The Unquiet Englishman

by Richard Greene

  12See Letters to the Editor, Daily Telegraph (4, 10, 20, and 24 June 1957).

  13‘A Weed Among the Flowers’, 394.

  45: Handshakes and Contracts

  1GG to CW, 19 June 1957 and 1 February 1962, GU.

  2Muriel Spark, Curriculum Vitae (London: Constable, 1992), 205.

  3Adamson, 32.

  4Adamson (2009), 5–41 and 62–76.

  5GG to MR, 18 June 1957, 6 August 1957, 4 September 1957, 23 September 1957, 18 December 1957, 3 February 1958, Max Reinhardt Collection, BL.

  6MR to Vladimir Nabokov, 19 January 1959, Max Reinhardt Collection, BL; Adamson (2009), 64–7.

  7GG to MR, 21 September 1964, Max Reinhardt Collection, BL.

  8GG to CW, 4 February 1958, GU.

  9GG to Oliver Crosthwaite-Eyre, 6 March 1958, BC.

  10Letters, 227.

  46: Bombs and Daiquiris

  1GG to CW, 8 November 1957, GU.

  2My discussion of Cuba relies heavily on Christopher Hull, ‘Sex, Drugs, and Communism: Graham Greene’s Visits to Cuba’, lecture, Graham Greene International Festival, Berkhamsted, 29 September 2012.

  3GG to CW, 8 November 1957, GU; Journal, 8 November 1957, GU.

  4Shelden, 303.

  5GG to CW, 19 June 1957, GU.

  6Journal, 8 November 1957, GU; the extent of Fordham’s failure is described in Christopher Hull, ‘Prophecy and Comedy in Havana: Graham Greene’s Spy Fiction and Cold War Reality’, in Dermot Gilvary and Darren J. N. Middleton, eds, Dangerous Edges of Graham Greene: Journeys with Saints and Sinners (New York: Continuum, 2011), 155–8.

  7Journal, 8 and 12 November 1957, GU.

  8See Thomas D. Schoonover, Hitler’s Man in Havana: Heinz Lüning and Nazi Espionage in Latin America (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2008), esp. 141–54.

  9Journal, 10–11 November 1957, GU.

  10Hull, 99.

  11WOE, 186.

  12WOE, 186.

  13Roberto de Mendoza to GG, 22 October 1957, BC; this chain of connections was explained in Hull, 122–35. See also Mark Gollom, ‘I never stayed to see if they were dead: Natalia Bolivar, 82, unsentimental about her role in Cuban Revolution’, 4 December 2016, archived at www.cbc.ca; Tom Miller, ‘Sex, Spies and Literature’, Washington Post (14 April 1991); Tom Miller, Trading with the Enemy: A Yankee Travels Through Castro’s Cuba (New York: Basic Books, 1992), esp. 186–8.

  14Christopher Hull to RG, email, 25 June 2018.

  15WOE, 188.

  16WOE, 190–1.

  17My account of the trip to Santiago draws on WOE, 187–91, and an unpublished account by Bernard Diederich.

  18Hull, 131.

  19BD to RG, email, 23 June 2018.

  20GG to HG, 24 October 1958, BC.

  21Accounts differ on minor points; see Hull, 131–3.

  22Hull, 133–5.

  23GG to CW, 8 January 1958, GU.

  24MB to CW, 24 May 1958, GU.

  25GG to Tatiana Lanina, 2 June 1958, BC.

  26GG to CW, 1 July 1958, GU.

  27GG to CW, 9 July 1958, GU.

  47: The Whole Trouble

  1John le Carré, The Pigeon Tunnel (London: Viking, 2016), 17–18.

  2Letters, 413.

  3Sunday Times (5 October 1958).

  4Servando Valdés Sánchez, ‘Anglo-Cuban Diplomacy: The Economic and Political Links with Britain (1945–60)’, International Journal of Cuban Studies, 8:1 (spring 2016), 55–73 (esp. 59–63).

  5Hansard (17 March 1958).

  6WOE, 190.

  7Hansard (17 March 1958, 19 November 1958, and 15 December 1958).

  8Christopher Hull, ‘Prophecy and Comedy in Havana: Graham Greene’s Spy Fiction and Cold War Reality’, in Dermot Gilvary and Darren J. N. Middleton, eds, Dangerous Edges of Graham Greene: Journeys with Saints and Sinners (New York: Continuum, 2011), 156–8.

  9WOE, 191.

  10Washington Post (25 May 2001).

  11Various documents relating to this transaction may be found in the GG Collection, Box 92, HRC.

  12Robert Emmett Ginna, ‘Our Man in Havana’, Horizon, 2:2 (November 1959), 31.

  13GG to CW, 21 November 1958 and 7 December 1958, GU.

  48: Taxidermy Everywhere

  1SOL typescript, GG Collection (33.1), HRC; Wise and Hill 2: 86–7.

  2SOL, 63–4; Williams, 381.

  3GG to CW, 3 January 1959, GU.

  4GG to CW, 17 December 1958, GU.

  5Journal, 26 July 1963, HRC.

  6Alec Guinness, Blessings in Disguise (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985), 201–7; GG corrects this account in GG to Nicholas Wapshott, 3 September 1990, BC.

  7Robert Ostermann, ‘Interview with Graham Greene’ (1950), in A. F. Cassis, ed., Graham Greene: Man of Paradox (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1994), 99.

  8GS, manuscript notes, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  9Roy Perrot, ‘A Brief Encounter’ (1969), in Cassis, ed., Graham Greene: Man of Paradox, 198–9.

  10Letters, 235.

  11GS, manuscript notes, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  12John Gielgud, Gielgud’s Letters, ed. Richard Mangan (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004), 228.

  13John Miller, Ralph Richardson: The Authorized Biography (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1995), 173–9.

  14The Times (4 June 1960).

  15New York Times (23 August 1959).

  16New York Times (8 June 1960).

  17Irene Mayer Selznick, A Private View (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983), 353–6.

  18Alan Strachan, Secret Dreams: The Biography of Michael Redgrave (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004), 356.

  19New York Times (8 January 1962).

  49: The Separating Sickness

  1GS, transcript of conversation with GG, 10 May 1985, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  2HM, 59 (Vintage edn).

  3GG to CW, 7 July 1955, GU.

  4Gould, 59. This book, recommended to me by Michel Lechat, provides most of the historical and technical information on leprosy referred to in this chapter. It is, in places, supplemented by information from Lechat himself.

  5Gould, 59–102.

  6Gould, 3.

  7Gould, 13.

  8Gould, 15.

  9World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/lep/epidemiology/en/ (accessed 20 July 2018).

  10ML to RG, email, 30 January 2005.

  11ML to RG, email, 30 January 2005.

  12ML to RG, email, 30 January 2005.

  13Michel Lechat, ‘Evocation of Graham Greene at Yonda’, lecture, Edinburgh, July 1986; the text of this lecture is preserved in the BC collection.

  14Lechat, 60–1.

  15ML to GG, 3 October 1958, BC.

  16Letters, 233–4.

  17Ch. Didier Gondola, The History of Congo (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002), 97–114.

  18Gondola, The History of Congo, 97–114

  19David Van Reybrouck, Congo: The Epic History of a People, trans. Sam Garrett (New York: CCC, 2014), 227–66.

  20Gondola, The History of Congo, 115–29.

  21Gondola, The History of Congo, 115–29.

  22Letters, 238.

  23Lechat, 59.

  24Journal, 31 January 1959, HRC.

  25Lechat, 60–1.

  26Journal, 19 February 1959, HRC.

  27Journal, 10 February 1959, HRC.

  28GG to MB, 26 February 1959, Balliol.

  29Journal, 5 February 1959, HRC. I am extremely grateful to Professor Michael Meeuwis who has provided me with his transcription of this journal. In a lecture given at the Graham Greene International Festival, ‘The Five Lives of Graham Greene’s Congo Journal’, September 2017, Professor Meeuwis traced the history of this journal. I have also relied on his article ‘The Furthest Escape of All: Darkness and Refuge in the Belgian Congo’, Graham Greene Studies, 1 (2017), 69–96. I am also grateful to him for his further assistance on many points related to Greene’s sojourn in the Congo. Any mistakes are my own.

  30Lechat, 61.

  31Journal, 27 February 1959,
HRC.

  32Lechat, 69; Michael Meeuwis, ‘Tiny Bouts of Contentment. Rare Film Footage of Graham Greene in the Belgian Congo, March 1959’, Rozenberg Quarterly (December 2013): http://rozenbergquarterly.com/tiny-bouts-of-contentment-rare-film-footage-of-graham-greene-in-the-belgian-congo-march-1959/ (accessed 29 August 2018). For other identifications of people Greene encountered, see Gustaaf Hulstaert, ‘Graham Greene et les Missionnaires Catholiques au Congo Belges’, Annales Æquatoria, 15 (1994), 493–503.

  33Meeuwis, ‘Tiny Bouts of Contentment’.

  34Lechat, 63.

  35Lechat, 62.

  36R. Van den Brandt to GG, c. 3 February 1959, HRC; Journal, 4 February 1959, HRC; Meeuwis (2017), 82.

  37Lechat, 62; Meeuwis (2017), 83.

  38Journal, 11 and 14 February 1959, HRC.

  39Letters, 241.

  40Journal, 15 February 1959, HRC.

  41Journal, 12 and 22 February 1959, HRC.

  42Journal, 14 and 24 February 1959, HRC.

  43Journal, 12 February 1959, HRC.

  44GG to Stephen Spender, 24 May 1957, BC.

  45Journal, 15 and 26 February 1959, HRC.

  46Journal, 15–16 February 1959, HRC.

  47Journal, 22–3 February 1959, HRC.

  48Journal, 19–20 February 1959, HRC.

  49GG to Father Andre Blanchet, 14 July 1961, BC.

  50Journal, 21–22 February 1959, HRC.

  51Journal, 26 February 1959, HRC.

  52Journal, 2 March 1959, HRC.

  53Journal, 28 February and 2 March 1959, HRC. See also her obituary in New York Times (18 October 2007).

  50: Alone in a Lift

  1J. H. Jennings, ‘The Eruption of Mount Cameroon, 1959’, Journal of the Geographical Association, 44:3 (1 July 1959), 207–8.

  2Cloetta, 6; GG to ML, 18 March 1959, BL. Some details of Cloetta’s book are distant recollections, so I have corrected minor errors using documents closer to the time.

  3ML to GG, 4 May 1959, BC.

  4GS, transcript of telephone call with YC, November 1981, Sutro Collection, Bod; Hazzard, 83.

  5Cloetta, 11.

  6Cloetta, 8.

  7GG to MB, 29 July 1959, Balliol. Cloetta, 8–10, gives approximate and contradictory dates.

  8GS, notes on conversation with YC, 21 October 1987, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  9Cloetta, 10; GG to MB

  51: Changes

  1CB, interview with RG, 22 September 2018. CB is reporting an observation made by VG.

  2I am grateful for observations on this subject by James Greene (son of HG).

  3GG to CW, 11 September 1959 and 22 September 1959 (telegram), GU.

  4Letters, 245.

  5Letters, 226.

  6Daily Mail (17 October 1960).

  7CB, interview with RG, 22 September 2018.

  8Letters, 303.

  9Graham C. Greene, interview with RG, 24 September 2015.

  10Information from Sarah Greene.

  11Nicholas Dennys, interview with RG, 1 October 2015.

  12GG to ED, 22 June 1968, BC.

  13Peter Walker, interview with RG, 29 September 2014.

  14Information from Bruce Hunter.

  15GG, interview with Nigel Lewis, 1982, BL.

  16Cloetta, 13–15.

  17GG to MB, 19 May 1960, Balliol.

  18GG to CW, 18 December 1961, GU.

  19Cloetta, 20–23.

  20GG to CW, 31 January 1960, GU.

  21‘Bob Kaufman’: www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/bob-kaufman (accessed 24 September 2018).

  22Letters, 247.

  23CB, interview with RG, 22 September 2018.

  24GG to CW, 5 February 1960, GU.

  52: Death and Taxes

  1The Times (2 April 1960); West, 312.

  2GG to Tanya Lanina, 13 April 1960, BC; Letters, 248.

  3West, 219–20.

  4Letters, 248–9, 405–6; Stewart Purvis and Jeff Hulbert, Guy Burgess: The Spy Who Knew Everybody (London: Biteback, 2016), 339.

  5Information from Karl Orend.

  6GG to CW, 13 March 1960, GU.

  7GG to CW, 31 March 1960, GU.

  8Pierre Joannon, interview with RG, 12 April 2016.

  9GS, manuscript notes, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  10Letters, 256; GG to Jean-Felix Paschoud, 11 March 1966, HRC. For average wages see Gregory Clark, ‘What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)’, MeasuringWorth, 2018, http://www.measuringworth.com/ukearncpi/ (accessed 1 October 2018).

  11GG to FG, 21 June 1971, BC. Note: there are two letters of the same date on the same subject.

  12George Harrison, ‘Taxman’ (1966). Lyrics © Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC.

  13HM Revenue and Customs, Income Tax Today: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130127153200/http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/history/taxhis7.htm (accessed 28 September 2018). Harrison is quoted in this article.

  14GG to CW, 31 October 1961, GU.

  15LP to GG, 11 April 1963, C.

  16LP to Jean-Felix Paschoud, 10 May 1968, HRC.

  17Except as otherwise indicated, what follows is drawn from articles on Thomas Roe and Cadco in The Times (1 December 1966 and 8–25 February 1967). Also ‘Cadco Developments Limited, Royal Victoria Sausages Limited; Victoria Wholesale Meats Limited: Investigation under Section 165 (b) f the Companies Act 1948’: https://archive.org/stream/op1268196-1001/op1268196-1001_djvu.txt (accessed 16 June 2020).

  18Hansard (1 December 1964).

  19Murray Pollinger to GG, 29 July 1966, HRC.

  20GG to FG, 21 June 1971, BC. Note: there are two letters of the same date on the same subject.

  21Bruce Hunter to RG, email, 30 September 2018.

  53: The End of a Long Rope

  1Observer (15 January 1961).

  2BOC, 190–1.

  3BOC, 193.

  4BOC, 50.

  5Waugh (1976), 779.

  6Waugh (1980), 557.

  7Letters, 251–2.

  8Waugh (1980), 559–60; see also WOE, 195–8.

  9Letters, 253.

  10Letters, 255.

  11Letters, 408.

  12GG to ML, 10 June 1961, Balliol.

  13For a detailed account, see Adamson (2009), 77–80. For other background, see Letters, 261–3.

  14Adamson (2009), 82. Professor Adamson has kindly provided further information.

  15Mike Hill, introduction to film of ‘Under the Garden’, Graham Greene International Festival, Berkhamsted, 21 September 2018.

  16GG to CW, 26 January 1962, GU.

  17GG to CW, 12 January 1962, GU.

  18The Burns library at BC purchased Greene’s library, which includes some volumes, with his marginalia, from the series The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman, ed. Charles Stephen Dessain (London and New York: Nelson, 1961–); in early 1962, only the volume given number 11 had yet appeared. Publication of this 32-volume edition was eventually taken over by the Oxford University Press. I am grateful to Newman’s biographer Edward Short for information on this point.

  19GG to CW, 12 January 1962, GU.

  20GS, transcript of conversation with GG, 27 January 1989, Bod.

  54: Plastiques

  1Irwin Wall, France, the United States, and the Algerian War (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 1–3.

  2GG to Jean Leroy, 15 March 1957, BC. The same archive holds some cables pertaining to the planned visit and its cancellation.

  3Letters, 342.

  4Evening Standard (8 January 1978); see also YE, 98–100. I follow Hawtree in citing this interview.

  5GG to CW, 11 February 1962 [?], GU.

  6GG to CW, 16 March 1962, GU.

  55: Masks

  1WOE, 231–7.

  2David Nicolson to GG, 2 May 1989, BC; Amanda Saunders [?] to David Nicolson, 23 May 1989, BC.

  3Letters, 246–7.

  4Letters, 260.

  5University of Cambridge: Speeches of the Orator at the Presentation of the Recipients of Honorary Degrees to the Chancellor (Cambridge Univers
ity Press: Cambridge, 1962).

  6CB to RG, email, 10 October 2017.

  7GG to CB, 23 June 1962, private collection of CB.

  8RG, interview with CB, 26 September 2015.

  9GG to MB, 20 July 1962, Balliol.

  10GG to Anna T. Zakarija, 4 January 1986, BC. Note: this letter is filed in the BC collection under Georgetown Library correspondence.

  11Knightley, 184–9.

  12Amanda Saunders to RG, email, 1 April 2003.

  13Anthony Cave Brown, Treason in the Blood: H. St John Philby, Kim Philby, and the Spy Case of the Century (London: Robert Hale, 1994), 446.

  14GG to Jill Parwin, 10 August 1975, BC; Andrew Boyle, The Climate of Treason: Five who Spied for Russia (London: Hutchinson, 1979), 422.

  15GG, introduction, Kim Philby, My Silent War: The Autobiography of a Spy (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968), 9.

  16Brown, Treason in the Blood, 482.

  17Knightley, 189 and 198.

  18Knightley, 205–6 and passim.

  19Knightley, 212–15.

  20Brown, Treason in the Blood, 506–10.

  21Hansard (1 July 1963).

  22The Times (1 February 1963).

  23The Times (18 April 1963).

  24GG to R. W. Leonhardt, undated, 16 April 1963, 20 April 1963, 10 May 1963, 4 June 1963, BC; R. W. Leonhardt to GG, 2 April 1963, 18 April 1963, BC.

  25‘Letter to a West German Friend’, Reflections, 244.

  26‘Letter to a West German Friend’, 249.

  27Sunday Times (14 July 1963).

  28See, for example, GG to GS, 22 January 1968, Sutro Collection, BLO.

  56: The Real End of the World

  1GG to MB, 11 August 1963, Balliol.

  2‘Return to Cuba’, Reflections, 250.

  3Journal, 21 July 1963, HRC.

  4GG to YC, 22 July 1963, GU.

  5Journal, 22 July 1963, HRC.

  6GG to YC, 27 July 1963, GU.

  7GG to YC, 6 August 1963, GU.

  8Journal, 26 July 1963, HRC.

  9YE, 127–8.

  10GG to YC, 27 July 1963, GU.

  11Journal, 31 July 1961, HRC.

  12Sunday Telegraph (22 September 1963).

  13Letters, 265, 379–80.