Lithuanian Division: Jews in action in, 1
Lithuanians: as collaborators, 1, 2, 3, 4; militiamen, 5, 6; and an ‘action’ in Vilna, 7, 8; at Swieciany, 9; at Ejszyszki, 10; at Butrimonys, 11; at Kovno, 12, 13, 14, 15; at Roskiskis, 16; at Baranowicze, 17; in Warsaw, 18; at Ponary, 19, 20; and the saving of Jewish life, 21, 22
Litwak, Chaim: killed after liberation (1945), 1
Litwak, Shaikele: aged twelve, killed after liberation (1945), 1
Litwak, Shammai: killed after liberation (1945), 1
Litwak, Yankele: aged fifteen, killed after liberation (1945), 1
Livschitz, Youra: helps an escape, 1
Lob, Albert: deported to his death (1942), with his wife and son, 1
Loborgrad: Jews murdered at, 1
Locarno Agreement (1925): 1
Lodz (Litzmannstadt): German violence against Jews in (1939), 1; synagogue set on fire in (1939), 2; pilfering in (1939), 3; indignities against Jews of (1939), 4; ghetto established in (1940), 5, 6; forced labourers taken from (1940), 7; deaths from hunger in (1941), 8; work in (1941), 9; Ethnic Germans in, 10; labour camps near, 11; events in (during 1941), 12, 13, 14, 15; deportations from western Europe to (1941), 16, 17; postal ‘link’ in, 18; events in (during 1942), 19, 20; deportations to Chelmno from (1942), 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; a false assurance concerning, 28; a letter to, about Chelmno death camp, 29; a suicide in, 30; fate of a boy from, at Sobibor, 31; and news of a deportation reaches, 32; hangings of Jews in, publicly, 33; work in, and survival, 34; death of a philanthropist from, 35; two Jews hanged in, 36; renewed deportations from 37; Jews sent to, from Lask, 38; ‘we wait for a better tomorrow’, 39; a hospital deportation from, 40; Jews from, in Dzialoszyce, 41; Jewesses brought to, and shot (1942), 42; clothing sent from, causes complaints (1943), 43; a deportation train passes through, 44; a further deportation from, 45; and prospect of ‘enormous danger’ in, 46; execution of an escapee from, 47; suicide of a doctor from, 48; ‘rumours’ in, 49; further clothing reaches, 50; the ‘inevitable starvation’ in (1944), 51; and a ‘children’s action’ in (April 1944), 52; clothes from those murdered at Auschwitz despatched to, 53; renewed deportations from (June 1944), 54; wrist watches of murdered deportees returned to, 55; hope and foreboding in, 56; the final deportations from (August 1944), 57, 58, 59; fate of a ‘respected citizen’ from, and his son, 60; fate of a woman and two children from, 61; liberation of a woman from (1945), 62; a suicide in, after liberation, 63; deaths on the way from, after liberation (1946), 64; deaths on the way to, after liberation, 65; an appeal from, to help record the history of ‘the dreadful Jewish catastrophe’, 66; a Jew from, killed in action with the United States Army (1944), 67 n. 68
Loewenberg (a bearded Jew): shot (1939), 1
Lohse, Reich Commissar Hinrich: anti-Jewish decrees of (15 August 1941), 1; halts an execution (15 November 1941), 2; told to expect ‘clarification’ of the ‘Jewish question’ (18 December 1941), 3; a report to (1942), 4
Lomza: defiance at, 1
London: a protest in (1933), 1 n. 2; suicide of two Jews in (1942), 3; death of a Jew from, at Auschwitz, 4; effects of broadcasts from, debated (1942), 5; information about the deportations reaches (1942), 6, 7; a message from Warsaw to (1943), 8; a suicide in (1943), 9; a Jewess from, deported to Auschwitz with her son (1944), 10; news of fate of Hungarian Jews reaches, 11; horrors seen by men from, 12
Lopatyn, Berl: his courage, 1
Louise S (from Cluj): recalls forced labour at Birkenau, 1; escapes from a death march, 2
Löwenberg, Maurice: killed (1943), 1
Lowenburg (a Jew in Dachau): ‘horribly beaten’ (1938), 1
Lowenthal, Julius: reaches Palestine (1939), 1
Lowicz: labour camp at, 1; Jews murdered at, 2
Lowy (a Jew in Dachau): shot dead (1938), 1
Lubartow: a death march through (1940), 1; Jews deported to Belzec from (1942), 2; a Jewess survives in hiding in (1942), 3
Lubcz: fate of Jews from, 1
Lübeck: recollections of a Jew from, deported to Riga, 1; mass murder of Jews in harbour of, 2
Lubetkin, Zivia: an eye-witness of life in the Warsaw ghetto (1941), 1, 2; active in resistance, 3: hears news of mass murder, 4; discusses resistance, 5, 6; and an act of defiance, 7; and the killing of Jewish policemen, 8; and the Warsaw ghetto revolt, 9, 10, 11, 12; escapes to countryside (1944), 13; given shelter, 14; recalls the moment of liberation (1945), 15; and ‘our duty to stay with our people’, 16
Lubetzky, Polina: murdered (1941), 1 n. 2
Lubetzky, Sarah: murdered (1941), 1 n. 2
Lubiaz: slaughter at (1941), 1
Lublin: Jewish prisoners-of-war in (1939), 1; Talmudic Academy in, destroyed (1939), 2; a death march from (1940), 3, 4; Nazi Party meeting in (1941), 5; Jews deported to (1941), 6; Jews deported to Belzec from (1942), 7; tales brought by refugees from, to Warsaw, 8; trains to Belzec from, reported, 9; a visitor to, 10; a concentration camp near, 11, 12; to be linked by rail to Sobibor, 13; an escape from, 14; Jews from, deported to Majdanek, 15; Jews pass through on way to Majdanek, 16; massacre of Jews from, 17; tragic fate of a Jewish girl in hiding in, 18; anti-Jewish riots in, after liberation, 19; Jews murdered in, after liberation, 20
Lublin region: Jews deported to (1939), 1, 2; forced labour in, 3, 4; and Belzec death camp, 5, 6, 7, 8; a letter smuggled from, 9; further deportations from, 10; and the property of ‘evacuated’ Jews, 11, 12; ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre in (1943), 13
‘Lublinland’: deportations to (1939), 1, 2; help to deportees in, 3
Lucas, Eric: a witness (1938), 1; leaves Germany for Britain (1939), 2; his mother’s plea (1939), 3; asks himself after the war, ‘Can I ever grasp it?’, 4
Lucas, Isaac: his son finds a haven, 1; ‘with the help of God we shall manage’, 2
Lucas, Michael: and the Kristallnacht (1938), 1
Lucas, Sophie: her son finds a haven, 1; her plea for help, 2
Luck: murder at (1941), 1; an act of resistance near, 2; typhus at (1942), 3; a revolt at (1942), 4
Lukoml: mass murder at, as a reprisal (1941), 1
Lukow: Jews deported from (1942), 1; Jews betrayed in woods near, 2
Lunsky, Haikel: a witness to murder, 1
Luria-Klebanov, Lisa: and an episode at Babi Yar (1961), 1
Lust, Lieba: deported to Gurs, where she dies (1940), 1
Lustig, Fritz: shot (1943), 1
Luther, Martin: and the Jews, 1
Luther, Martin (of the German Foreign Ministry): 1, 2
Lutsenburg, Samson: shot (1939), 1
Lutz, Charles: protects Jews, 1, 2
Lutzinski, Jehuda: at Chelmno, 1
Luxembourg: and the German occupation (1940), 1; Jews deported from (1941), 2; and the ‘final solution’, 3; Jews from, in Lodz, deported to Chelmno (1942), 4; Jews deported to Auschwitz from, 5, 6; a Jew from, deported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz (1944), 7
Lvov (Lwow, Lemberg): killings in, 1918, 1; occupied by Soviet troops (1939), 2; occupied by German troops (1941), 3; Eichmann in (1941), 4; mass murder continues in, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; and the death camp at Belzec (1942), 10; sadism at (1942), 11; trains to Belzec from, 12; help to Jews in (1942), 13; visitors to, 14; renewed round-ups in (August 1942), 15; a Jew deported from, recalls Belzec death camp, 16; Jews from, reach Belzec, 17; Jews murdered at (1943), 18; an act of defiance, followed by reprisals, in, 19; further defiance in, 20; the fate of corpses in, 21; a final round-up in, 22; the survivors in, 23, 24
Lyons: children deported from, 1; ‘popular indignation’ in, 2; Italians prevent a deportation from, 3; Jewish resistance in region of, 4; a Jewess arrested near, 5; Jews shot near, for resistance, 6, 7; Jews in liberation battle for, 8
Lyski: Jews shot at (1945), 1
MZ: an eye-witness to mass murder, 1
Macchi, Antonio: seeks to help Jews, 1
MacDonald, Malcolm: and Jewish immigration to Palestine (1939), 1
Macedonia: deportation of Jews from, 1, 2
, 3
MacKay, Peter: hears about medical experiments carried out at Auschwitz, 1
Madagascar: rumours concerning, 1, 2
Maglione, Cardinal: rebukes Vichy authorities, 1
Maimonides: discussed (in prison), 1; cited (in Vilna), 2
Mainz: 1
Maisel, Rabbi: and the Warsaw uprising, 1
Maistriau, Robert: helps an escape, 1
Ma-Jafit, Chief Rabbi: killed (1941), 1
Majdanek: a concentration camp at, 1; gas chambers at, 2; a deportation train arrives at, 3; continuing deportations to (1943), 4; Jews sent to Sobibor from, 5; Jews deported from Paris to, 6; Jews deported from Warsaw to, 7, 8; Jews from Bialystok expect to be deported to, 9; ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre at, 10; act of defiance at, 11; Jews sent to Borki from, 12; Red Army enters (July 1944), 13; Jews from, in Warsaw, 14; a Jew from, liberated at Ebensee (1945), 15; and the ‘hope’ of revenge by inmates at, 16
Majdan Tatarski: a holding camp at, 1
Makins, Roger: and ‘retaliation’ (1938), 1
Makovsky, Yosif: escapes, 1
Makowski, Szymon: hanged (1942), 1
Malevantshik, Leibel: killed (1942), 1
Malevantshik, Shlomo: saved (1942), 1
Malkele (from Opoczno): ‘I never did anybody any harm’, 1
Malkes, Salomon: commits suicide (1942), 1
Malkinia junction: 1; a labour camp near, 2; a death camp near, 3; a deportation train passes through, 4
Maimed, Yitzhak: his act of defiance, 1; hanged (1943), 2
Maltz (from Piotrkow): murdered after liberation, 1
Maltzer, Genia: act of defiance by, 1
Maly Trostenets: a death camp at (1942), 1, 2; Jews from Theresienstadt deported to, 3; mass murder of prisoners at (1944), 4
Manaster, Arthur: born, and survives, 1
Manaster, Emil: escapes from a deportation train, 1
Manaster, Helena: in hiding, 1
Manau: and a ‘ritual murder’ charge (1934), 1
Manchester: horrors seen by men from, 1
Manchester Guardian, the: and the Jews of Berlin (1933), 1; and the Jews of German-occupied Poland (1940), 2; reports on Jews driven out of Poland after liberation (1946), 3
Manielewicz, Celina: an eye-witness to a massacre (1945), 1
Mann (a representative of Head Office for Reich Security): and ‘strict secrecy’, 1
Mannheim: a newspaper campaign in, against Jews (1935), 1; Jews deported from (1940), 2
Mansbacher, Herta: an act of defiance by (1938), 1; deported (1942), 2
Manstein, General von: issues Reichenau’s directive, 1
Marburg: a professor from, visits Belzec, 1, 2
Marcinkance: Jews seek to flee from, 1
Marco, Mario di: helps Jews, 1
Marcus, Kurt: recalls haven in Japan, 1
Mardfeld, Israel: executed (1941), 1, 2 n. 4
Margules, Fajga: shot (1941), 1, 2 n. 3
Mariampole: mass murder at (1941), 1, 2
Markish, Aharon: and plans for a revolt, 1
Markkleeberg: Jews sent to a factory at, 1
Markuszow: a warning at, 1; a mass escape from, 2, 3
Marmara, Sea of: a tragedy in (1940), 1
Marmelstein, Mojse: killed (1939), 1, 2 n. 3
Marseilles: Jews seized in (1943), 1
Marszalkowska Street (Warsaw): the ‘terror’ of (1940), 1
Masur, Norbert: Himmler’s proposal to, 1
Matisse: fate of a pupil of, 1
Matveenko (a collaborator): hanged (1941), 1
Mauthausen Concentration camp: Jews deported to (1941), 1, 2; Jews deported to (1943), 3; fate of seven Jews in, 4; Eichmann summons a meeting at (1944), 5; resistance fighters brought to, 6; ‘handle the load yourself’, 7; Jews evacuated to, 8, 9, 10; a Jew killed in, as punishment (1945), 11; last days at, 12; evacuation from, 13; liberation of, 14, 15; survivors from, murdered after liberation, 16
Max (from Lvov): ‘no longer among the living’, 1
Mayer, Moritz: deported (1942), 1
Mayerova, Chaya: shot (1942), 1
Mayo, Morenu: killed in an air raid (1944), 1
Mazamet: Jews in liberation of, 1
Mazia, Frieda: witnesses a public execution (1941), 1; recalls a deportation, and a deception (1942), 2; and a deportation ‘to new settlements’, 3; and a courageous Jew, 4
Mechanicus, Philip: recalls ‘the most fiendish’ of the deportations, 1
Meed, Vladka: see index entry for Peltel, Feigele Megalif (from Warsaw): and the Nieswiez revolt (1942), 1, 2
Meiblum, Dr: his act of courage (1942), 1; shot, 2
Meierson, Riva: shot (1942), 1
Mein Kampf (‘my struggle’): 1, 2; and the Kristallnacht (1938), 3
Mekler, David: recalls a deportation (1941), 1
Melamed, Eliezer: and a child’s concern to save his mother, 1
Melnik: a Jewess escapes to, 1
Memel: Jews flee from (1938), 1; Germans occupy (1939), 2
Men, Mrs Genia: shot (1942), 1
Menache, Michel: dies during a deportation (1944), 1
Menace-Misrahi, Mazel: deported (1943), 1
Menasche, Dr Albert: an eye-witness at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1, 2
Menasche, Lillian: a ‘musician’ at Auschwitz, 1; gassed, 2
Mendel (at Ejszyszki): and the death of a child (1941), 1
Mendelssohn: his music played in the Lodz ghetto, 1
Mengele, SS Captain, Dr Josef: at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; an eyewitness of his experiments, liberated by the Americans, 8
Menkes, Sara: an eye-witness to mass murder (1941), 1
Mennecke, Dr Fritz: and gassing of Jews (1941), 1, 2
Mennecke, Mathilde: her husband’s report to, 1
Merano: Jews deported to Birkenau from, 1
Merin, Moses: ‘royal reception’ of, 1; his confidence, 2; and survival, 3
70; deported (1943), 1
Mermelstein, Mel: deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau (1944), 1
Messiah, the: ‘at hand’, 1, 2, 3; ‘a Jew named Weisbrot’, 4
Messiah, The: a novel, lost, 1
Mexico: 1
Meyer (an SS man): helps Jews, 1
Meyer, Dr (a Jewish dentist): drowned (1933), 1
Michalowice: Jews resist deportation in, 1
Michalowski, Zvi: his escape from the pit, 1
Michner, Izaak: ‘He is dead’, 1
Michner, M.: enquires about fate of his son, 1
Miechow: Jews shot at, 1
Miedzeszyn: Jewish children murdered in (1942), 1
Miedzyrzec Podlaski: a deportation from (1942), 1; Jews from, deported to Treblinka, 2
Miedzyrzec (Volhynia): Jewish Council in (1941), 1
Miedzna: Jews shot at (1945), 1
Mielec: Jews killed in (1939), 1; Jews deported to Belzec from (1942), 2; Jews murdered at (1941), 3
Mielnica: an act of resistance at (1942), 1
Mila Street (Warsaw): and the ghetto revolt, 1, 2
Milejkowski, Dr Izrael: and the Warsaw research into hunger comes to an end, 1; commits suicide (1943), 2
Milkowski, Bezalel: his courage, and death (1942), 1
Miller, Yan: killed, with his two sisters (1944), 1
Milles, Les: Jews deported from, 1
Mills, Eric: and the ‘tragedy’ of German Jewry (1935), 1
Milos: refugees on (1940), 1
Mineralnye Vody: Jews killed at (1942), 1
Minkowski, Chaya: killed (1936), 1
Minkowski, Josef: killed (1936), 1
Minsk: death of Jews in (1941), 1, 2; an eye-witness to mass murder at (1941), 3; and poison gas plans (1941), 4; escape of Jews from, 5; German Jews deported to, 6; Soviet prisoners-of-war murdered near, 7; and the ‘final solution’, 8; Jews from Hamburg shot in (1942), 9; mass murder at (2
March 1942), 1; escapes from, 2; Jews from Vienna, deported to, 3; mass murder at, 4; a death camp established near (1942), 5; a Jewish partisan kil
led in (1943), 6; fate of a Jew born in, 7; German report on the fate of Jews in, 8; an execution in, 9; Jews deported to Sobibor from, 10; massacre at, 11; partisans in region of, 12; fate of Jews from, at Maly Trostenets (1944), 13; a memorial site at, 14
Minsk Mazowiecki: resistance in labour camp at, 1
Mir: mass murder at (1941), 1, 2 n. 3; an escape from (1942), 4
Mira, Gola: her act of defiance, 1
Miroshnik, Konstantin: and the fate of the Jews of Kiev (1941), 1
Miroshnik, Leib: ‘you’ll be reckoned with’, 1
Mirteshet: and a death train (1941), 1
Mishelevski, Elisser: shot (1941), 1
Mishelevski, Lipe: shot (1941), 1
‘Mishka the Tramp’: and an escape, 1
Misocz: mass murder at (1941), 1
Miszczak, Andrzej: and Chelmno death camp, 1
Mitau: mass murder at (1941), 1
Mlawa: a deportation through (1941), 1; Jews killed in (1942), 2
Moch (a Jew from Mannheim): in custody (1935), 1
Moennikes (a foreman): and a mass execution, 1, 2
Mogilev: escapees from, 1; executions in, 2
Mohsbock, Stanislaw: killed (1939), 1, 2 n. 3
Mokka, Shlomo: escapes from Treblinka, 1
Molczadz: mass murder in (1942), 1
Moll, SS Quartermaster-Sergeant: kills children, 1
Molotov, Vyacheslav: replaced by Stalin (1941), 1
Mongolian soldiers: prisoners-of-war, volunteers, at Treblinka, 1
Mongols: Nazis compared with, 1
Monowitz: factory and labour camp at, 1, 2, 3; postcards from, 4; ‘Our death was sure’ at, 5; last days at, 6; a death march from, 7
Montauban, Bishop of: his protest, 1
Monte Cassino: battle of, 1
Moravia: 1; Jews of, to be placed ‘ahead of the line’, 2; further deportations planned from (1942), 3
Moravska Ostrava: Jews deported from (1939), 1; a further deportation from (1943), 2
Mordowicz, Czeslaw: escapes from Auschwitz, 1, 2; fights in the Slovak uprising, but captured, 3
Morgen, Konrad: his affidavit, 1, 2 n. 3
Morgenstern, Serna: killed (1941), 1
Morocco: Jews of, 1
Morocco, Rabbi Abraham: killed (1939), 1
The Holocaust Page 113