by Richard Beck
51. Kevin Cody, “The McMartin Tapes,” Easy Reader, November 13, 1986, 1.
52. Ibid., 14.
53. Ibid., 17.
54. Ibid., 18.
55. Kevin Cody, “The McMartin Tapes—Part II,” Easy Reader, November 20, 1986, 17.
56. Cody, “The McMartin Tapes.”
57. Cody, “The McMartin Tapes—Part II.”
58. Ibid., 20.
59. Ibid., 18.
60. Kevin, Cody, “The McMartin Tapes—Part III,” Easy Reader, November 27, 1986, 21.
61. Ibid., 23.
62. Ibid., 21.
63. Ibid., 13.
64. Ibid., 23.
65. Kevin Cody, “Truth About McMartin Witness’ Role May Have Been Lost with Her Death,” Easy Reader, December 25, 1986, 3.
Chapter 5
1. Berta Rodriguez, “Sex-Abuse Retrial to Start Monday,” El Paso Times, March 8, 1987, 1B.
2. Katha Pollitt, “Justice for Bernard Baran,” The Nation, February 21, 2000, www.thenation.com/article/justice-bernard-baran#.
3. Peter Carlson, “Divided by Multiple Charges of Child Abuse, a Minnesota Town Seethes with Anger,” People, October 22, 1984, www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20088952,00.html; Nadine Brozan, “Witness Says She Fears ‘Child Predator’ Network,” New York Times, September 18, 1984, www.nytimes.com/1984/09/18/us/witness-says-she-fears-child-predator-network.html.; Claudia Wallis, “The Child-Care Dilemma,” Time, June 22, 1987, 54–59.
4. Kenneth Lanning, interview with author, February 4, 2013.
5. Kenneth Lanning, interview with author, February 25, 2013.
6. Ibid.
7. “List of Participants,” Day Care Center and Satanic Cult Sexual Exploitation of Children 2/18–21/85, packet, copy in author’s possession.
8. “Handout: Search Warrants Probable Cause Example,” Inspector Seth Goldstein, District Attorney’s Ofc., 70 W. Hedding, West Wing, San Jose, CA 95110, copy in author’s possession.
9. Sandi Gallant, “Questionnaire,” 1985, copy in author’s possession.
10. Glenn E. Stevens, “Memorandum—Day Care Center and Satanic Cult/Sexual Exploitation of Children Seminar, February 18–21, 1985,” 8.
11. Ibid., 4–5.
12. Kenneth V. Lanning, “The ‘Witch Hunt,’ the ‘Backlash,’ and Professionalism,” in The APSAC Advisor 9, no. 4 (Winter 1996), www.nationalcac.org/professionals/images/stories/handouts2009/lanning,%20ken%20-%20witch%20hunt%20hand%2010.pdf.
13. David Healy, The Creation of Psychopharmacology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), 317.
14. Janice Haaken, Pillar of Salt: Gender, Memory, and the Perils of Looking Back (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1993), 77.
15. Joan Acocella, Creating Hysteria: Women and Multiple Personality Disorder (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1999), 112.
16. Debbie Nathan, Sybil Exposed (New York: Free Press, 2011), 212.
17. Richard P. Kluft and Catherine G. Fine, eds., Clinical Perspectives on Multiple Personality Disorder (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1993).
18. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1980), 257.
19. Ibid., 257.
20. Ibid., 258.
21. E. L. Bliss, “Multiple Personalities: A Report of 14 Cases with Implications for Schizophrenia and Hysteria,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 37 (1980): 1388–1397.
22. Ian Hacking, Re-Writing the Soul: Multiple Personality and the Sciences of Memory (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995), 39–40.
23. Jeffrey Masson, The Assault on Truth: Freud’s Suppression of the Seduction Theory (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1984).
24. Carol Tavris, “The 100-Year Cover Up: How Freud Betrayed Women,” Ms., March 1984.
25. Allen Esterson, “Jeffrey Masson and Freud’s Seduction Theory: A New Fable Based on Old Myths,” History of the Human Sciences 11, no. 1 (1998): 1–21, www.esterson.org/Masson_and_Freuds_seduction_theory .htm.
26. Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies on Hysteria, trans. James Strachey (New York: Basic Books, 2000), 280.
27. Ibid., 299.
28. Sigmund Freud, “Further Notes on the Neuro-Psychoses of Defense,” in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 3 (London: Vintage, 1962), 172–177.
29. Sigmund Freud, “The Aetiology of Hysteria,” in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 3 (London: Vintage, 1962), 204.
30. Hacking, Re-Writing the Soul, 83–84.
31. Nathan, Sybil Exposed, 216.
32. Tyson v. Tyson, 727 P.2d 226 (Washington, 1986).
33. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. revised (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987).
34. Ibid., 269.
35. Ibid., 271.
36. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1963), 1963.
37. Hacking, Re-Writing the Soul, 70.
38. Mike Warnke, with Dave Balsiger and Les Jones, The Satan Seller (Plainfield, NJ: Logos International, 1972).
39. Jon Trott and Mike Hertenstein, “Selling Satan: The Tragic History of Mike Warnke,” Cornerstone 98 (1992), http://web.archive.org/web/20110629063019/ http://www.cornerstonemag.com/features/iss098/sellingsatan.htm.
40. Michael Winerip, “Revisiting the ‘Crack Babies’ Epidemic That Was Not,” New York Times, May 20, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/05/20/booming/revisiting-the-crack-babies-epidemic-that-was-not.html.
41. Carolyn Bronstein, Battling Pornography: The American Feminist Anti-Pornography Movement, 1976–1986 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 320–321.
42. Catharine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin, eds., In Harm’s Way: The Pornography Civil Rights Hearings (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 40.
43. Ibid., 177.
44. Ibid., 338.
45. The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (New York: Bantam Books, 1970), 32, 29.
46. Final Report of the Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography (Nashville, TN: Rutledge Hill Press, 1986), li.
47. Ibid., 540–546.
48. Andrea Dworkin Audiotape collection, 1975–1999; New York (New York), Commission on Pornography testimony, January 22, 1986, T-323, tape 19, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
49. Ibid.
50. MacKinnon and Dworkin, In Harm’s Way, 384.
51. Final Report of the Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography, 134.
52. Ibid., 199–220.
53. Ibid., 214.
54. Ibid., 215.
55. Ibid., 77.
56. E. N. Padilla, “An Agrarian Reform Sugar Community in Puerto Rico,” PhD dissertation, Columbia University, 1951. Ethnographers and other observers have observed similar practices in Thailand, Cambodia, and among lower-class communities in mid-twentieth-century Japan.
57. Interview with Jason Cramer (pseud.), August 28, 1984, interviewers Laurie and Joseph Braga, transcribed by Laurie Alvarado on September 17, 1994, 14.
58. Ibid., 8.
59. W. L. Whittington et al., “Incorrect Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Infants and Children,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 7, no. 1 (1988): 3–10.
60. Sarah Alexander and Catherine Ison, “Evaluation of Commercial Kits for the Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae,” Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 9 (September 2005): 827–831.
61. M. J. Robinson and T. R. Oberhofer, “Identification of Pathogenic Neisseria Species with the RapID NH System,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 17, no. 3 (March 1983): 400–404.
62. Debbie Nathan and Michael R. Snedeker,
Satan’s Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt (New York: Basic Books, 1995), 194–195.
63. Jan Hollingsworth, Unspeakable Acts (New York and Chicago: Congdon and Weed, 1986), 434.
64. Ibid., 369.
65. Nathan and Snedeker, Satan’s Silence, 171.
66. Interview with Ileana Flores, “Did Daddy Do It?” Frontline, January 2001, transcript at www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/interviews/ileana.html.
67. Debbie Nathan, “Revisiting Country Walk,” Institute for Psychological Therapies Journal 5 (1993), www.ipt-forensics.com/journal/volume5/j5_1_1.htm.
68. Ibid.; The State of Florida vs. Ileana Fuster, Case No. 84-19728B, transcript, November 26, 1985, 60.
69. The State of Florida vs. Ileana Fuster, 61–62.
70. Interview with Ileana Flores, Frontline.
71. Ileana Flores, Deposition, Taken by Arthur Cohen, 1994, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/frank/94recant.html.
72. Nathan, “Revisiting Country Walk.”
73. Ileana Flores, Deposition, September 1985, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/frank/85depo.html.
Chapter 6
1. Kevin Cody, “Prosecutor Admits Negligence, Buckey Seeks Release,” Easy Reader, December 18, 1986, 4.
2. Ibid.
3. Lois Timnick, “Former McMartin Case Prosecutor Tells Court of Withholding Facts,” Los Angeles Times, January 21, 1987, OC 7. (Glenn Stevens was never charged.)
4. Lowell Bergman, producer, “The McMartin Preschool,” 60 Minutes, CBS, November 2, 1986.
5. Ibid.
6. Kevin Cody, “Buckey’s Lawyer Wants Trial Out of Los Angeles,” Easy Reader, February 5, 1987, 3, 15.
7. Kevin Cody, “Double Blow Hits Preschool Parents,” Easy Reader, February 5, 1987, 3, 23.
8. Eyewitness News, KABC-TV Los Angeles, CA, March 28, 1985.
9. Danny Davis, interview with author, September 19, 2012.
10. Kevin Cody, “A Rat in the Hall of Justice,” Easy Reader, March 19, 1987, 22.
11. Ibid., 23.
12. Jan Hollingsworth, Unspeakable Acts (New York and Chicago: Congdon and Weed, 1986).
13. Kevin Cody, “Public’s Denial of Child Sex Abuse Examined at Meeting,” Easy Reader, May 7, 1987, 3, 12–13, 15.
14. The People of the State of California vs. Raymond Buckey and Peggy McMartin Buckey, daily transcript, vol. 99, July 13, 1987, 14970.
15. Ibid., vol. 100, 15004.
16. Ibid., 15006.
17. Ibid., 15008–15009.
18. Ibid., 15012–15013.
19. Kevin Cody, “The Alleys of Justice,” Easy Reader, August 20, 1987, 1.
20. The People of the State of California vs. Raymond Buckey and Peggy McMartin Buckey, daily transcript, vol. 109, August 3, 1987, 16344.
21. Ibid., 16350–16351.
22. Ibid., 16369.
23. Paul Eberle and Shirley Eberle, The Abuse of Innocence: The McMartin Preschool Trial (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1993), 159.
24. Ibid., 48.
25. Ibid., 159.
26. The People of the State of California vs. Raymond Buckey and Peggy McMartin Buckey, daily transcript, vol. 110, August 4, 1987, 16525.
27. Eberle and Eberle, Abuse of Innocence, 68.
28. Gary Scharrer, “New Trial Possible for Dove,” El Paso Times, November 14, 1986, 4B.
29. Berta Rodriguez, “Group Helps Parents Cope with Alleged Molestations,” El Paso Times, November 3, 1985, 1A.
30. Pat Graves, “Dove Gets 20 Years,” El Paso Times, March 21, 1987, 2B.
31. Debbie Nathan, “The Making of a Modern Witch Trial,” Village Voice, September 19, 1987, reprinted in Debbie Nathan, Women and Other Aliens: Essays from the U.S.-Mexico Border (El Paso, TX: Cinco Puntos Press, 1991).
32. Gary Scharrer, “Social Worker in Molestation Trial Defends Method of Interviewing Boy,” El Paso Times, March 7, 1986, 1B.
33. Pat Graves, “Social Worker Is Challenged at Abuse Trial,” El Paso Times, March 17, 1987, 1A.
34. Ibid.
35. Nathan, “The Making of a Modern Witch Trial,” 141.
36. Gary Scharrer, “Tearful Testimony: Ex-YMCA Teacher Tells About Typical School Day,” El Paso Times, March 25, 1986, 2A.
37. Gary Scharrer, “‘The Verdict Speaks the Truth’: Parents Say They’re Satisfied,” El Paso Times, March 28, 1986, 2A.
38. Nathan, “The Making of a Modern Witch Trial,” 142.
39. Ibid.
40. Gary Scharrer, “Deliberations to Resume in Sex Abuse Trial,” El Paso Times, March 27, 1986, 8A.
41. Debbie Nathan, “Sex, the Devil, and Daycare,” Village Voice, September 19, 1987, reprinted in Debbie Nathan, Women and Other Aliens: Essays from the U.S.-Mexico Border (El Paso, TX: Cinco Puntos Press, 1991).
42. Ibid., 118.
43. Ibid., 119.
44. Gary Scharrer, “New Trial Possible for Dove,” El Paso Times, November 14, 1986, 4B.
45. VOCAL, “Statement Given to Press,” October 20, 1984, 1.
46. Paul Eberle and Shirley Eberle, The Politics of Child Abuse (Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart, 1986), 87–88.
47. Ibid., 102.
48. Mary Pride, The Child Abuse Industry: Outrageous Facts About Child Abuse & Everyday Rebellions Against a System That Threatens Every North American Family (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1986), vii.
49. Ibid., 31.
50. Brett Drake et al., “Racial Bias in Child Protection? A Comparison of Competing Explanations Using National Data,” Pediatrics 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 471–478.
51. Pride, The Child Abuse Industry, 143.
52. Ibid., 35.
53. Ibid., 115.
54. Debbie Nathan, “Victimizer or Victim: Was Kelly Michaels Unjustly Convicted?” Village Voice, August 2, 1988, 33.
55. Jack Jones, “McMartin Trial Witness Held,” Los Angeles Times, October 10, 1987, A4.
56. The People of the State of California vs. Raymond Buckey and Peggy McMartin Buckey, daily transcript, vol. 137, October 9, 1987, 20145.
57. Ibid., 20343–20345.
58. Kevin Cody, “Jurors Not Happy to Hear Trial Going on for a Year,” Easy Reader, August 11, 1988, 5.
59. Kevin Cody, “Virginia McMartin Takes the Stand,” Easy Reader, September 10, 1987, 3.
60. Bob Williams, “For Others, Time Eases the Memories,” Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1988, F1.
61. Bob Williams, “Picking Up the Pieces: A Freed Ex-McMartin Pre-School Teacher Still Haunted by Her Family’s Shattered Life,” Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1988, F1.
62. Kevin Cody, “The ‘Mini-Trial’ of Peggy Ann Buckey,” Easy Reader, January 5, 1989, 12.
63. “Peggy Ann Buckey to Resume Teaching,” Los Angeles Times, February 16, 1989, A4.
64. Kevin Cody, “Peggy Ann Buckey Climbs Back,” Los Angeles Times, January 5, 1989, 25.
65. Bob Williams, “McMartin Fallout Eases; Preschools Again at Capacity,” Los Angeles Times, May 1, 1988, R4.
66. James Rainey, “Molestations of 2 More Day-Care Infants Alleged,” Los Angeles Times, December 2, 1988, SB8.
67. Williams, “McMartin Fallout Eases.”
68. Bob Williams, “McMartin Case Cast Wide, Dark Shadow: Charges, Suspicion Resulted in 7 Area Preschools Closing,” Los Angeles Times, May 1, 1988, R7.
69. Williams, “McMartin Fallout Eases.”
70. Nielson Himmel, “Buckey Freed on $1.5-Million Bail After 5 Years in Jail,” Los Angeles Times, February 16, 1989, 3.
Chapter 7
1. Geraldo—Devil Worship: Exposing Satan’s Underground, NBC, Paramount television broadcast, October 22, 1988.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Geraldo Rivera—McMartin Special, NBC, Paramount television broadcast, January 29, 1990.
6. Ibid.
7. The culmination of this work is Stephen J. Ceci and Maggie Bruck, Jeopardy in the Courtroom: A Scientific Analysis of Children’s Testimony (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1999).
8. Ellen Willis, No More Nice Girls: Countercultural Essays (Hanover, NH: Wesleyan, 1992), 219.
9. Robert O. Self, All in the Family: The Realignment of American Democracy Since the 1960s (New York: Hill and Wang, 2012), 328.
10. Arnold Friedman, “My Story,” in Conviction Integrity Review: People v. Jesse Friedman, June 2013, Appendix, 538–552, www.nassaucountyny.gov/agencies/DA/NewsReleases/2013/062413friedman.html.
11. Andrew Jarecki, director, Capturing the Friedmans, HBO Video, 2004.
12. Search Warrant Inventory, Inspector J. McDermott, November 3, 1987, 1.
13. “Victim Questionnaire,” in Conviction Integrity Review: People v. Jesse Friedman, June 2013, Appendix, 287.
14. Jarecki, Capturing the Friedmans.
15. Debbie Nathan, “Complex Persecution,” Village Voice, May 20, 2003, www.villagevoice.com/2003-05-20/news/complex-persecution/full.
16. Jarecki, Capturing the Friedmans.
17. Ibid.
18. Conviction Integrity Review: People v. Jesse Friedman, June 2013, 18.
19. Friedman, “My Story,” 539.
20. Nathan, “Complex Persecution.”
21. David Friedman, Western Union Mailgram to Arnold Friedman, April 5, 1988, in Conviction Integrity Review: People v. Jesse Friedman, June 2013, Appendix, 433.
22. Friedman v. Rehal, 618 F.3d 142 (2nd Cir. 2010), 149.
23. Jarecki, Capturing the Friedmans.
24. Geraldo—Busting the Kiddy Porn Underground, NBC, Paramount television broadcast, February 23, 1989.
25. Jarecki, Capturing the Friedmans.
26. Garnett D. Horner, “Interview with Richard M. Nixon,” Washington Star-News, November 9, 1972, 1.
27. Lawrence Wright, Remembering Satan (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), 12–13.
28. Ibid., 16.
29. Ibid., 17.
30. Ibid., 99.
31. Ethan Watters, “The Devil in Mr. Ingram,” Mother Jones 16, no. 4, 30–68.
32. Wright, Remembering Satan, 196.