The White War

by Mark Thompson

  Frugoni, General Pietro, 1, 2

  Futurism, Futurist, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Gadda, Carlo Emilio, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Garibaldi, Giuseppe: aims, 1; on borders, 1, 2;

  campaigns, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ;

  death, 1;

  family, 1, 2;

  forces, 1;

  influence, 1, 2;

  monument, 1;

  redshirts, 1, 2;

  Venice policy, 1;

  on War of 1866, 1

  Garibaldi, Peppino, 1

  Garibaldi family, 1, 2

  Garioni, General Vincenzo, 1

  Gatti, Colonel Angelo: on Aosta, 1 ; on Austrian strategy, 1;

  on Cadorna, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  diary, 1;

  on Diaz, 1;

  history censored, 1;

  journalism, 1, 2;

  on morale, 1 ;

  predictions for 1915, 1;

  predictions for course of war, 1;

  Supreme Command post, 1

  Gemelli, Father Agostino, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Genoa Brigade, 1, 2

  Giardino, General Gaetano, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Giolitti, Giovanni: Albertini’s opposition, 1; Cadorna relationship, 1;

  D’Annunzio relationship, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  followers, 1, 2, 3;

  governments, 1, 2, 3;

  Libyan campaign, 1;

  resignation, 1;

  successor, 1, 2;

  vitalism, 1;

  war policy, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Yugoslav policy, 1, 2

  Gladden, Private Norman, 1

  Gobetti, Piero, 1

  Goiginger, General Ludwig, 1, 2

  Gorizia: Austrian HQ (1866), 1, 2; Austrian offer, 1, 2n;

  Austrian regional capital, 1;

  city, 1 ;

  defences, 1, 2, 3;

  evacuation issue, 1;

  Isonzo Sixth Battle, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Italian advance, 1, 2;

  Italian assaults, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6n;

  Italian capture, 1n, 2n, 3n, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;

  Italian claims, 1, 2, 3;

  Italian command, 1;

  Italian delay, 1;

  Italian entry, 1n;

  Italian forces, 1, 2;

  Italian losses, 1n, 2;

  Italian position, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  Italian recapture, 1;

  Italian retreat, 1;

  Italian strategy (1866), 1 ;

  Italian strategy (1915 ), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10;

  landscape, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  map of sector, 1;

  population, 1, 2, 3;

  refugees, 1;

  religion, 1;

  Treaty of London, 1

  Govoni, Corrado, 1

  Gramsci, Antonio, 1

  Granturco, Luigi, 1

  Grappa, Mount, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Graziani, General Andrea, 1

  Gregorčič, Simon, 1

  Grenfell, Julian, 1

  Grey, Sir Edward, 1, 2

  Guerrini, Irene, 1

  Haig, General Douglas: bulletins, 1n; deserters policy, 1;

  forces in Italy, 1;

  frontal infantry offensive, 1;

  Nivelle relationship, 1;

  press relations, 1;

  view of Italians, 1;

  Western Front, 1

  Hemingway, Ernest, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Henry, Lieutenant Frederic, 1

  Hermada, Mount: Austrian counterattack, 1; Austrian defences, 1, 2, 3;

  Italian advance, 1, 2;

  Italian losses, 1;

  Italian strategy, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  landscape, 1, 2

  Hill 28, 1, 2

  Hill 85, 1

  Hill 121, 1, 2, 3

  Hill 124, 1, 2

  Hill 142, 1

  Hill 144, 1

  Hill 383, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Hill 464, 1

  Hill 1114, 1

  Hill 1356, 1

  Hindenburg, Field Marshal Paul von, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Hitler, Adolf, 1, 2, 3

  House, Edward, 1, 2, 3

  humanism, 1, 2

  Idea Nazionale, 1

  intervention, interventionist, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25

  Intra Brigade, 1

  irredentism, irredentist, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

  Isnenghi, Mario, 1

  Isonzo, Battles of: First Battle, 1, 2, 3;

  Second Battle, 1, 2, 3;

  Third Battle, 1, 2;

  Fourth Battle, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  Fifth Battle, 1, 2, 3;

  Sixth Battle, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  Seventh Battle, 1 ;

  Eighth Battle, 1, 2;

  Ninth Battle, 1, 2, 3;

  Tenth Battle, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

  Eleventh Battle, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  Twelfth Battle, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

  see also Caporetto

  Isonzo, River: Austrian defences, 1, 2, 3, 4; Austrian forces, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  Austrian losses, 1;

  Austrian occupation, 1;

  Austrian offer, 1;

  border demarcation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  bridges, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ;

  campaigns, 1, 2;

  D’Annunzio’s speech, 1;

  evacuations, 1, 2;

  German forces, 1;

  Italian crossing, 1;

  Italian defences, 1;

  Italian demands, 1, 2;

  Italian forces, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Italian loss after WWII, 1;

  Italian offensives, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Italian positions, 1, 2, 3;

  Italian retreat, 1 ;

  Italian strategy, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  landscape, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;

  massacre, 1;

  mouth, 1, 2;

  population, 1;

  rail communications, 1;

  recreational use of river, 1;

  Ungaretti’s poetry, 1, 2, 3;

  War of 1866, 1, 2

  Istria: Austrian defences, 1;

  cost to Italy, 1;

  D’Annunzio’s stance, 1, 2;

  Italian demands, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ;

  Italian landings, 1;

  Italian loss after WWII, 1;

  Italian population, 1;

  Italian war aim, 1;

  Lloyd George’s view, 1;

  Mazzini’s view, 1;

  Rapallo Treaty, 1;

  size, 1n;

  Treaty of London, 1;

  troops, 1;

  Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1, 2

  Jacini, Stefano, 1

  Jahier, Piero, 1

  James, Henry, 1 Joffre, General Joseph: appeals, 1, 2n;

  Cadorna relationship, 1, 2, 3;

  frontal infantry offensive, 1;

  inter-Allied conference, 1;

  replacement, 1;

  visit, 1;

  Western Front, 1

  Johnson, Samuel, 1

  Josef von Habsburg, Archduke, 1

  Joyce, James, 1, 2, 3, 4n, 5n

  journalism, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Kaldor, Mary, 1

  Karl, Emperor of Austria: accession, 1; armistice negotiations, 1, 2, 3;

  constitutional government, 1;

  forces, 1;

  German relations, 1, 2, 3;

  Isonzo strategy, 1, 2;

  peace initiative, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  Piave strategy, 1, 2;

  Pivko encounter, 1;

  two-pronged attack, 1, 2;

  Wilson negotiations, 1

  Kipling, Rudyard, 1, 2

  Kitchener, Herbert, Lord, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Krafft von Dellmensingen, General Konrad, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Krauss, General Alfred, 1, 2

  Krauss Corps, 1, 2, 3

  Krleža, Miroslav, 1n

  Krn, Mount: attack on, 1; front, 1;

  height, 1n;

  Italian capture, 1, 2, 3;

  Italian control, 1;
r />   Italian morale, 1;

  Krn–Mrzli sector, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  peak, 1, 2;

  ridges, 1, 2

  Kuk, Mount, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  La Marmora, General Alfonso, 1, 2

  Lazio Brigade, 1

  Leghissa, Giuseppe, 1

  Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 1, 2

  Leopardi, Giacomo, 1, 2

  Levi, Carlo, 1

  liberal, liberalism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33n

  Libya: Capello’s reputation, 1; Italian attack, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Italian campaign, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  Italian forces, 1;

  Italian losses, 1;

  Italian occupation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Lippmann, Walter, 1

  Livenza, River, 1, 2

  Lloyd George, David: Austrian peace initiative, 1 ; demands Cadorna’s dismissal, 1;

  Paris peace conference, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  prime minister, 1, 2;

  response to Monte Santo, 1;

  Rome conference, 1 ;

  speech on war aims, 1;

  view of Italians, 1, 2n;

  war strategy, 1

  Locchi, Vittorio, 1

  London, Treaty of (1915): armistice terms, 1 ; British stance, 1n, 2, 3, 4;

  Fiume issue, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Italian demands, 1, 2, 3;

  Italian opinions, 1;

  Italy’s violation of terms, 1n;

  King’s opinion, 1;

  Paris ‘Big Four’ meeting, 1;

  reaffirmed, 1;

  revision suggestion, 1;

  secrecy, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  signing, 1, 2;

  Sonnino’s insistence on, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  terms, 1, 2n, 3, 4, 5 ;

  terms leaked, 1;

  Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1, 2, 3;

  Wilson’s stance, 1, 2;

  Yugoslav position, 1

  Longo, Giorgio, 1

  Ludendorff, General Erich: Austro-German offensive, 1, 2, 3, 4 ; Habsburg troops, 1;

  peace terms, 1;

  spring offensives (1918), 1, 2

  Lussu, Emilio, 1, 2

  Machiavelli, Niccolò, 1, 2, 3

  Malaparte, Curzio, 1, 2n

  Mambretti, General Ettore, 1

  Marazzi, General Fortunato, 1, 2

  Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso, 1, 2, 3

  Maroičić, General Joseph, 1

  Martini, Fausto Maria, 1

  Mašera, Andrej, 1

  Mazzini, Giuseppe, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Medici, General, 1, 2, 3

  Medves, Katerina, 1, 2

  Menelik, Emperor, 1

  Messina Brigade, 1

  Metternich, Prince von, 1

  Mian, Leonardo, 1

  Mincio, River, 1, 2, 3

  Minozzi, Father Giovanni, 1

  Modena Brigade, 1

  Moltke, Field Marshal Helmuth von, 1, 2, 3

  Monelli, Paolo, 1, 2

  Monfalcone: Austrian advance, 1;

  evacuation issue, 1;

  farmland, 1n;

  Italian capture, 1 ;

  Italian losses, 1;

  Italian position, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  landscape, 1, 2;

  sector, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

  Third Army advance, 1, 2, 3

  Monicelli, Mario, 1

  Montale, Eugenio, 1

  Montello, the, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Montuori, General Luca, 1

  Morrone, General Paolo, 1, 2

  Mrzli, Mount: Austrian advance, 1;

  Austrian defences, 1, 2;

  Big Trench, 1, 2, 3;

  cemetery, 1;

  Italian assaults, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

  Italian losses, 1;

  Italian position, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Krn–Mrzli sector, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  landscape, 1;

  memorial to Yugoslav partisans, 1

  Musil, Robert, 1

  Mussolini, Benito: accession, 1, 2;

  appearance, 1;

  on Cadorna, 1;

  character, 1 ;

  Corridoni’s influence, 1;

  cult, 1 ;

  D’Annunzio relationship, 1;

  intervention policy, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  on Isonzo river, 1, 2;

  journalism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  march on Rome, 1;

  military cemeteries, 1;

  regime, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;

  rise, 1;

  on Slovenes, 1 ;

  socialism, 1, 2, 3;

  territorial settlement policy, 1;

  on Triestine volunteers, 1;

  Ungaretti relationship, 1;

  on war, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Napoleon Bonaparte, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Nation, The, 1

  nationalism, nationalist, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7n, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

  Nava, General, 1, 2n

  Negrotto, Lieutenant Colonel, 1

  neutralism, neutrality, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

  New Order, 1

  Nicholas II, Tsar, 1, 2

  Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Nitti, Francesco, 1, 2

  Nivelle, General Robert, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Northcliffe, Lord, 1, 2, 3

  Novara Lancers, 1

  Oberdan, Guglielmo, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Oblath, Elody, 1, 2

  O’Brien, Paul, 1

  Ojetti, Lieutenant Ugo, 1n, 2, 3

  Orelli, Carlo, 1, 2

  Orlando, Vittorio: arms production, 1;

  Austrian occupied territories policy, 1;

  Cadorna relationship, 1, 2, 3;

  censorship, 1;

  character, 1, 2;

  defeatism measures, 1;

  fall, 1;

  Fiume issue, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

  lampooned by Fascist historians, 1;

  minister of interior, 1, 2 ;

  morale issues, 1 ;

  Paris peace conference, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  Piave offensive, 1, 2;

  prime minister, 1;

  Slav policy, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  territorial demands, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  US aid, 1;

  on Vittorio Veneto victory, 1

  Ortigara, 1, 2

  Ortis, Silvio, 1

  Owen, Wilfred, 1, 2, 3

  Palmanova, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Panzini, Alfredo, 1n, 2

  Papadopoli islands, 1

  Papini, Giovanni, 1, 2

  Pardi, Private Antonio, 1

  Parri, Ferruccio, 1

  Pavia Brigade, 1

  Persano, Admiral, 1

  Perugia Brigade, 1, 2

  Pétain, General Philippe, 1

  Petitti, General Agostino, 1, 2

  Petitti di Roreto, General Carlo, 1

  Piave, River: Allied positions, 1, 2;

  Austrian morale, 1;

  Austrian occupation, 1 ;

  Austrian offensive, 1 ;

  Austrian strategy, 1, 2;

  Italian position, 1, 2, 3;

  Italian strategy, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ;

  landscape, 1, 2, 3;

  malaria, 1, 2;

  refugees, 1 ;

  Solstice Battle, 1 ;

  Vittorio Veneto Battle, 1

  Picco, Alberto, 1

  Pieri, Piero, 1, 2

  Pisa Brigade, 1, 2

  Pistoia Brigade, 1

  Pius IX, Pope, 1

  Pivko, Dr Ljudevit, 1

  Plava: Italian capture, 1;

  Italian losses, 1;

  Italian position, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  Italian strategy, 1, 2

  Pluviano, Marco, 1

  Podgora hill: gas proposal, 1n;

  Italian assaults, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;

  Italian capture, 1 ;

  Italian losses, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  strategic importance, 1

  Pollio, General Alb
erto, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Ponton brothers, 1

  Popolod’Italia, Il, 1, 2, 3

  Porro, General Carlo, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Prezzolini, Giuseppe, 1, 2

  Prister, Marco, 1

  Procacci, Giovanna, 1, 2

  propaganda, 1, 2, 3n, 4, 5n, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37

  Proust, Marcel, 1

  Puccini, Mario, 1

  Puglie Brigade, 1

  Pulitzer, Anna (‘Gioietta’), 1, 2, 3

  Punishment Expedition, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Randaccio, Major, 1, 2, 3

  Rapallo, Treaty of, 1

  Rasch, Captain von, 1

  Ravenna Brigade, 1

  Rebora, Clemente, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Rechberg, Count, 1

  Red Cross: ambulances, 1; American, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  British, 1, 2;

  help for Italian PoWs, 1;

  help for refugees, 1

  Redipuglia, cemetery, 1, 2, 3

  Reggio Brigade, 1

  Regina Brigade, 1

  Reisoli, General, 1

  Ribot, Alexandre, 1

  Ricasoli, Baron, 1

  Righetti, Corporal Valentino, 1

  Risorgimento, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Robertson, General William: influence, 1; on Isonzo front, 1;

  Italian strategy, 1, 2, 3;

  Rome conference, 1 ;

  on Trentino threat, 1;

  view of Italian defences, 1;

  view of Lloyd George, 1, 2

  Rocca, the, 1, 2, 3

  Rochat, Giorgio, 1

  Rodd, Sir Rennell, 1, 2, 3

  Rohr, General Franz, 1, 2

  Rombon, Mount: Austrian advance, 1; Austrian defences, 1, 2, 3;

  Italian assaults, 1, 2;

  Italian position, 1, 2;

  landscape, 1, 2;

  strategic value, 1

  Rommel, Erwin, 1, 2, 3

  Rossi, Captain, 1

  Rossi, Francesco, 1

  Roth, Joseph, 1

  Russolo, Luigi, 1

  Saba, Umberto, 1

  Sabotino, Mount: Austrian forces, 1; border after WWII, 1;

  Italian advance, 1, 2;

  Italian artillery, 1, 2;

  Italian assaults, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;