Fernie, W.T., Meals Medicinal. John Wright & Co., Bristol, England, 1905.
Finch, Jacqueline, “The Ancient Origins of Prosthetic Medicine.” The Lancet, February 12, 2011, 377(9765): 548–49. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60190-6/fulltext
Fischer, Emil Hermann. Encyclopedia.com. Available online at http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Emil_Herman_Fischer.aspx
Frecklington, Mike, Keith Rome, Peter McNair, and Nicola Dalbethain, “Disability and Impairment Associated with Podiatric Problems in Patients with Acute Gout.” Supplement Proceedings of the Australasian Podiatry Council Conference 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102996/
Gannon, Megan, “Ancient Fake Toes May Be World’s Oldest Prosthesis, Study Shows,” LiveScience, October 3, 2012. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/03/ancient-fake-toes-oldest-prostheses-egypt_n_1936219.html
“Gout: Topic Overview.” WebMD.com updated November 12, 2010. http://arthritis.webmd.com/tc/gout-topic-overview
“A Guide to 18th-Century Foot Care, Marie Antoinette’s Copy, Beautifully Bound with Her Gilt Arms.” http://www.baumanrarebooks.com/rare-books/marie-antoinette-laforest-nicholas-laurent/l-art-de-soigner-les-pieds/83133.aspx
Hanink, Johanna, “Orestis Karavas, Lucien et la Tragédie.” Bryn Mawr Classicial Review, 2006. Available on line at http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2006/2006-04-15.html
Hernberg, Sven “Lead Poisoning in a Historical Perspective.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2000, 38: 244–54. http://www.rachel.org/files/document/Lead_Poisoning_in_Historical_Perspective.pdf
Hippocrates, Aphorisms, Section VI, Trans. Francis Adams. http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/aphorisms.6.vi.html
“A History of Gout (part 1). From the B.C. Centuries to the End of the 19th Century.” Best-Gout-Remedies.com. Reviewed August 31, 2011. http://www.best-gout-remedies.com/historyofgout.html
“The History of HIV and AIDS in America.” Avert. http://www.avert.org/aids-history-america.htm
“History of Wheelchairs.” Chairdex. http://www.chairdex.com/history.htm
Johnson, Steven, “Green Ben: Benjamin Franklin and ecosystems.” HistoryNet.com, June 4, 2009. http://www.historynet.com/green-ben.htm
Kesselheim, Aaron S., and Daniel H. Solomon, “Perspective: Incentives for Drug Development—The Curious Case of Colchicine.” New England Journal of Medicine, April 14, 2010, 362:2045–47 (updated April 21, 2010 at NEJM.org). http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1003126
Kippen, Cameron, “A Potted History of Podiatry.” Foot Talk, December 22, 2008. http://foottalk.blogspot.com/2008/12/potted-history-of-podiatry.html
Kippen, Cameron, “Retifism and Fetishism: The Foot in Art.” Blogspot, October 30, 2008. http://toeslayer-retifismandfetishism.blogspot.com/2008/10/foot-in-art.html
Kolata, Gina, “Study Discovers Road Map of DNA: A Key to Biology.” The New York Times, September 6, 2012.
LaPook, Jonathan, “FDA Approval of Ancient Remedy Sends Price Soaring.” CBS News, October 10, 2011. http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-18563_162-20118283.html
“Left Atrium, Illness and Metaphor: Gout.” CMAJ. January 23, 2001; 164(2): 239. http://www.cmaj.ca/content/164/2/239.2.full
Lewis, Jack, “Lead Poisoning: A Historical Perspective.” EPA Journal, May 1985. http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/perspect/lead.html
Manno, Rebecca,”Gout.” The Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. http://www.hopkins-arthritis.org/arthritis-info/gout/
Matson, John, “Observations. What’s the Real Story with Newton and the Apple? See for Yourself.” Scientific American, January 18, 2010. http://ttp.royalsociety.org/accessible/SpreadDetails.aspx?BookID=1807da00-909a-4abf-b9c1-0279a08e4bf2
Maynard, Janet W., Mara A. McAdams, Alan N. Baer, Allan C. Gelber, and Josef Coresh, “Racial Differences in Gout Risk and Uric Acid Levels in Both Men and Women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.” Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2010, 62(Suppl 10):1556. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/acrmeeting/abstract.asp?MeetingID=774&id=90201
Merck’s 1899 Manual of the Materia Medica. Merck & Co, New York, 1899.
de Montaigne, Michel, “Of Cripples,” Essays of Montaigne, Vol. 9 [1580]. The Online Library of Liberty. http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1750&chapter=91301&layout=html&Itemid=27
National Academy of Sciences, Safety Testing. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2012. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10733&page=21
The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), “Creation of ‘Smallest Protein’ Consisting of Only Ten Amino Acid Residues.” August 10, 2004. http://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/latest_research/2004/20040819/20040819.html
Nicholson, Geoff, “My Literary Malady,” The New York Times, August 3, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/books/review/Nicholson-t.html?adadxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1321985624-CZTczNzAZR9/fvB5bNtWkw
Nuki, George and Peter A. Simkin, “A Concise History of Gout and Hyperuricemia and Their Treatment.” Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2006, 8(Suppl 1):S1. http://arthritis-research.com/content/8/S1/S1
Ombrello, T. “Plant of the Week: Autumn Crocus.” http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-ombrello/pow/autumn_crocus.htm Omole, O.B., et al., “The Evolution of Gout (An Old Lifestyle Disease).” South African Family Practice, 2009, 51(5): 396–398 http://www.ajol.info/index.php/safp/article/viewFile/48488/34841
“Oops,” David Perdue’s Charles Dickens Page. Updated June 4, 2012. Pagehttp://charlesdickenspage.com/copperfield.html
“Opium.” Medical Discoveries. http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Ni-Ra/Opium.html
Paddock, Catherine, “Gout Risk Linked To Genes.” Medical News Today, March 10, 2008. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/100073.php
“Pseudogout.” Mayo Clinic.com. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pseudogout/DS00717
Reddy, Aravind, and Charles L. Braun, “Lead and the Romans.” Journal of Chemical Education, 2010, 87(10):1052–5. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed100631y
Rolleston, J.D., “Medical Aspects of the Greek Anthology.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2003554/pdf/procrsmed00948-0036.pdf
Roach, John, “Friday the 13th Phobia Rooted in Ancient History.” National Geographic News. Updated August 12, 2004. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0212_040212_friday13.html
Safire, William, “On Language; Gimme the Ol’ White Shoe.” The New York Times Magazine, November 9, 1997. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/09/magazine/on-language-gimme-the-ol-white-shoe.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
Scholtens, Martina, “The Glorification of Gout in 16th- to 18th-century literature,”Century Literature.” CMAJ, October 7, 2008, 179(8). http://www.cmaj.ca/content/179/8/804.full
Schneider, Ben R., ed., “Seneca’s Epistles Volume III, Epistle XCV,” Materials for the Construction of SHAKESPEARE’S MORALS: The Stoic Legacy to the Renaissance. Revised January 29, 2001. http://www.stoics.com/seneca_epistles_book_3.html#‘XCV1
Schuler, Burton, “Dr Dudley J. Morton, The Father of the Morton’s Toe.” Foot Care for You. http://www.footcare4u.com/category/dr-dudley-morton/
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, “ProtParam for Human Titin.” Expasy Proteomics Server. http://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/protparam/protparam1?Q8WZ42@1-34350@
University of Leicester, Historical Directories. http://www.historicaldirectories.org/hd/ud/usingdir4.asp
Wilkins, Robert H., “Neurosurgical Classic-XVII Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. Journal of Neurosurgery, March 1964, 240–44. http://www.neurosurgery.org/cybermuseum/pre20th/epapyrus.html
Wilson, Jennifer Fisher, “Life Science. Got Gout? More and More People Do. Why?” The Smart Set from Drexel University, July 28, 2008. http://www.thesmartset.com/article/article07280801.aspx
Wood, George B., and Franklin Bache, The Dispensatory of the United States of America, 12th ed. J.B. Lippincott and Co., Philadelphia, PA, 1868
5•Desire
“About us.” UNOS.org, 20
12. http://www.unos.org/about/index.php
Acar, Feridun, Sait Naderi, Mustafa Guvencer, Ugur Türe, and M. Nuri Arda, “Herophilus of Chalceaddon: A Pioneer of Neuroscience,” Neurosurgery, April 2005, 56(4), 861–67. http://www.saitnaderi.com.tr/pdf/tarih/PDF46.pdf
American Psychiatric Association, “U 01 Fetishistic Disorder,” DSM-5 Development. Updated April 29, 2012. http://www.dsm5.org/proposedrevision/pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=63
Angier, Natalie, “Michelangelo, Renaissance Man of the Brain, Too?” The New York Times, October 10, 1990. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/10/arts/michelangelo-renaissance-man-of-the-brain-too.html
Arnoux, Dominique J., “Coprophilia.” International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. The Gale Group, Farmington Hills, MI, 2005. http://www.answers.com/topic/coprophilia
Ashliman, D.L., “Cinderella, Aarne-Thompson-Uther Folktale Type 510A and Related Stories of Persecuted Heroines.” http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0510a.html
“Bound Feet, the History of a Curious, Erotic Custom.” http://www.josephrupp.com/bfindex2.html
Burton, Elizabeth C., and Kim A. Collins, “Religions and the Autopsy.” Medscape. Updated March 21, 2012. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1705993-overview
Baudelaire, Charles, “La Chevalure.” Fleurs du Mal/Flowers of Evil, 1857 edition. http://fleursdumal.org/poem/203
Crites, James, A., “Foot Binding.” AngelFire, October 25, 1995. http://www.angelfire.com/ca/beekeeper/foot.html
Debernardi, A., E. Sala, G. D’Aliberti, G. Talamonti, A.F. Franchin, and M. Collice, “Alcmaeon of Croton.” Neurosurgery, February 2010, 66(2):247–52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/advanced
“Did Michelangelo Draw A Brain in God’s Neck?” NPR, June 21, 2010. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127990450
Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard, ed., People of the Book. State University of New York Press, Albany, New York, 1992.
“Evolution of Primate Sense of Smell and Full Trichromatic Color Vision,” PLoS Biology, January 20, 2004, 2(1): e33.
Fields, R. Douglas, “Michelangelo’s Secret Message in the Sistine Chapel: A Juxtaposition of God and the Human Brain.” Scientific American, May 27, 2010. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2010/05/27/michelangelos-secret-message-in-the-sistine-chapel-a-juxtaposition-of-godand-the-human-brain/
“François Emile Matthes.” http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/matthes/francois_matthes.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1964. “Fetishism” (1927), in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, James Strachey with Anna Freud, eds. Hogarth Press, London, vol. 21: 152–57.
Furlow, F. Bryant, “The Smell of Love.” Psychology Today, March 1, 1996. Last reviewed on August 13, 2010. http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200910/the-smell-love
Giannini, A.J., Colapietro, G., Slaby, A.E., Melemis, S.M., Bowman, R.K. (1998) “Sexualization of the Female Foot as a Response to Sexually Transmitted Epidemics: A Preliminary Study.” Psychological Reports, 1998, 83(2):491–98.
“Guide to Understanding Islam.” The Religion of Peace.com. http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Quran/007-veils.htm
Halbach, Sara, Susan Pei, and Darrel Waggoner, “Caudal Appendage and Limb Abnormalities Are A Recurring Pair of Birth Defects.” University of Chicago Genetic Services, March 12, 2012. http://dnatesting.uchicago.edu/blog/caudal-appendage-and-limb-abnormalities-are-recurring-pair-birth-defects
“Heikes Heels Page.” http://www.heikes-heels.de/english/history-shoes/1.htm
“High Heels History Lesson.” Red Shoes for Women. http://redshoesforwomen.com/red-shoes-articles/high-heels-history-lesson/
The Holy Bible, King James Version. American Bible Society, New York, 2009.
The Holy Scriptures. The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, PA: 5712-1952.
“Is There a Mystery Hidden in the Sistine Chapel?” June 24, 2005. http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Technology/story?id=878055
Jannini, Emmanuele A., e-mail correspondence. August 14, 2012.
“Jimmie Choo Heist.” Our Town, August 30, 2012.
Kell, Christian A., Katharina von Kriefstein, Alexander Rosler, Andreas Kelineschmidt, and Helmut Laufsi, “The Sensory Cortical Representation of the Human Penis: Revisiting Somatotopy in the Male Homunculus.” The Journal of Neuroscience, June 22, 2005, 25 (25), 5984–5987. http://www.jneurosci.org/content/25/25/5984.full
Lauren, Kay, “Heel appeal,”.” Dance Magazine. http://www.dancemagazine.com/issues/December-2008/Heel-Appeal
Lim, Louisa, “Footbinding: From Status Symbol to Subjugation.” NPR, March 19, 2007. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=8966942
Luering, H.L.E., “Foot.” Bible History Online. http://www.bible-history.com/isbe/F/FOOT/
“Martha McLintock.” Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago. http://imb.uchicago.edu/people/members/mcclintock.shtml
Meshberger, Frank Lynn, “An Interpretation of Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam Based on Neuroanatomy.” The Journal of the American Medical Association, October 10, 1990 264(14): 1837–1841. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=383532
Orr, James, M.A., D.D., Gen. Ed., “Definition for ‘FOOT.’” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. 1915. http://www.bible-history.com/isbe/F/FOOT/
Oztekin, H.H., H. Boya, M. Nalcakan, and O. Ozcan, “Second-toe length and forefoot disorders in ballet and folk dancers.” Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, September–October, 2007, 97(5):385–88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901343
Patterson, Richard D., “The Earth Is My Footstool, God’s Feet and Our Walk.” Bible.org. http://bible.org/seriespage/%E2%80%9C-earth-myfootstool%E2%80%9D-god%E2%80%99s-feet-and-our-walk
Randall, Gary C., and Janet A. Randall, “The Developing Field of Human Organ Transplantation,” Gonzaga Law Review, Fall 1969, 5(20):20–39. http://gonzagalawreview.org/files/2011/11/gonlr5.7.pdf
“The Renaissance.” History of Footwear. http://www.footwearhistory.com/highrenwomens.shtml
Saraf, S. and R.S. Parihar, “Sushruta: The First Plastic Surgeon in 600 B.C..” The Internet Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2007, 4(2). http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-plastic-surgery/volume-4-number-2/sushruta-the-first-plastic-surgeon-in-600-b-c.html
Scorolli, C., S. Ghirlanda, M. Enquist, S. Zattoni, and E. A. Jannini, “Relative Prevalence of Different Fetishes.” International Journal of Impotence Research, 2007. 19:432–37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304204 and http://www.nature.com/ijir/journal/v19/n4/fig_tab/3901547t2.html & personal correspondence
Seales, Rebecca, “Let Them Wear Heels! Marie Antoinette’s Shoes Fetch £36,000 at Auction.” The Daily Mail, March 29, 2012. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2122012/Marie-Antoinettes-shoes-fetch-36-000-auction-Toulan.html#ixzz24mW4Cuqt
“Shoe History: The History of Your Shoes.” ShoeInfoNet. www.shoeinfonet.com/aboutshoes/history/historyyourshoes/histor0yourshoes.htm
Spinney, Laura, “Five Things Humans No Longer Need.” New Scientist, May 19, 2008. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13927-five-things-humans-no-longer-need.html
Steinberg, David, “Where is Your Heart? Some Body Part Metaphors and Euphemisms in Biblical Hebrew.” http://www.adath-shalom.ca/body_metaphors_bib_hebrew.htm
Suk, Ian, and Rafael J. Tamargo “Concealed Neuroanatomy in Michelangelo’s Separation of Light from Darkness in the Sistine Chapel.” Neurosurgery, May 2010, 66(5):851–61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20404688
Tumolillo, M. Amedeo, and Robert Mackey, “The Lede: Saving a Notorious Shoe Collection in the Philippines.” The New York Times, October 22, 2009. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/22/saving-a-notorious-shoe-collection-in-the-philippines/
“V.S. Ramachandran’s Tales of The ‘Tell-Tale Brain’.” NPR Books, February 14, 2011. http://www.npr.org/2011/02/14/133026897/v-s-ramachandrans-tales-of-the-tell-tale-brain
“Walk to the Guillotine.” Feminet, June
12. 2012. http://feminet.wordpress.com/2012/06/12/walk-to-the-guillotine/
Wedekind, Claus, Sina Escher, Matthuijs Van de Waal, Elisabeth Frei, “The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Perfumers’ Descriptions of Human Body Odors.” Environmental Psychology, 2007, 5(3):330–43. http://www.epjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/EP05330343.pdf
Wedekind, Claus, and Dustin Penn, “MHC Genes, Body Odours and Odour preferences,” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2000, 15(9): 1269–71. http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/9/1269.full
Wells, C.A. Harwell, “The End of the Affair? Anti-Dueling Laws and Social Norms in Antebellum America.” Vanderbilt Law Review, 2001, 54(4): 1805–1843. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1121921
“Dr. Wilder Penfield.” Library and Archives Canada. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/physicians/030002-2400-e.html
Wyngard, Amy S., “Defining Obscenity, Inventing Pornography: The Limits of Censorship in Rétif de la Bretonne.” Modern Language Quarterly, March 2010, 71:1. http://depts.washington.edu/mlq/contents/contents.php?id=71.1
Appendix
“Africa the Birthplace of Human Language, Analysis Suggests.” ScienceDaily.com, April 15, 2011. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110415165500.htm
INDEX
A
abortion, 31, 47, 51
Abraham, Karl, 131
Achilles tendon, 25, 41–42
Adams, William, 43
Adventures with the Missing Link (Dart), 13
Africa, 12, 16, 17
African-Americans
flatfeet risk of, 73–75
gout risk of, 107
African Genesis (Ardrey), 19
afterlife, 9, 138–39
AIDS, 94–95
Aikman, Troy, 56
Albucasis, 102
alms, 135–36
amniotic bend syndrome, 46–47
anatomy. See also specific anatomical parts
ape, 13–14, 20–26
for balance, 9, 23–24, 25–26
biped, 5, 7–8, 12–18, 19–27
dissection, 139–42
ideal human, 6, 6–8, 32, 62, 62, 63, 69
Leonardo's Foot Page 23