Born Fighting
Page 35
49. Ibid., p. 93.
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50. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 126.
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51. See Fischer, Albion’s Seed, pp. 618–30.
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52. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 127.
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53. Ibid., p. 125.
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54. Churchill, The New World, pp. 338–39.
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55. See Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, pp. 164–68.
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56. Ibid., pp. 146–47.
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57. Foster, Modern Ireland, pp. 157–59.
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58. Ibid., p. 147.
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59. Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, vol. 3, The Age of Revolution (New York: Dorset Press, 1990), p. 9.
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60. Foster, Modern Ireland, p. 140.
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61. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, pp. 129–30.
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62. See Brian Walker, “Remembering the Siege of Derry,” in William Kelly, ed., The Sieges of Derry (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001); Ian McBride, The Siege of Derry in Ulster Protestant Mythology (Dublin, 1977); Philip Dwyer, Siege (1893); and Thomas Witherow, Derry and Enniskillen in the Year 1689 (1885).
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63. Foster, Modern Ireland, p. 156.
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64. See ibid., p. 148.
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65. Ibid., p. 272.
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66. Ibid., p. 162.
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67. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 166.
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68. Ibid., p. 175; Fischer, Albion’s Seed, p. 787.
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69. Smout, A History of the Scottish People, pp. 92, 224.
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70. “A Hotbed of Genius,” The Economist, January 22, 1983, p. 83.
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PART FOUR: THE SPIRIT OF A REVOLUTION
1. Ned Landsman, Scotland and Its First American Colony, 1683–1765 (Princeton University Press, 1985), p. 46, quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 665.
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2. Landsman, quoted in Fischer, Albion’s Seed, p. 666.
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3. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, p. 667.
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4. James G. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish: A Social History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), p. 185.
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5. Ibid., p. 183.
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6. Gaius Jackson Slosser, ed., They Seek a Country: The American Presbyterians (New York: Macmillan, 1955), p. 8.
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7. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, pp. 666–67.
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8. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 237.
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9. Ibid., pp. 238–41. See also Ian McBride, The Siege of Derry in Ulster Protestant Mythology (Dublin, 1977).
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10. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 244.
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11. Taken from Frederick B. Tolles, James Logan and the Culture of Provincial Pennsylvania (1957).
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12. Cited in John H. Finley, The Coming of the Scot (New York, 1940), pp. 58–59, quoted in Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, pp. 191–92.
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13. George Chambers, A Tribute to the Principles, Virtues, Habits and Public Usefulness of the Irish and Scotch Early Settlers of Pennsylvania (Chambersburg, 1856), p. 10, quoted in Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 192.
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14. Daniel Rupp, History and Topography of Northumberland, Huntington, Mifflin, Union, Columbia, Juniata, and Clinton Counties, Pa. (Lancaster, 1847), p. 17, quoted in Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 193.
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15. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 199.
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16. Ibid.
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17. John Dalzell, “The Scotch-Irish in Western Pennsylvania,” Proceedings of the Second Scotch-Irish Congress, p. 175, quoted in Whitelaw Reid, The Scot in America and the Ulster Scot (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1912), p. 31.
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18. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 196.
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19. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, pp. 748–49.
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20. Ibid., p. 787.
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21. 1911 Encyclopedia, statistics at www.1911encyclopedia.org
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22. Ibid.
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23. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 201.
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24. See generally Ibid., pp. 201–5; see also www.1911encyclopedia.org at Virginia.
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25. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, pp. 201–5.
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26. Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, vol. 3, The Age of Revolution (New York: Dorset Press, 1990), p. 133.
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27. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 213.
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28. John Solomon Otto, The Southern Frontiers, 1607–1860 (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989), p. 65.
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29. Patrick Griffin, “The People with No Name: Ulster’s Migrants and Identity Formation in Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania,” William and Mary Quarterly 58, no. 3 (July 2001).
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30. Penn MSS, Official Correspondence, 1683–1727, II, 145, quoted in Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 330.
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31. R. D. W. Connor, Race Elements in the White Population of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1920), p. 83, quoted in Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 215.
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32. Reid, The Scot in America, p. 28.
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33. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, pp. 330–31.
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34. R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 (London: Penguin Books, 1989), p. 216.
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35. See www.1911encyclopedia.org at Virginia.
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36. Bernard Bailyn, Voyagers to the West (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), p. 26.
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37. Ibid., pp. 30–31.
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38. Ibid., p. 37.
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39. Ibid., p. 40.
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40. James Anthony Froude, The English in Ireland (London, 1872), vol. 1, p. 392, quoted in Reid, The Scot in America, p. 35.
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41. T. C. Smout, A History of the Scottish People, 1560–1830 (London: Fontana/Collins, 1981), p. 43.
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42. Foster, Modern Ireland, p. 216.
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43. Charles Woodmason, The Carolina Backcountry on the Eve of the Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953), p. 14.
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44. Ibid., p. 60.
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45. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, p. 644.
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46. Ibid., p. 646.
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47. Reid, The Scot in America, p. 6.
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48. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 305.
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49. Robert Leckie, The Wars of America (New York: Harper & Row, 1968), vol. 1, pp. 205–6.
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50. See Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 308.
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51. Wilma Dykeman, With Fire
and Sword: The Battle of King’s Mountain (Washington, DC, Department of the Interior Publication, 1978), p. 17.
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52. Ibid.
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53. Ibid., p. 18.
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54. Leckie, The Wars of America, vol. 1, pp. 198–99.
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55. Ibid.
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56. Dykeman, With Fire and Sword, p. 21.
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57. Leckie, The Wars of America, vol. 1, p. 199.
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58. Dykeman, With Fire and Sword, pp. 21–22.
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59. Ibid., p. 34.
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60. Ibid., pp. 35–36.
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61. Ibid., p. 37.
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62. Ibid., p. 40.
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63. Ibid., p. 49.
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64. Ibid., p. 67.
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65. Leckie, The Wars of America, vol. 1, p. 205.
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66. Ibid., p. 209.
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PART FIVE: RISE AND FALL: THE HEART OF THE SOUTH
1. James G. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish: A Social History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), p. 317.
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2. “Growth and Expansion of the United States in the Era of James Madison,” part 3, p. 2. James Madison University document, available at www.jmu.edu/madison/1810pop.htm
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3. Wilbur Cash, The Mind of the South (New York: Vintage Books, 1969), p. 27.
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4. David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 635–39.
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5. Ibid., p. 753.
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6. Ibid., p. 758.
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7. Numerous sources, as quoted in Robert V. Remini, Andrew Jackson (New York: Perennial Library, 1966), p. 19.
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8. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, p. 642.
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9. Remini, Andrew Jackson, p. 20.
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10. Ibid., p. 25.
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11. Ibid., p. 28.
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12. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, p. 775.
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13. See generally Remini, Andrew Jackson, pp. 57–61.
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14. Robert Leckie, The Wars of America (New York: Harper & Row, 1968), vol. 1, p. 273.
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15. Ibid., p. 275.
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16. Remini, Andrew Jackson, p. 61.
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17. Ibid., pp. 57–58.
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18. Leckie, The Wars of America, vol. 1, pp. 287–90.
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19. Ibid., pp. 307–13; Remini, Andrew Jackson, pp. 68–72.
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20. Remini, Andrew Jackson, p. 76.
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21. Ibid., p. 82.
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22. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Age of Jackson (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1953), p. 37.
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23. Ibid., p. 93.
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24. Joseph Nathan Kane, Facts about the Presidents (New York: H. W. Wilson, 1981), p. 57.
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25. Vernon Louis Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1958), vol. 2, pp. 146–47.
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26. London Times, November 20, 1828.
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27. Remini, Andrew Jackson, p. 103.
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28. Ibid., p. 150.
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29. Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 2, p. 149.
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30. Schlesinger, The Age of Jackson, pp. 92, 96.
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31. Ibid., pp. 74–76.
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32. Ibid., pp. 84, 86, 89.
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33. Remini, Andrew Jackson, p. 154.
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34. Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 2, p. 149.
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35. Schlesinger, The Age of Jackson, p. 90; Remini, Andrew Jackson, pp. 151–52.
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36. Schlesinger, The Age of Jackson, p. 30.
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37. Ibid., p. 97.
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38. Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 2, p. 69.
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39. Ibid., p. 70.
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40. John C. Calhoun, “A Disquisition on Government,” quoted in Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 2, p. 79.
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41. Ibid., p. 82.
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42. Numerous sources as quoted in Remini, Andrew Jackson, p. 133.
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43. Ibid., pp. 134–35.
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44. Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 2, pp. 151–52.
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45. Henry Steele Commager, ed., The Blue and the Gray (New York: Fairfax Press, 1982), p. xxxiv.
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46. Ibid., pp. xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxviii.
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47. The Tenth Amendment reads: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
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48. Schlesinger, The Age of Jackson, pp. 505–6.
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49. Neal T. Jones, ed., A Book of Days for the Literary Year (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1984), March 20, November 26.
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50. John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., From Slavery to Freedom, 7th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994), p. 123.
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51. Ibid.
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52. Cash, The Mind of the South, p. 14.
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53. Ibid., p. 55.
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54. Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 2, p. 63.
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55. Ibid., p. 64.
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56. Ibid.
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57. As quoted in the James Madison University document, “Growth and Expansion of the United States in the Era of James Madison,” part 3, p. 9. See http://www.jmu.edu/madison/1810pop.htm
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58. Cash, The Mind of the South, pp. 23–24.
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59. Ibid., p. 45.
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60. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, pp. 854–55.
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61. Ibid., pp. 856–59.
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62. South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession, quoted in Commager, The Blue and the Gray, pp. 6–7.
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63. Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative (New York: Random House, 1958), vol. 1, p. 48.
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64. Fischer, Albion’s Seed, p. 860.
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65. Douglas Southall Freeman, quoted in Commager, The Blue and the Gray, pp. xxix–xxx.
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66. James Webb, Fields of Fire (New York: Bantam, 2001), pp. 35–36.
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67. Foote, The Civil War, vol. 3, p. 1040.
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68. Commager, The Blue and the Gray, p. xxxvi.
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69. Cash, The Mind of the South, p. 32.
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70. Ibid., p. 45.
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71. See John A. Scott, ed., Living Documents in American History (New York: Washington Square Press, 1964), pp. 644–45. The Emancipation Proclamation specifically excluded much of southern Louisiana including the entire city of New Orleans, most of eastern Virginia including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and all of West Virginia, plus the Union slaveholding states of Missouri, Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky in their entirety.
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72. Professor Parrington won the Pulitzer Prize for Main Currents in American Thought in 1928, receiving two thousand dollars, double the usual prize award, for his book.
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73. Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 2, p. 84.
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74. Ibid., p. 85.
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75. Ibid., p. 88.
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76. Ibid., p. 92.
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77. Ibid., p. 91.
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78. The slave states were Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
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79. As quoted in Paul M. Angle, The Civil War Years (New York: Doubleday, 1967), p. 41.
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80. Ibid.
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81. Foote, The Civil War, vol. 1, p. 86.
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82. Ibid., p. 88.
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83. Statistics are derived from an article by Omer Addington in the Scott County, Virginia Star, March 28, 1990.
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84. See, e.g., Professor William Winston Fontaine, “The Descent of General Robert Edward Lee from Robert the Bruce, of Scotland,” papers of the Southern Historical Society, March 29, 1881.
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85. Grady McWhiney and Perry D. Jamieson, Attack and Die (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1982), p. 180.
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PART SIX: RECONSTRUCTION. DIASPORA. REEDUCATION?
1. James Webb, Fields of Fire (New York: Bantam, 2001), p. 29.
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2. Wilbur Cash, The Mind of the South (New York: Vintage Books, 1969), p. 116.
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3. Ibid., pp. 106, 114.
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4. David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 861–62.
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5. Frederick Douglass, “Reconstruction,” Atlantic Monthly, December 1866.
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6. John Hope Franklin, From Slavery To Freedom (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974), p. 280.
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