Fischer, “McMartin: A Case of Dominoes?” Los Angeles Magazine, October 1989, www.byliner.com/read/mary-fischer/a-case-of-dominoes.