Boko Haram
Page 26
26 Josh Rogin, ‘McCain: send U.S. special forces to rescue Nigerian girls’, The Daily Beast, 13 May 2014, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/13/mccain-send-u-s-special-forces-to-rescue-nigerian-girls.html.
27 Tolu Ogunlesi, ‘Opinion: Nigerians right to be wary of U.S. intentions’, 13 May 2014, CNN Opinion, http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/13/opinion/nigeria-us-military-ogunlesi/.
28 The Joint Task Force (JTF) was later replaced by the 7th Division of the Nigerian military.
29 Video of Friend’s testimony can be found at: http://www.foreign.senate.gov/hearings/bringbackourgirls-addressing-the-threat-of-boko-haram/051514.
30 US Defence Department press release, http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=122310.
31 The US Department of Defense did not respond to my requests for comment.
32 Dan Williams and Tim Cocks, ‘Nigeria’s neglected Israeli drones won’t help find girls’, Reuters, 20 May 2014.
33 The video was first obtained by Aminu Abubakar of AFP news agency (Agence France-Presse, ‘New Boko Haram video claims to show missing Nigerian schoolgirls’, 12 May 2014). The full video is also available at: http://saharareporters.com/videos/full-video-boko-haram-video-showing-kidnapped-school-girls.
34 Translation provided by Aminu Abubakar.
35 Adam Nossiter, ‘Small comfort as parents identify kidnapped Nigerian girls on video’, New York Times, 13 May 2013.
36 Video footage of Jonathan’s comments is available on the BBC’s website: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27451966.
37 ‘Fake #BringBackOurGirls protesters surface in Abuja’, Sahara Reporters, 26 May 2014, http://saharareporters.com/2014/05/26/photonews-fake-bringbackourgirls-protesters-surface-abuja.
38 Video of Badeh’s comments is available online, including at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ooss0CEGtic and http://www.cbsnews.com/news/nigeria-defense-chief-we-know-where-the-girls-are/.
39 Jonathan Miller, ‘Freeing Nigerian schoolgirls now “a very messy affair”’, Channel 4 News, 2 June 2014, http://www.channel4.com/news/nigerian-schoolgirls-kidnapped-release-freeing-messy-affair; Miles Amoore and Dipesh Gadher, ‘Welby aide in talks to free Nigerian girls’, Sunday Times, 1 June 2014; Sarah Dean, Emily Crane, and Barbara Jones, ‘“We must not endanger their lives any further”, says Australian man desperately trying to free Nigerian schoolgirls kidnapped by Boko Haram’, Daily Mail, 1 June 2014; Patrick Begley, ‘How amateur peacemaker Stephen Davis rescued kidnapped girls from Boko Haram’, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 August 2014.
40 Jibrin Ibrahim, ‘Rent a crowd and miss the message’, 27 May 2014, originally published by Sahara Reporters, but no longer accessible there. It can still be found on other websites, including at: http://elotitv.com/entry/rent-a-crowd-and-miss-the-message-by-jibrin-ibrahim.
41 According to some accounts, the rumour began thanks to a US National Intelligence Council discussion paper that looked at possible scenarios in sub-Saharan Africa. For an overview of the issue, see: John Campbell, ‘U.S. government never predicted Nigeria break up in 2015’, Council on Foreign Relations Africa in Transition blog, 16 May 2012, http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2012/05/16/u-s-government-never-predicted-nigeria-break-up-in-2015/.
Epilogue
1 Shehu Abubakar, ‘N16bn maritime security deal raises questions’, Sunday Trust, 13 May 2012; Jon Gambrell, ‘Nigeria ex-militant linked to bid’, Associated Press, 29 March 2012.
2 Estelle Shirbon, ‘UK court sees jailed Nigerian ex-governor’s opulent palace’, Reuters, 18 September 2013.
3 ‘Nigeria: UK conviction a blow against corruption’, Human Rights Watch, 17 April 2012.
4 His son Rawlings later told me that he indeed had only one son, but had cared for other children who were not biologically his.
Select Bibliography
Books
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Backwell, H.F., The Occupation of Hausaland: 1900–1904 (Lagos, 1927)
Bello, Sir Ahmadu, My Life (Cambridge, 1962)
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Falola, Toyin and Heaton, Matthew M., A History of Nigeria (Cambridge, 2009)
Hiskett, Mervyn, The Development of Islam in West Africa (New York, 1984)
Hiskett, Mervyn, The Sword of Truth (Evanston, 1994)
Hogben, S.J., An Introduction to the History of the Islamic States of Northern Nigeria (Ibadan, 1967)
Last, Murray, The Sokoto Caliphate (Bristol, 1967)
Lugard, Sir F.D., The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa (Edinburgh and London, 1922)
Maier, Karl, This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis (London, 2000)
Muffett, D.J.M., Concerning Brave Captains (London, 1964)
Muhammad, Abdullah Ibn, Tazyin Al-Waraqat, trans. Mervyn Hiskett (Ibadan, 1963)
Neher, Gerald A. with Neher, Lois R., Life Among the Chibok of Nigeria (Kansas, 2011)
Perham, Margery, Lugard: The Years of Authority 1898–1945 (London, 1961)
Pieth, M. (ed.), Recovering Stolen Assets (Berne, 2008)
Soyinka, Wole, You Must Set Forth at Dawn (New York, 2006)
Umar, Muhammad S., Islam and Colonialism: Intellectual Responses of Muslims of Northern Nigeria to British Colonial Rule (Leiden, 2006)
Journals
Anonymous, ‘The Popular Discourses of Salafi Radicalism and Salafi Counter-radicalism in Nigeria: A Case Study of Boko Haram’, Journal of Religion in Africa, 42(2) (2012), pp. 118–144
Higazi, Adam, ‘The Origins and Transformation of the Boko Haram Insurgency in Northern Nigeria’. Published in French translation as ‘Les origines et la transformation de l’insurrection de Boko Haram dans le nord du Nigeria’, Politique Africaine, 130 (2013), pp. 137–64
Hiskett, Mervyn, ‘The Maitatsine Riots in Kano, 1980: An Assessment’, Journal of Religion in Africa, 17(3) (1987), pp. 209–33
Isichei, Elizabeth, ‘The Maitatsine Risings in Nigeria 1980–85: A Revolt of the Disinherited’, Journal of Religion in Africa, 17(3) (1987), pp. 194–208
Last, Murray, ‘Contradictions in Creating a Jihadi Capital: Sokoto in the Nineteenth Century and Its Legacy’, African Studies Review, 56(2) (September 2013), pp. 1–20
Loimeier, Roman, ‘Boko Haram: The Development of a Militant Religious Movement in Nigeria’, Africa Spectrum, 47(2–3) (2012), pp. 137–55
Umar, Muhammad S., ‘Education and Islamic Trends in Northern Nigeria: 1970s–1990s’, Africa Today, 48(2) (Summer 2001), pp. 127–50
Miscellaneous
Amnesty International, ‘Nigeria: trapped in the cycle of violence’, November 2012
Colonial Reports – Annual, N. Nigeria, 1900–11 (London, HMSO)
Human Rights Watch, ‘Spiraling violence: Boko Haram attacks and security force abuses in Nigeria’, October 2012
Mustapha, Abdul Raufu, ‘Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in Nigeria’, Democracy, Governance and Human Rights Programme, Paper No. 24, November 2006, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
Papers of Baron Lugard of Abinger, 1858–1945, Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies, Oxford
Perouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, ‘Nigeria’s Interminable Insurgency? Addressing the Boko Haram Crisis’, Chatham House Research Paper, September 2014
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