Trestioreanu, General: orders reprisals, 1
Trieste: Jews murdered in (1943), 1
Trikkala: rescue of Jews in, 1
Tripoli: German occupation of, 1
Tromat: and a death train (1941), 1
Tsuruga (Japan): Jews land at (1940), 1
Tsymbal, Sergeant Andrei: and a largely Jewish partisan group (1944), 1
Tuchmacher, Mechel: executed (1939), 1, 2 n. 3
Tuczyn: revolt at (1942), 1
Tulchin: escapees from, 1
Tuliszkow: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941), 1, 2 n. 2
Tulkarm: two Jews killed in (1936), 1
Tunis: death of a Jew from, at Auschwitz, 1; death of a Jew on a forced march from, 2; Italians protect Jews in, 3; homes plundered in, 4
Tunisia: Jews of, 1; Jewish homes plundered in, 2
Turek: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941), 1, 2 n. 2; a deportation from (1941), 3; a Jew murdered in, after liberation (1945), 4
Turfkenitz, Shlomo: helps escapees, 1
Turkey: 1, 2; possible fate of Jews in, 3
Turkey: Greek Jews smuggled to safety in, 1; Jews allowed transit through, 2; and the Jews of Rhodes, 3
Turno: an attack on, 1
Turno, David: his barns attacked, 1; the death of his relative (1943), 2
Turobin: Jews deported to Sobibor from, 1; fate of a Jew in, reported to Warsaw, 2
Turzysk: an act of defiance in, 1
Tykocin: a Polish woman murdered at, for helping Jews, 1
Tykoczynski (a lawyer): commits suicide (1940), 1
Tyrol: liberation in, 1
Uberall, Ehud (Ehud Avriel): organizes refugees (1939), 1
Ujazdow: letter about a deportation through, 1
Ukmerge: mass murder at (1941), 1
Ukraine, the: 1, 2, 3; remaining Jews in (1942), 4; a promise to Jews at Sobibor concerning, 5; rumoured resettlement in, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; Jews in action against Germans in, 12
Ukrainians: as guards, 1; as collaborators, 2; auxiliaries, 3, 4; hoodlums, 5; militiamen, 6, 7, 8, 9; gangs, 10; local units, 11, 12, 13, 14; militia commanders, 15; and the Jews of Kiev, 16, 17; at Babi Yar, 18, 19; at Stanislawow, 20; at Chelmno, 21; at Khmelnik, 22, 23; in Minsk, 24; at Baranowicze, 25; near Wlodawa, 26; at Belzec, 27, 28, 29; on way from Zamosc to Sobibor, 30; at Sobibor, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35; at Hrubieszow, 36; in Warsaw, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42; at Treblinka, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51; warned not to hide Jews, 52; give refuge to Jews, 53, 54; at Krzemieniec, 55; at Belzec, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60; at Kielce, 61; at Sarny, 62; at Zofiowka, 63; in Dzialoszyce, 64; at Tuczyn, 65; at Korzec, 66; at Lukow, 67; outside Bialystok, 68, 69; at Kruszyna, 70; at Piotrkow, 71; during deportations from Bialystok, 72, 73, 74; at Brody, 75; at Czortkow, 76; at Szebnie camp, 77; at a camp near Trieste, 78; and the ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre, 79, 80; at Skarzysko-Kamienna, 81; Maly Trostenets, 82; and the killing of Jews after liberation, 83, 84; at Lieberose, 85; shelter Jews, 86, 87
Ullersdorf: Jews at forced labour at, 1, 2
Uman: an eye-witness to mass murder at (1941), 1; a secret link with the Ukrainian partisans at (1943), 2
Umschlagplatz (Warsaw): deportations from (1942), 1; two Jews shot on the way to, 2; and the search for work cards at, 3; a ‘dignified figure’ on the way to, 4; and the renewed deportations (January 1943), 5; and the Warsaw uprising (April 1943), 6, 7
Undulis, Yanis: helps Jews, 1
Uniejow: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941), 1, 2 n. 2; death of two Jews from (1942), 3
Union Factory (Auschwitz): Jewish forced labour at, 1; and preparations for a revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 2; evacuation of, 3
United Partisan Organization (Vilna): proclamation of, 1, 2, 3
United States: German Jews emigrate to (1933), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 n. 7; and the voyage of the St Louis (1939), 8; Jews caught on way to (1939), 9; neutral (September 1939—December 1941), 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; German fears of a ‘renewal’ of Jewry in, 15; at war with Japan, 16; inspires ‘thousands of dejected Jews’, 17; Germany declares war on (11 December 1941), 18, 19; and the North African landings (1942), 20; dollars of, sent to the Reich (1943), 21; protests about fate of Hungarian Jews (1944), 22; revulsion in (1945), 23; Jews driven to seek new homes in (1946), 24; a Jew from, visits Riga (1976), 25
United States Army: units of, reach mass graves (1945), 1, 2; enter Nordhausen, 3; enter Dachau, 4; meet survivors, 5; Jews liberated by, 6, 7, 8, 9; a refugee from Poland killed in action with, 10 n. 11
Unterbruck, Henrych: a survivor, murdered after liberation, 1
Upper Silesia: Jews protected in, 1; Jewish protection ends in (1937), 2; Jews deported to Auschwitz from (1942), 3
Uranus: reaches Iron Gates (1939), 1
Urbach, Michal: and the deportation of his son (1942), 1
Uruguay: 1
Usherowitz, Miss: murdered after liberation, 1
Ustachi movement: and the Jews, 1
Vaivara camp (Estonia): Jews deported to, 1, 2
Varna (Bulgaria): 1
Vasilevich, Alyosha: killed, in an act of vengeance, 1
Vatican: Jews given shelter in, 1
Vatican: rebukes Vichy authorities, 1; opposition to ‘German style anti-semitism’ in, 2; protection for Jews in Budapest given by, 3
Veesenmayer, SS Brigadier-General Edmund: reports on the deportation of Jews from Hungary (1944), 1, 2, 3
Venice: a Jewish child born in, deported from Italy (1944), 1
Verble, Shmuel: ‘the 1st victim’ (1941), 2
Verona: a Jewish partisan killed near, 1
Versailles, Treaty of: and the disarmament of Germany, 1; and the Rhineland, 2
Vershovsky, Major Senitsa: shot for helping Jews (1942), 1
Veselnitsky, Captain Israel: trains escapees, 1
Vichy France: anti-Jewish laws in (1940), 1, 2; a Jewess refused emigration to (1941), 3; and the deportation of Jews (1942), 4, 5; and the Allied landings in North Africa, 6
Vicinska, Stephania: and the deportation of orphans to Treblinka (1942), 1
Vienna: and Hitler (before 1914), 1; Jewish torment in (1938), 2; Jews deported from (1939), 3; Jews escape from, 4; Jews deported from (1941), 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; further deportations from (1942), 11, 12; and the ‘final solution’, 13; further deportations planned from, 14; Jews from, at Lodz, deported to Chelmno (1942), 15; Jews from, deported to Minsk (1942), 16; a deportee from, in Kielce, 17; deportees from, at Treblinka, 18; a Jew from, deported from Paris, 19; and a train deception, 20; a Jew from, deported from Finland to Auschwitz, 21; death of a Jewess from, at Theresienstadt, 22; a Christian woman from, recalls Dr Mengele at Auschwitz, 23; Jews from, murdered at Maly Trostenets (1944), 24; fate of a boy who had once gone for specialist medical advice to, 25; a death march from (1945), 26; a final deportation from, 27; a survivors search for memories of, 28
Vilkis, Filip: escapes, later killed in action, 1
Viliampole (Kovno): ghetto established in (15 August 1941), 1
Ville-La-Grande: a Jewess executed at (1940), 1
Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius): Jews murdered in (1919), 1; a Jewish appeal from (1933), 2; anti-Jewish riots in (1938), 3; occupied by Soviet forces (1939), 4, 5; mass murder of Jews in, after German occupation (1941), 6, 7, 8; resistance urged in (1941), 9; an ‘action’ in (1941), 10; further ‘actions’ at, 11, 12, 13, 14; news of mass murder at, reaches Warsaw, 15; only 16,000 Jews left in, 17; a Russian prisoner-of-war and a Jewess shot near, 18; visitors to, 19; possible hope for, 20; a heroine from, killed in action, 21; news of a massacre reaches (1943), 22; news of Warsaw uprising reaches, 23; and a poem about resistance, 24; and the ‘justification’ for existence of, 25; flight from a camp near, and reprisals, 26; growth of resistance in, 27; collapse of resistance in, 28, 29; reprisals in, 30; deportations from, to Estonia, 31, 32; deportations to Majdanek from, 33; Jewish partisan groups in region of, 34; events on the eve of liberation (1944), 35; liberation of, 36; fate of deportees from, 37; a Jew sets off from, to Palestine,
38; survivors from, escape in the Black Forest, 39
Vinnitsa: mass murder at (1941), 1; a decision for mass murder at (1941), 2; resistance near (1941), 3; an eye-witness to mass murder at (1941), 4; mass murder at, 5
Virbalis: mass murder in (1941), 1
‘Virtuti Militari’, cross of: won by several Jews (August 1944), 1
Vistula river: Jews driven across (1940), 1; Jews drowned in (1942), 2; Red Army approaches (1944), 3; Jewish women die on banks of, 4
Vitebsk: death of Jews on way to (1941), 1; fate of a Jew born in, 2
Vittel: Jewish deportees at, 1; Jews deported to Auschwitz from, 2, 3, 4
Vladivostok: 1, 2
Vogel, David: deported to his death (1944), 1
Volarsky, Mordechai: wishes he were ‘the last victim’, on eve of his death (April 1942), 1
Volhyn: editorial advice of, 1
Volhynia, the: 1; mass murder in (1941), 2; visitors to (1942), 3; mass murder in, and escapes (1942), 4
Volksdeutsch: see index entry for Ethnic Germans
Volos: rescue of Jews of, 1
Vosges, the: fate of a Jew who fought in, 1
Voss (a farmer): gives refuge, then seeks to betray, 1
Vrba, Rudolf: an eye-witness of the arrival of deportees at Auschwitz, 1, 2, 3; and the ‘Canada’ sorting huts, 4; and the arrival of mental defectives from Holland, 5; and the ‘death cry of thousands of young women’, 6; escapes from Auschwitz, 7, 8; fights in the Slovak uprising, 9
Wagner (a baker): ‘terrified’, 1
Wagner (an SS-man): at Sobibor, 1
Wagrowiec: indignities against a Jewish prisoner-of-war in (1939), 1
Wajnreb, Captain: murdered, after liberation, 1
Wajntraub, Abraham: murdered, after liberation, 1
Waksszul, Ephraim: shot (1942), 1
Wald, Aaron: recalls a medical experiment, 1
Waldman, Yaakov: escapes (1942), 1; killed after liberation (1945), 2
‘Waldsee’: and a deportation deception, 1
Wallach, Jaffa: saved by a Pole, 1; her brother finds refuge with the same Pole. 2
Wallach, Norris: saved by a Pole, 1
Wallenberg, Raoul: protects Jews, 1701, 1, 2, 3; dissappears, 4
Walowa Street (Warsaw): corpses at (1943), 1
Walter (a Viennese): helps Jews, 1
Waluszewska, Ludmila: her father shelters Jews, 1; plants a tree in her father’s honour, 2 n. 3
Waniewo: Poles killed for helping Jews at, 1
Wannsee: conference at (20 January 1942), 1, 2, 3, 4; a participant at, in Riga, 5; continuing secrecy of decisions made at, 6; and the death of Heydrich, 7
War Refugee Board: and the attempt to protect the Jews of Hungary (1944), 1
Warhaftig, Zerah: and Jews who ‘died as Jews’ after liberation, 1
Warsaw: collection of historical material in (1933), 1; anti-Jewish legislation in (1936), 2; anti-Jewish riots in (1938), 3; German bombs fall on (1939), 4; and the first weeks of war (1939), 5, 6; a Jew shot in (21 October 1939), 7; Jewish Council established in, 8; fate of Jews in (1939), 9, 10, 11; and the ‘poison cup’, 12; starvation in (1940), 13; reprisals in (1940), 14; and the forced labour decree, 15; Jews from Cracow deported to (1940), 16; ‘King Chaim’ visits, 17; ghetto established in (1940), 18; continued anti-Jewish violence in (1940), 19, 20; Jews deported to (1941), 21; events in (during 1941), 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; account of mass murder at Ponar reaches (1941), 28; threats and reality in (1941), 29; acceleration of starvation in, 30, 31; ‘a new breath of hope in’, 32; deaths in, 33, 34, 35; and the ‘final solution’, 36, 37; starvation in (1942), 38, 39; rumours of resistance reach, 40; news of the death camp at Chelmno reach, 41; children sent to safety of ‘Aryans’ in 42; rumours of an ‘extermination squad’ in, 43; a Gestapo raid on, 44; further executions in (27 April 1942), 45; a festive day in (5 May 1942), 46; a ‘good mood’ in (8 May 1942), 47; four Jews shot in (12 May 1942), 48; Gestapo actions in (May 1942), 49; a ‘bloody week’ in, 50; Jewish policemen shot in, 51; Jewish historians active in, 52, 53, 54, 55; a mutiny, and a reprisal in, 56; a Jewish lawyer from, and the Nieswiez revolt, 57, 58; a children’s performance in, 59; deportations to Treblinka from, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65; an act of defiance in, 66; Jews from, in Dzialoszyce, 67; a setback to resistance in, 68; a thousand Jews killed in the streets of (6 September 1942), 69; the truth about Treblinka published in (20 September 1942), 70; and research into hunger in, comes to an end, 71; preparation for resistance in, 72; messengers from, 73; Council for Assistance to the Jews established (4 December 1942), 74; fate of a Jew from, noted on a postcard, 75; a prayer written in, 76; a German raid on, for renewed deportations (January 1943), 77; Jewish resistance in (January 1943), 78; fate of a deportee from, 79; revolt in (April 1943), 80; five Poles shot near, for helping Jews, 81; twenty-seven Jewish women shot in (10 August 1943), 82; sixty-two Jews in hiding, found and shot (December 1943), 83; many Jews caught and killed in (January 1944), 84; a further mass execution in (March 1944), 85; thirty-eight Jews betrayed in, 86; death of Ringelblum in, 87; more than a hundred Jews shot in (6 April 1944), 88; fifteen Jewish women shot in (11 May 1944), 89; a Jewess from, murdered at Oradour, 90; a further mass execution at (July 1944), 91; the Polish uprising in (August 1944), 92; seven Jews killed in (October 1944), 93; the moment of liberation in (January 1945), 94; a Jewess from, too weak to survive liberation, 95; a deportee from, hides evidence of mass murder, and is ‘going away calmly’, 96, 97 n. 98
Warthebrucken (Kolo): an alleged camp near, 1
Warta: nine Jews hanged in (1942), 1
Warthegau: Jews expelled from (1939), 1, 2; Jews deported to Chelmno from (1941), 3, 4
Washington, D.C.: news of mass murder reaches, 1; and the relatives of a Jewish child in, 2; news of mass murder of Hungarian Jews at Auschwitz reaches, 3
Wasserman, Yitshak: his partisan group destroyed, 1
Wawer: reprisals in (1939), 1
Wdowinski, David: recalls fate of Jews in Warsaw, 1, 2, 3; and the death of a Jewish child, 4; recalls Budzyn labour camp, 5; his family massacred, 6; pleads after the war, ‘Leave us be’, 7
Weber, SS First-Lieutenant: and medical experiments, 1
Weberman, Raya: survives in hiding, 1
Wegrow: rabbi of, killed (1939), 1; a Jew from, escapes from Treblinka, 2
Wegrowiec: indignities against a Jewish prisoner-of-war in (1939), 1
Weimar Republic: 1, 2; fate of lawyers from courts of (1933), 3
Weinberg, Adolf: his courage, 1
Weinberg, Genia: and the Palmnicken massacre, 1; survives, 2
Weinbergowa (of Lvov): and the death of her child, 1
Weinryb, Menachem: recalls a death march (1945), 1
Weinstein, Batya: murdered after liberation (1945), 1
Weinstock, Tova: her selflessness, 1
Weinstock, Yeshayahu: his selflessness, 1
Weintraub, Abraham: shot (1941), 1
Weisbrot, Captain: ‘Our Messiah’, 1
Weiss, Ernst: commits suicide (1940), 1
Weiss, Martin: kills an eleven-year-old girl (1941), 1
Weiss, Reska: recalls a scene of ‘horror’, 1
Weissblum, Giza: helps a revolt, 1
Weliczker, Leon: an eye-witness of events in Lvov, 1, 2; and the digging up and burning of corpses, 3; and the fate of mothers and children at Janowska camp, 4; escape from Janowska, 5
Weltman (of Baranowicze): murdered (1941), 1
Weltsch, Robert: and the Star of David (1933), 1
Werner, Hersh: and Jewish self-defence near Wlodawa (1942), 1; and the death of a Jew in hiding (1943), 2
Wessely, Charles: seeks a haven for his son (1939), 1
Wessely, Rudolf: finds asylum in Britain (1939), 1; unable to trace his parents after the war, 2
Westerbork: Jews deported to Auschwitz from, 1, 2
Western Galicia: deportations to Belzec from, 1
Wetzel, Alfred: and poison gas, 1
Wetzler, Alfred
: escapes from Auschwitz, 1, 2
‘Where Is My Home’ (Czech National anthem): sung on threshold of death, 1
White Russia (Byelorussia): 1, 2; German decree in (15 August 1941), 3; a reprisal in, and its impact (September 1941), 4; defiance of local population in, 5; remaining Jews of (1942), 6; Jewish partisans in, 7, 8; Jews helped by a woman in, 9
White Russians: killed (1941), 1; and the ‘Ravens’ among (1942), 2; police, surround a ghetto, 3, 4; at Maly Trostenets (1944), 5
White, T. W.: and Jewish refugees (1938), 1
Widawa: the rabbi of, killed (1939), 1
Widawski, Chaim: commits suicide (1944), 1
Wider, Zvi: commits suicide (1943), 1
Wieder, Emil: deported to Auschwitz (1940), 1
Wiernik, Jankiel (Yankel): an eye-witness at Treblinka, 1, 2
Wieruszow: Jews executed in (1939), 1
Wierzbica: Poles shot for sheltering Jews (1943), 1
Wiesbaden: a Jew shot in (1933), 1
Wigodsky, Dr Jacob: and the fight for ‘equal rights’ (1933), 1; urges resistance (1941), 2; killed (1941), 3, 4
Wijsmuller-Meijer, Geertruida: rescues Jews (1940), 1
Wille, SS Sergeant: attacked by a Jew, 1
Wilner (in Warsaw): shot (1942), 1
Wilner, Aryeh: and a setback to resistance in Warsaw, 1; in the Warsaw ghetto revolt, 2
Wiltchinski, Mechel: at Chelmno, 1
Wind, Halina: rescued, 1; on the day of liberation, 2
Winiary: murdered Jews buried near (1941), 1
Winkelmann, SS Major-General Otto: and the arrests in Budapest (of 1 March 1944), 2, 3 n. 3
Winterswijk: Jews given shelter in, 1
Winterton, Lord: and Jewish refugees (1939), 1
Wippern, SS Captain: reports on currency taken from Jews, 1, 2 n. 3
Wirth (at Auschwitz): and medical experiments, 1
Wirth, Christian: and the construction of gas chambers, 1, 2; and the murder of twenty-five Jews at Sobibor, 3; his guest at Belzec, 4; ‘furious’, 5; and ‘the weight of the gold’, 6
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