November of the Soul
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Nuland, Sherwin, 417, 544n, 576n
numbers, Pythagorean theory of, 145
numbing, psychic, 490
nurses:
in elder care, 362
euthanasia performed by, 384
suicide rates of, 251
nursing homes, 362–63, 398, 437
NuTech (New Technology in Self-Deliverance Group), 409–10
NYSPI (New York State Psychiatric Institute), 191–94
Oates, Lawrence, 186
obitiatry, 377
Observations made upon the Bills of Mortality (Graunt), 182–83
Odin, 134
Officer and a Gentleman, An, 88
Okin, Robert, 334
Old Believers, 84
Oldham (bishop), 553n
Oldham, Joyce, 512, 513
Old Order Amish, 198
Old Testament, 151–52, 267, 472
Omaha Indians, 132
Omega, 522
On Death and Dying (Kübler-Ross), 488
“On Suicide” (Hume), 169–70
Oppenheim, David, 85–86, 347
“Oration on the Dignity of Man” (Pico della Mirandola), 158–59
orbital prefrontal cortex, 193
Oregon:
right-to-die legislation in, 3, 4, 385–89, 405, 419, 420, 426–31, 433–34, 441, 442, 572n–73n, 576n
suicide rate of, 247
Oregon Health Plan, 434
Oregon Hospice Association, 429
Osbourne, Ozzy, 86, 88
Ostow, Mortimer, 237
Othello (Shakespeare), 160
Otto, Emperor, 175
oyako shinju (parent-child suicide), 140, 225, 546n
Pachomius, 547n
Padlayat, Adamie, 261
Padmapurana, 136
Paetus, Caecina, 150
Paharis, 132
pain:
anticipation of, 423, 428, 440, 446
endurance of, 365
as justification for euthanasia, 365
psychic, 228–32, 490
spiritual value of, 154, 171, 172, 416
Paine, Thomas, 87
pain management, 406
anesthesia used in, 366, 416, 574n
inadequate, 362, 424, 440
in Netherlands, 424, 426, 441–42
in nursing homes, 362
recent advances in, 440
terminal sedation vs., 366, 374
Palestinian suicide terrorists, 186
palliative care, 424, 426, 428–29, 433, 440–42, 576n
Pangrazzi, Arnaldo, 492–93
Pantites, 145
paradoxical technique, 327–28
parent, loss of, 43–44
parent-child suicide (oyako shinju), 140, 225, 546n
parents:
child-rearing styles of, 52, 98, 245
infant bonding with, 46–47
single, 253
of suicide, 125, 491, 517–21, 532
suicide of, 44, 197–98, 472, 495–96, 497–501
Parish of All Strangers, 291, 292
Parker, Dorothy, 399
Parker, Ellen (fictitious name), 271
passive euthanasia, 369–75, 570n
Pat (crisis hotline volunteer), 281–83, 284–85, 289–90
paternalism, 370, 417, 436
“Patient Monitoring of Suicidal Risk,” 315
Patient Self-Determination Act (1991), 371
patient’s rights:
on end-of-life care, 370, 371–72
in psychiatric treatment, 332, 352, 354–55
Paul, Saint, 292
Pavese, Cesare, 221, 228, 555n
Paxil, 319, 321
Peaceful Pill, 410
Peck, Michael, 50, 52, 313
Pelagia, Saint, 548n
Pellechi, Jimmy, 37, 48, 83
Penn, William, 579n
People’s Temple, 84–85, 567n
Pepper, Stephen, 303
Peregrinus Proteus, 151, 163
Péricles, 241
Permission to Destroy Life Unworthy of Life, The (Hoche and Binding), 367
Persian Letters (Montesquieu), 167
persistent vegetative state, 370, 372, 375, 416
Petrarch, 159
Petronius (Arbiter), 150–51
Pfeffer, Cynthia, 44
Phaedo (Plato), 145–46, 148, 154
Phelps, Edward Bunnell, 89
Philip II, King of Macedon, 83–84, 145
Phillips, David, 89–90, 91, 542n, 543n
Phillips, Edward, 268
philosophy:
classical, 145–47, 149, 151, 365
of Enlightenment, 167–72
phrenology, 178
physical handicaps, euthanasia and, 367, 421, 435–36, 577n
Physician-Assisted Dying (Quill and Battin), 442
physicians:
classical guidelines for, 365–66, 368
death anxieties of, 441
euthanasia opposition of, 388, 416–17, 428
geriatric cases of, 438–39
long-term patient relationships with, 374–75, 384–85, 426, 428, 576n
malpractice lawsuits against, 329, 332, 353, 368, 371, 571n
nonabandonment principle of, 384–85
pain management education of, 440, 441–42
passive euthanasia practices of, 374–75
paternalism of, 370, 417, 425
prolongation vs. quality-of-life decisions of, 368, 369, 370, 441, 570n
suicidal patients disparaged by, 96, 97, 292, 298, 544n
suicides completed by, 223–24, 235, 251, 327
suicidology training of, 316, 326–27, 331–32, 566n
voluntary euthanasia assisted by, 366, 375, 376–91, 423–31, 441–42, 450, 571n–72n, 576n–77n
see also psychiatrists
Physicians for Compassionate Care, 417, 434
Piccione, Joseph, 420
Pico della Mirandola, 158–59
Piero delle Vigne, 157
Pinel, Philippe, 180, 334, 550n
Pisa, Leaning Tower at, 342
Place Vendôme, 342
plague, 84, 182
Plano, Texas, teenage suicides in, 11, 39, 80, 81–82, 83, 92
plastic bags, asphyxiation deaths with, 399, 400, 401, 402, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412
Plath, Sylvia, 11, 229
Plato, 145–46, 148, 154, 156, 365
Pliny (the Elder), 149, 365
Pliny (the Younger), 149
plunge baths, 179, 180
Plutarch, 85, 148
pneumonia, 367–68, 374
Poitier, Sidney, 305
Pokorny, Alex, 249, 316
police:
provocation of fatal shootings by, 254, 275
suicides of, 235, 250
political prisoners, 560n
political protest, 235
political suicide, 276
Pollatsek, Judy, 48
Pope, Alexander, 166
Porter, Lora, 21–22, 26, 122–23, 126
“Portrait, The” (Kunitz), 494
Portwood, Doris, 395, 434, 443
postpartum depression, 225
posttraumatic slavery syndrome, 255
potassium chloride, 377, 378, 379, 382
Poussaint, Alvin, 254–55, 257
poverty, 166–67, 249, 257, 438
Powell, Douglas, 42, 80, 312
powerful public figures, suicides of, 222–23
Praise of Folly, The (Erasmus), 159
prefrontal cortex, 193
prefrontal lobotomies, 194, 251
Press, Bill (father), 361–64
Press, Billie (daughter), 361, 362, 363–64
Preston, Thomas, 375
presuicidal syndrome, 229, 230
Preventing Teenage Suicide (Steele), 116–17
primary care physicians, 331–32, 566n
see also physicians
primitive tribal cultures, 131–36, 364, 365, 431
Prinze, Freddie, 241
prisons:<
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medical experimentation on death-row inmates of, 377, 383
mental illness in, 335
political dissidents murdered in, 560n
problem-solving skills, 53
profession, suicide risk vs., 235, 236, 250–51
Protestantism, 185, 186, 246
Prozac (fluoxetine), 3, 319, 321, 322–23
Prudhomme, Charles, 256
pseudocide, 276
psychiatric disorders:
bipolar disorder, 41, 42, 64, 229, 272, 318, 319–20, 323, 353, 492, 541n
borderline personality disorder, 41, 323, 351
depression, see depression
schizophrenia, 272, 318, 319, 330,.431
suicidality vs., 41, 119, 173, 178–82, 202, 221, 318, 355, 550n
see also mental illness
psychiatric hospitalization, 332–37
civil liberties restrictions on, 332, 354–55
deinstitutionalization process and, 334–35
discharges from, 64–65, 106, 334
insurance coverage of, 71, 334
involuntary commitment to, 352, 354–55
medications administered in, 63, 319
modernization of, 180
psychotherapy received with, 103, 106–8, 333–34, 484
of suicidal adolescents, 63–65, 71–72, 103–4, 105–10
suicides during, 332, 333
psychiatrists:
emotional challenges experienced by, 328, 329–30, 331
euthanasia candidates evaluated by, 425–26, 429, 430, 576n
inappropriate techniques of, 327–29
palliative care by, 441
patient suicides and, 328–30
suicides completed by, 223–24, 251, 327
suicidology education of, 297, 326–27
psychic numbing, 490
psychoanalysis, 323
psychoanalytic theory, 188–90, 205, 236–37
psychodynamic formulation, 324–26
psychological autopsies, 302, 468
Psychopathology of Everyday Life, The (Freud), 189, 269–70
psychopharmacology:
antidepressants, 3, 57, 143, 192, 195, 318, 319–23, 331, 439, 539n, 564n
other treatment modalities vs., 318, 322–23, 326, 334, 439
psychotherapy, 180, 322–26
for elder patients, 439
in groups, 107–8, 324, 333, 484
in hospital setting, 103, 106–8, 333–34, 484
misjudgments in, 327–28
psychodynamic formulation in, 324–26
psychopharmacology vs., 318, 322–23, 334, 439
religious counseling vs., 336–38
for surviving family members, 472–73, 494, 507, 528–29
varieties of, 323–26
Pufendorf, Samuel von, 163
Punic Wars, 151
Puritans, 165
“Putter-to-Sleep, The” (Maupassant), 443–44
Pythagoreans, 145, 146
quality of life, 364, 368–69, 450
Quill, Timothy, 384–85, 389, 442, 572n
Quinlan, Karen Ann, 369–70, 371, 372, 373, 374, 571n
Rachels, James, 415
racial discrimination, stresses of, 251–58, 557n
racial integration, 256
racial pride, 257
Rationalists, 167, 169–70, 171, 172, 174
rational suicides, 2, 146–50, 354, 357, 417–18, 419
Ray of Hope, 533
Reagan, Nancy, 115
Reasons for Living scale, 314
recovery guilt, 532
Reed, Nicholas, 400, 403, 404
Reflections on Suicide (Staël), 172
regression, 519
Rehkugel, Robert, 294–95
Reich, Warren, 368
Reil, Johann, 180
Religio Medici (Browne), 268
religious beliefs, 201–2
of African Americans, 256
on afterlife, 130, 131, 132–33, 134, 135, 137, 152, 154, 226
Buddhism, 135, 137, 142, 235, 323, 397
collective suicides inspired by, 84
on euthanasia, 370, 414–15, 416, 425
of ghosts of suicides, 131–33, 134, 144, 155, 467
Hinduism, 136, 186, 365, 414
on homosexuality, 266
on life-support technology, 415
martyrdom undergone for, 1, 152–54, 155, 275, 547n, 548n
on murder prohibitions, 414–15
social community vs., 186
of Vikings, 134
see also Christianity; Jewish law; Jews
religious community, psychological counseling in, 336–38
Renaissance, 158–74, 366
Enlightenment philosophy and, 167–72, 174
punishments for suicides in, 164–65, 167
suicidal psychology explored in, 160–64
Resnik, Harvey, 307, 473
respirators, 369–70, 371, 571n
resuscitation, 368, 372, 374, 442, 451
Rethinking Life and Death (Singer), 375
retirement, 437, 438, 439
revenge suicide, 133–34, 153, 224–25, 239
reverse psychology, 327–28
Reynolds, David, 333
Rhapsodies on the Application of Psychic Therapy Methods to Mental Disturbances (Reil), 180
right to die, 3–4
AIDS patients and, 264
of elderly ill, 363–64
English activism on, 366–67, 393, 400–401, 403–4
French movement on, 402–3
legal rulings on, 369–70, 371, 372–74, 382, 383, 571n
life with dignity vs., 443
opponents of, 413–37, 444–45
organizational support of, 386, 393–413, 436, 573n
suicide prevention ethics vs., 352–57
see also euthanasia
Right to Die, The (Humphry and Wickett), 422
Rimbaud, Arthur, 276
Ringel, Erwin, 227, 229, 562n
Risk-Rescue Rating, 314
Rivers, Joan, 474
Roberts, Frank, 375, 376
Robinson, Edwin Arlington, 209
Robinson, Henry Morton, 545n
rock music, 86, 88, 242–43
Rofes, Eric, 261, 262
Roger of Wendover, 84
Rogers, Carl, 287
rollback, 320
Rollin, Betty, 375
Roman, Jo, 444
Roman civilization, 131, 148–51, 154, 156, 173, 186, 233, 291, 550n
Romantic movement, 87, 174–76
Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 116, 160–61, 562n
Roscoe, John, 131–32
Rosen, David, 344, 345
Rosenberg, Mark, 38
Ross, Betsy, 533
Ross, Charlotte, 115
Rossi, Rick, 512, 533
Rossi, Tom, 512, 514, 525, 532, 533
rotary chair, 180
Rounsaville, Bruce, 80
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 167–68
Rowley (physician), 181
Roy, Alec, 198–99
Royal Dutch Medical Association, 390
Royal Humane Society, 561n
Rubinstein, Arthur, 353
Ruggiero, Christopher, 82–83
Russell, Bertrand, 353
Russia:
religious suicides in, 84
suicide rates in, 246
Russian roulette, 87–88, 274
Ryerson, Diane, 95, 119, 120
Sackett, Walter, 436
sacrificial suicides, 134–36, 186–87
Sadger, Isidor, 188
SAD PERSONS scale, 315
Safe Place, 512–17, 522–23, 524–26, 527, 529
Sainsbury, Peter, 249
St. John-Stevas, Norman, 416
St. Peter’s Basilica, 341, 342
Saito, Yukio, 143
Salk, Lee, 47
Saltzman, Peter, 97
Salvation Army, 293
Samaritans, 294, 302, 307, 310, 401, 515, 521,
522–23
Samson (biblical figure), 152
samurai code, 137–38, 140, 141, 235, 268, 545n
San Diego, Calif., high suicide rate of, 249
Sandinistas, suicide reports censored by, 246–47
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, 344–45
San Francisco Suicide Prevention, 309–10
San Mateo County, Calif., adolescent suicide cluster in, 114–15
Satcher, David, 310
Saul (biblical figure), 151, 267
Saunders, Cicely, 421, 441
Savage God, The (Alvarez), 49, 161, 230, 234
Scandinavian culture, 131, 134, 244–45
scapegoats, 492
Schatzberg, Alan, 335
Scheinin, Anne-Grace, 229
Schiavo, Michael, 372, 373
Schiavo, Theresa Marie, 4, 372–74, 416, 435
Schindler, Mary, 372–73
Schindler, Robert, 372–73
schizophrenia, 41, 272, 318, 319, 330
Schonberg, Kenneth, 35, 36, 92
Schonheyde, Dr., 179
Schreber, Dr. (Freudian case history), 189
Schur, Max, 389
Schweitzer, Albert, 415
Scott, Richard, 395
Scott, Robert Falcon, 186
Scythians, suicide practices of, 135, 431
seclusion rooms, 338
Seconal, 386, 393, 419
Second Treatise on Government (Locke), 171–72
Seiden, Richard, 257, 344–45, 346, 420, 437
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 3, 142–43, 192, 319, 320–23, 331
self-defense, killing in, 415
Self-Destruction in the Promised Land (Kushner), 248
self-destructive behaviors:
of adolescents, 45–46, 83
of autoerotic asphyxiation, 83
of children, 539n
extreme recreational risk as, 274–75, 560n
homosexuality seen as, 261–62, 558n
range of, 205
Russian roulette, 274
of self-mutilation, 259, 271
of substance abuse, 41, 46, 48, 62, 73–74, 93, 99–100, 101, 103–5, 106, 263, 271–73
suicide vs., 268–78
as survival technique, 270–71
withdrawal as, 276–77, 278
self-esteem, 43, 46, 47, 260
self-image, damage to, 223–24
self-mutilation, 259, 271
Selzer, Melvin, 274
Senate, U.S., on Schiavo case, 373
Seneca, 149–50, 365, 416, 581n
separation, 46–47
seppuku, 137–39, 141, 142, 186
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of, 1–2, 268
Seress, Reszo, 87
serotonin, 40, 47–48, 192–93, 195–97, 199, 201, 250
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 3, 143, 192, 319, 320–23, 331
“Serotonin Chemistry in the Brain of Suicidal Victims” (Arango and Underhill), 201
Servius, 233
Setting Limits (Callahan), 433
Sexton, Anne, 11, 238
sexual abuse, 45
sexual identity, 3, 48, 66, 101–2, 261–66, 558n
Shaffer, David, 48, 118–19, 120, 542n–43n