by Dan Jones
Nicholson, Helen, ed. The Military Orders: Welfare and Warfare. Farnham: Ashgate, 1998.
——— On the Margins of Crusading: The Military Orders, the Papacy and the Christian World. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
O’Callaghan, Joseph F. Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002.
Perry, Guy. John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople, c. 1175–1237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Phillips, Jonathan. Defenders of the Holy Land: Relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119–1187. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
——— The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007.
Phillips, Jonathan and Hoch, Martin, ed. The Second Crusade: Scope and Consequences. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001.
Piquet, Jules. Des Banquiers au moyen âge: les Templiers. Étude de leurs opérations financières. Paris: Hachette, 1939.
Powell, James M. Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213–1221. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986.
Pryor, John H., ed. Logistics of Warfare in the Age of the Crusades: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.
Read, Piers Paul. The Templars. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999.
Reilly, Bernard F. The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031–1157. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.
Riley-Smith, Louise and Jonathan. The Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095–1274. London: Edward Arnold, 1981.
Russell, Frederick H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
Sadeque, S. F. Baybars I of Egypt. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1956.
Sargent-Baur, Barbara Nelson, ed. Journeys Towards God: Pilgrimage and Crusade. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1992.
Schein, Sylvia. Fideles Crucis: The Papacy, The West and the Recovery of the Holy Land, 1274–1314. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Schenk, Jochen. Templar Families: Landowning Families and the Order of the Temple in France, c. 1120–1307. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Segal, J. B. Edessa: ‘The Blessed City’. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Sharon, M., ed. Studies in Islamic History and Civilization in Honour of Professor David Ayalon. Jerusalem: Cana, 1986.
Smail, R. C. Crusading Warfare, 1097–1193. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Smith, Katherine Allen. War and the Making of Medieval Monastic Culture. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2011.
Stalls, Clay. Possessing the Land: Aragón’s Expansion into Islam’s Ebro Frontier under Alfonso the Battler, 1104–1134. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Thorau, Peter and Holt, P. M., trans. The Lion of Egypt: Sultan Baybars I and the Near East in the Thirteenth Century. London and New York: Longman, 1992.
Tobin, Stephen. The Cistercians: Monks and Monasteries of Europe. London: Herbert Press, 1995.
Tolan, John V. Saint Francis and the Sultan: The Curious History of a Christian–Muslim Encounter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Tyerman, Christopher. God’s War: A New History of the Crusades. London: Penguin, 2006.
Upton-Ward, Judith M., ed. The Military Orders: Volume 4, On Land and by Sea. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008.
Van Cleve, Thomas Curtis. The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Immutator Mundi. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
Woodacre, Elena. Queens Regnant of Navarre: Succession, Politics and Partnership, 1274–1512. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Articles
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. ‘Mamluk Perceptions of the Mongol–Frankish Rapprochement’. Mediterranean History Review 7 (1992).
Barber, Malcolm. ‘The Origins of the Order of the Temple’. Studia Monastica 12 (1970).
——— ‘The Social Context of the Templars’. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, fifth series, 34 (1984).
Brown, Elizabeth A. R. ‘The Prince Is Father of the King: The Character and Childhood of Philip the Fair of France’. Medieval Studies 49, no. 1 (1987).
Brundage, James A. ‘The Crusader’s Wife Revisited’. Studia Gratiana 14 (1967).
Cassidy-Welch, Megan. ‘“O Damietta!”: War, Memory and Crusade in Thirteenth-Century Egypt’. Journal of Medieval History 40, no. 3 (2014).
Constable, Giles. ‘The Second Crusade as Seen By Contemporaries’. Traditio 9 (1953).
Ferris, Eleanor. ‘The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown’. American Historical Review 8 (1902).
Fletcher, R. A. ‘Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050–1150’. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, fifth series, 37 (1987).
Forey, Alan. ‘The Emergence of the Military Order in the Twelfth Century’. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 36, no. 2 (1985).
——— ‘The Failure of the Siege of Damascus in 1148’. Journal of Medieval History 10, no. 1 (1984).
——— ‘Letters of the Last Two Templar Masters’. Nottingham Medieval Studies 45 (2001).
——— ‘Were the Templars Guilty, Even if They Were Not Heretics or Apostates?’ Viator 42, no. 2 (2011).
Frale, Barbara. ‘The Chinon Chart: Papal Absolution to the Last Templar, Master Jacques de Molay’. Journal of Medieval History 30, no. 2 (2004).
Franceschi, Francesco, Bernabei, Robert, Malfertheiner, Peter, and Gasbarrini, Giovannia. ‘The Diet of Templar Knights: Their Secret to Longevity?’ Digestive and Liver Disease 46, no. 7 (2014).
Gilmour-Bryson, Anne. ‘Sodomy and the Knights Templar’. Journal of the History of Sexuality 7, no. 2 (1996).
Hamilton, Bernard. ‘Knowing the Enemy: Western Understanding of Islam at the Time of the Crusades’. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 7, no. 3 (1997).
——— ‘Our Lady of Saidnaiya: An Orthodox Shrine Revered by Muslims and Knights Templar at the Time of the Crusades’. Studies in Church History 36 (2000).
Harari, Yuval. ‘The Military Role of the Frankish Turcopoles: A Reassessment’. Mediterranean Historical Review 12 (1997).
Jackson, Peter. ‘The Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260’. English Historical Review 95 (1980).
——— ‘The Crusades of 1239–41 and Their Aftermath’. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 50, no. 1 (1987).
Jacoby, Zehava. ‘The Tomb of Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem (1185–1186), and the Workshop of the Temple Area’. Gesta 18, no. 2 (1979).
Joserand, Philippe. ‘The Templars in France: Between History, Heritage, and Memory’. Mirabilia: Electronic Journal of Antiquity and Middle Ages 21 (2015).
Kedar, Benjamin Z. ‘On the Origins of the Earliest Laws of Frankish Jerusalem: The Canons of the Council of Nablus, 1120’. Speculum 74 (1999).
Khamisy, Rabei G. ‘The Templar Estates in the Territory of Acre’. Ordines Militares 18 (2013).
Lee, John S. ‘Landowners and Landscapes: The Knights Templar and Their Successors at Temple Hirst, Yorkshire’. Local Historian 41 (2011).
Lotan, Shlomo. ‘The Battle of La Forbie and Its Aftermath – Reexamination of the Military Orders’ Involvement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Mid-Thirteenth Century’. Ordines Militares 12 (2012).
Lourie, Elena. ‘The Confraternity of Belchite, the Ribat, and the Templars’. Viator. Mediaeval and Renaissance Studies 13 (1982).
——— ‘The Will of Alfonso I, “El Batallador”, King of Aragón and Navarre: A Reassessment’. Speculum 50, no. 3 (1975).
Mayer, Hans Eberhard. ‘The Concordat of Nablus’. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 33, no. 4 (1982).
Mechoulan, Stéphane. ‘The Expulsion of the Jews from France in 1306: A Modern Fiscal Analysis’. Journal of European Economic History 33, no. 3 (2006).
Meyvaert, Paul. ‘An Unknown Letter of Hulagu, Il-Khan of Persia,
to King Louis IX of France’. Viator 11 (1980).
Nicolle, David C. ‘The Reality of Mamluk Warfare: Weapons, Armour and Tactics’. Al-Masāq 7 (1994).
O’Banion, Patrick J. ‘What Has Iberia to Do with Jerusalem? Crusade and the Spanish Route to the Holy Land in the Twelfth Century’. Journal of Medieval History 34, no. 4 (2008).
Pringle, Denys. ‘The Templars in Acre c. 1150–1291’. Bulletin for the Council for British Research in the Levant 2 (2007).
Prutz, Hans. ‘Ein Zeitgenössisches Gedicht über die Belagerung Accons’. Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte 21 (1881).
Pryor, John H. ‘Two Excitationes for the Third Crusade: The Letters of Brother Thierry of the Temple’. Mediterranean Historical Review 25 (2010).
Rother, Joachim. ‘Embracing Death, Celebrating Life: Reflections on the Concept of Martyrdom in the Order of the Knights Templar’. Ordines Militares 19 (2014).
Sayous, André-E. ‘Les Mandats de Saint Louis sur son trésor et le mouvement international des capitaux pendant la Septième Croisade (1248–1254)’. Revue Historique 167 (1931).
Sivan, Emmanuel. ‘La Genèse de la contre-croisade: un traité damasquin du début du XIIe siècle’. Journal asiatique 254 (1966).
Slavin, Philip. ‘Landed Estates of the Knights Templar in England and Wales and Their Management in the Early Fourteenth Century’. Journal of Historical Geography 42 (2013).
Smail, R. C. ‘Crusaders’ Castles of the Twelfth Century’. The Cambridge Historical Journal 10 (1952).
Smith, Thomas W. ‘Between Two Kings: Pope Honorius III and the Seizure of the Kingdom of Jerusalem by Frederick II in 1225’. Journal of Medieval History 41 (2015).
Sneddon, Jonathan. ‘Warrior Bishops in the Middle Ages’. Medieval Warfare 3, no. 2 (2013).
Telfer, Alison. ‘Locating the First Knights Templar Church’. London Archaeologist 10, no. 1 (2002).
Tsurtsumia, Mamuka. ‘Commemorations of Crusaders in Manuscripts of the Monastery of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem’. Journal of Medieval History 38 (2012).
Warren, F. M. ‘The Battle of Fraga and Larchamp in Orderic Vitalis’. Modern Philology 11 (1914).
Unpublished Theses
Crawford, Paul. ‘An Institution in Crisis: The Military Orders, 1291–1310’. PhD diss., University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1998.
Peixoto, M. J. ‘Templar Communities in Medieval Champagne: Local Perspectives on a Global Organization’. PhD diss., New York University, 2013.
Index
Abbas 120–2, 142
Abd al-Zahir 299
Abdallah 150–1
Abengenia (Yahya ibn–Ghaniya) 61
Abingdon Chronicle 34
Abu Ishaq al-Ghazzi 107
Abu Shama 156, 157–8
Abu Ya’qub Yusef 206
Abu-Yahya 230
Acre 22, 29, 97, 99, 128, 195, 197–9, 304
Council of 101–2
and Frederick II Hohenstaufen 260, 261, 263, 267–9
and Louis IX’s crusade 293, 294
Mamluk conquest of 320–5, 327, 339
siege of 198–210
Templar properties 197–8, 268, 320, 321
William of Beaujeu on 318–19
Adalia 89, 93, 94–5
Adrian IV, Pope 124–5
Afonso I Henriques, king of Portugal 72–3, 85, 130–1
Agnes of Courtenay 134
Ahmad (nephew of Taqi al-Din) 157
Aimery of La Roche 325–6
Aimery of Lusignan 196, 198
Aimo of Oiselay 344, 373
al-Adid, caliph 142–3, 147
al-Adil (Saphadin) 213, 214, 231–2, 234, 241, 245
al-Afdal 176, 187, 231
al-Andalus (Muslim states in southern Spain) 60, 85
al-Ashraf Khalil, sultan 241, 253, 262, 320–1, 324, 326
al-Aziz Uthman 231
al-Din, Imad 163
al-Fadil, al-Qadi 165
al-Fa’iz 142
al-Kamil (Meledin) 241, 242, 245, 252, 253–4, 261–2, 263
peace treaties with Christians 249–40, 255–6, 263–7, 276
al-Mansur, caliph 237
al-Mansurah 255, 284, 285–91, 294, 300
al-Mu’azzam (Coradin) 241, 252–3, 261, 263
al-Muqadassi 99
al-Nasir 261
al-Salih Ayyub 276–7, 278, 282, 283, 284, 299
al-Salih Isma’il 277
al-Sulami, Ali ibn Tahir 27
al-Zafir, caliph 120, 121, 122
al-Zahir Ghazi 231
Alan Martel 254, 256
Alarcos, battle of 237
Albert of Aachen 30
Albigensian Crusade 361
Aleppo 30, 100, 101, 109, 134–5, 147, 241, 303
Alexander III, Pope 167–8, 226–7
Alexandria 138, 141, 239, 284, 401
Alexios I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 86
Alexios III, Byzantine emperor 232
Alfonso the Battler, king of Aragon 58, 59–63, 65, 73–4, 75
Almohads 206, 230, 233, 236, 237, 304
Almoravids 61
Alphonse, count of Poitiers 274, 291
Alvítiz, Pedro 238
Amadeus, Brother 301
Amalric of Jerusalem, King 133–4, 135, 136, 137–8, 139–41, 142, 143–5, 156, 205, 207, 271
and the Assassins 149, 150, 151
death 153, 176
and Walter of Mesnil 151–2
Amalric of Lusignan 373–4
Amalric of Tyre 332
Amanus mountains 64
Ambrose, St 33
Amio of Ays 205, 206
Andrew of Hungary, king 240
Andrew of Montbard 108–9, 109–10, 118, 135
Anglo–Saxon Chronicle 48, 63
Anna Komnene 34
Antioch 21, 22, 30, 31, 32, 34, 64, 86, 95, 96, 109, 110, 128, 129, 134, 138, 139, 154, 168, 189, 198, 199, 253, 269, 303
Baybars’ capture of 315–16
and the Field of Blood 30–2
and the Second Crusade 85, 86, 95
Antioch, Principality of 5, 22, 64, 85, 100, 128, 148, 149, 269, 271
anti-Semitism 349
Aragon 58, 59–63, 73–4, 130, 131, 228–30, 331–2, 347, 367, 400
persecution of Templars in 375, 389, 390
Archumbald, Hospitaller master 188
Armand of Périgord 271–2, 278
Armengaud of Asp 183, 200
Arnaud Novelli 395
Arnaud of Auch 395
Arnold of Torolla 168–9, 171, 172, 173, 205, 222
Arnulf, patriarch of Jerusalem 29
Arsuf, battle of 211–13
Artah, battle of 138, 139
Arthurian legends 410
Artuqids 30–1
Ascalon 22, 30, 101, 105, 138, 214
siege of 111–19
Assassins 149–51, 215
‘Assassin’s Creed’ video game 411
Augustine of Hippo, St 33
Avignon papacy 375, 376, 394
Aycelin, Gilles 381
Ayyubid dynasty/sultans 146, 231, 264, 270, 271, 291, 293, 300, 302
empire 232, 241, 261, 262, 299
standard 245
Baldwin I, king of Jerusalem 11, 18, 22, 29, 40, 70
Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem 29, 30, 32, 34, 35–6, 40, 63, 64, 100, 106, 109
and support for the Templars 44–5, 46, 47, 48, 49
Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem 99, 111–12, 114, 118, 135
death 133–4, 204
Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem 5, 153–4, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 167
death 170–1
Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem 170–1, 173–4
Baldwin Calderon 82
Balian of Ibelin 162, 185–6, 191
banking 233, 272, 292
rise of Italian 349
Banyas 153, 161–2, 163
Barons’ Crusade 269–70
Bartholomew of Quincy 333
Baybars 299–300, 302–3, 304–9, 314–18, 32
6
Beaufort castle 314–15
Becket, Thomas 181, 221
Bede, Venerable 23
Belchite, Confraternity of 73
Benedict XI, Pope 347
Benedictine monks 42–3
Bernard, count of Laon 61
Bernard of Clairvaux 2, 4, 42–3, 49, 75, 100, 108, 179, 233
and the Council of Troyes 50, 51
De Laude 56–8, 84, 408
death 113
and the papacy 65, 67
and papal support for the Templars 44–5
and the Second Crusade 82, 83
Bernard of Thiron, Saint 44
Bernard of Tremelay 113, 115, 116–17, 118, 119
Bernard of Valence 32, 34
Bertrand of Blancfort 124, 135–6, 138–9, 144, 145, 149, 162
Bertrand of Got see Clement V, Pope
Bertrand of Sartiges 383
Bertrand of Thessy 262
Bethgibelin fortress 112
Bethlehem 21, 24, 57
Bilbays 138, 144
Blanche of Castile 274, 280, 295
Blanche, queen of Aragon 353
Blanchegarde castle 112
Blois, county of 70, 72
Boccaccio, Giovanni
De Casibus Vivorum Illustrium 410–11
Bohemond III, prince of Antioch 138
Bohemond VI, prince of Antioch 303, 315–16, 328
Bohemond VII, prince of Antioch 328
Boniface VIII, Pope 330–1, 342, 346–7, 351, 363, 369
Brancacci, Landolf 377
Breivik, Anders Behring 413–14
Brisebarre, Walter 139
Brown, Dan 412
Burlus 250
Byzantine empire 19, 85, 86
see also entries for individual emperors
Caballeros Templarios, Los (twenty-first century Mexican cartel) 414–15
Cadmus, Mount 89–90, 91–2
Caesarea 22, 25, 209, 210, 304, 305, 309
Cairo see Egypt
Calatrava, Order of 6–7, 131, 237
Carthusian monks 43
Castel Blanc (Safita) 129
Castile–León 130, 131–2, 230, 237, 390
Cathars 304, 361, 412
Celestine II, Pope
Milites Templi 67–8
Celestine V, Pope 330
Chahinchah 157–8
Châlus-Chabrol castle 224
Champagne, county of 36, 42, 45, 48, 49, 50, 72, 118, 228, 235, 260, 269
Charlemagne 345
Charles II, king of Naples 331, 370
Charles II, king of Spain 403