Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations (Outward Odyssey: A People's History of Spaceflight)

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Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations (Outward Odyssey: A People's History of Spaceflight) Page 58

by Jay Chladek


  Ivanchenkov, Aleksandr, 219–21, 231

  Ivanishin, Anatoli, 463

  Ivanov, Georgi, 222–23, 281

  Ivins, Marsha, 359

  Jähn, Sigmund, 220

  Japan, 269, 295, 304, 354; ISS and, 344, 429, 435, 437, 439, 442; JAXA of, 392, 429, 437, 438, 442, 445, 452; Kibo laboratory of, 423–24, 429–30, 437, 439, 453; National Space Development Agency of, 308, 341, 429

  Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 392, 429, 437, 438, 442, 445, 452

  Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), 429

  jet packs, 291–92, 404

  Jing Haipeng, 461–62

  Johnson, Caldwell, 181–82, 184, 185–86

  Johnson, Lyndon B., 16, 33

  Johnson Space Center (JSC), 114, 408; Columbia disaster and, 375–76; EVA training and, 405–6; food lab at, 433, 434, 435, 436; Skylab and, 134, 136; Spacelab and, 246, 258

  Jones, Tom, 359

  Jordell Bank Observatory, 177

  Jules Verne, 425

  Jupiter ballistic missiles, 10, 11

  Kaleri, Aleksandr “Sasha,” 322, 324, 327–28, 353, 389, 390

  Kaliningrad mission control, 150, 151, 164, 233, 281, 303, 312

  Kamanin, Nikolai, 71, 82–83, 89–90, 102, 103, 107

  KAMPSAX, 250

  Keldysh, Mstislav, 178–79, 180–81, 183

  Kelly, Jim, 392

  Kelly, Mark, 394, 429, 456–57, 467

  Kelly, Scott, 456–57, 467

  Kennedy, John F., 1, 12, 176–77

  Kennedy Space Center (KSC): ABRS and, 450–51; ASTP launch at, 200; Columbia and, 259, 373–75, 378; final space shuttle launch at, 459–60; ISS and, 347; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 317; Skylab and, 132, 133; Spacelab and, 246

  Kerimov, Kerim, 85–86

  Kerwin, Joe, 122, 132, 135, 137, 138, 140, 252, 404

  Keyhole satellites, 30, 33, 37, 55, 56

  KH-9 Hexagon satellites, 30, 37

  KH-10 satellites, 30, 33, 37, 56

  KH-11 satellites, 33

  Khrunichev factory, 76, 343

  Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, 342–43

  Khrunov, Yevgeny, 64, 69

  Khrushchev, Nikita, 15, 44–47, 50–51, 55, 59, 176–77

  Khrushchev, Sergei, 45, 51

  Kibo laboratory, 423–24, 429–30, 437, 439, 440, 453

  Kilrain, Susan, 415

  Kimbrough, Robert, 431

  Kirilenko, Andrei, 76

  Kissinger, Henry, 33–34

  Kizim, Leonid, 227–28, 235–36, 237, 273, 274

  Klimuk, Pyotr, 151, 163, 164, 165, 219

  Kolodin, Pyotr, 83, 88, 89, 90, 147

  Komarov, Vladimir, 64–65, 104

  Kondakova, Yelena, 314, 315

  Kononenko, Oleg, 425, 430, 431, 463

  Kopra, Tim, 436, 440, 441, 455

  Koptev, Yuri, 301, 306

  Korniyenko, Mikhail, 452, 453, 467

  Korolev, Sergei, 72, 93, 94, 107; about, 41, 43, 91; death of, 60–61; N1 and, 51–52; OKB-1 and, 45–46

  Korzun, Valery, 322, 323–24, 325, 326–28, 366–67

  Ko San, 425

  Kosygin, Alexei, 59–60, 188

  Kotov, Oleg, 399, 411, 412, 414, 445, 448–49, 452–53, 454

  Kovalyonok, Vladimir, 210, 219–21, 228–29

  Kozeyev, Konstantin, 365

  Krenek, Charles, 378

  Krikalev, Sergei, 345; ISS Expedition 1 and, 355, 356, 357, 360; ISS Expedition 11 and, 391, 392, 393; Mir and, 284, 285–86, 288, 296, 297, 302, 313

  Krimer, William, 181

  Kristall module, 289, 293, 294, 308, 316, 317, 321, 332–33

  KRT-10 telescope, 224

  KS-1 Kometa cruise missiles, 43

  Kubasov, Valery, 193, 204–5; ASTP and, 191, 192, 200, 201; Salyut and, 70–71, 83, 88, 89–91, 164, 226

  Kuipers, André, 390, 463

  Kurs rendezvous and docking system, 275, 332; about, 273; Kristall and, 293; Kvants and, 289, 296, 297; Progress and, 288, 329–30, 354

  Kvant 1: Mir and, 277–79, 280, 281, 284, 288, 291, 294, 297; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 316, 319, 321, 322, 326–28

  Kvant 2, 286, 287, 288–92, 290, 294–96, 294, 297, 321

  Laird, Melvin R., 33–34

  Laliberté, Guy, 442

  Lamar, James, 133

  language barriers, 184, 188, 192–93, 244, 310, 357, 435

  launchpads, 32, 37, 64, 132

  Laveykin, Aleksandr, 276, 277, 278

  Lavochkin design bureau, 301

  Lawrence, Barbara, 23

  Lawrence, Robert H., 21–23

  Lawrence, Wendy, 309, 338, 392

  Lawyer, Richard, 21, 22, 35

  Lazarev, Vasili, 151, 161–63, 198

  Lazutkin, Aleksandr “Sasha,” 325–26, 328, 330, 331, 333–34, 336–37, 407

  Leasat 3 satellites, 421

  Lebedev, Valentin, 151, 225–27, 231–32

  Lenoir, Bill, 252

  Leonardo MPLM, 360, 362, 395, 452

  Leonardo PLM, 455, 459

  Leonov, Alexei, 204; ASTP and, 191–92, 192, 193, 200, 201; Salyut and, 83, 88–91, 97, 103, 106, 147, 164, 166

  Levchenko, Anatoli, 279, 280, 282

  Ley, Willy, 6, 7

  Lichtenberg, Byron, 258, 259–60, 259, 291

  Lieberman, Scott, 377

  life-support systems: of ISS, 428, 441; Mir and, 325–26; of Orlan suit, 210; of Skylab, 125, 134; of Soyuz, 81–82

  Lind, Don, 142, 262, 263

  Lindsey, Steve, 373, 374, 394

  Linenger, Jerry, 309, 310, 311–12, 324–25, 326–28, 329–32, 337

  liquid oxygen (LOX), 46, 52, 152, 241, 286

  Liu Wang, 462

  Liu Yang, 462

  living quarters, 77, 78, 126, 309, 415

  Lockheed Martin, 343, 404

  LOK spacecraft, 55, 63

  Lonchakov, Yuri, 430, 438

  long-duration spaceflight, effects of, 13–14

  Long March CZ-2F rockets, 461

  López-Algería, Michael, 398–99

  Lord, Douglas R., 251

  Lousma, Jack, 132, 141, 146, 191

  Love, Stan, 423

  Low, George, 123, 179, 183

  LOX. See liquid oxygen (LOX)

  Lu, Edward, 351, 386, 388, 390

  Lucid, Shannon, 309, 319–20, 322

  lunar landings, 1–2

  lunar module (LM), 115–16, 119, 119

  Lunar Orbit Rendezvous, 13

  Lunney, Glynn, 181, 184

  Lyakhov, Vladimir, 221–22, 225, 233, 234–35, 282, 283

  Lyappa arms, 289–90, 290, 293, 316

  Mace, Timothy, 296

  MacLean, Steve, 397

  Macleay, Lachlan “Mac,” 21, 28, 34, 35–36

  Magnus, Sandy, 432, 437, 459

  Makarov, Oleg, 151, 161–62, 198, 214, 215, 227–28

  Malenchenko, Yuri, 351–52, 386, 388, 390, 414, 425–26

  Malenkov, Georgy, 42, 44

  Malerba, Franco, 253

  Malyschev, Yuri, 226, 235

  Manakov, Gennadi, 295, 324

  Manarov, Musa, 279, 280, 281, 283–84, 285, 295–96

  Man in Space Soonest (MISS), 12

  Man into Space, 1, 8

  Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), 145, 291

  Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), 18; aftermath and legacy of, 34–37; anatomy of, 17–20; astronauts of, 20–24, 22, 34–36; background and overview of, 2, 15, 16–17; cancellation of, 32–34; comparison of, to Almaz, 56, 57–58; Douglas Aviation and, 114; flight test of, 24–26, 25; mission of, 28–31, 29, 31; training and, 26–25

  Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), 114

  Marooned (Caidin), 179–80

  Marshall Spaceflight Center (MSFC), 112–14, 136, 139, 246, 259

  Marshburn, Tom, 440

  Mastracchio, Rick, 410, 413, 453

  Mayo, Robert, 33–34

  MBB-ERNO, 250

  MBS. See Mobile Base System (MBS)

  McArthur, William, 393

  Mc
Auliffe, Christa, 413

  McCandless, Bruce, 145, 291

  McCool, William, 370, 371, 376, 380

  McDonnell Aircraft, 17

  McDonnell Douglas Corporation, 17, 32

  McDonnell Douglas Technical Services Corporation (MDTSCO), 250

  McNamara, Robert S., 16

  MDMS. See Multiplexer De-Multiplexer (MDMS)

  medical tests and experiments: AAP and, 131; Columbia and, 372; ISS and, 429; Mir and, 280, 285, 313; Salyut and, 151, 212, 214, 218, 231, 235, 237; Spacelab and, 265

  Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment (MEIDEX), 372

  Medusa experiment cassette, 213, 219

  MEEP. See Mir Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP)

  Meir, Francis “Buzz,” 378

  Melroy, Pam, 415–16, 418, 420

  Méndez, Arnaldo Tamayo, 227

  Merbold, Ulf, 252–53, 258, 259–60, 259, 267–68, 302

  Mercury program, 11–12, 13

  Messerschmid, Ernst, 267

  Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dottie, 452

  Michoud assembly facility, 394, 458

  micrometeoroid shields, 123, 124, 134, 135, 138, 139, 455

  MiG-15 fighter jets, 43–44

  MiG Bureau, 43–44

  Mikoyan, Artem, 43–44

  Ministry of Defense Industry, 50

  Ministry of General Machine Building (MOM), 60, 61

  Minuteman I missiles, 47

  MirCorp, 353, 354, 361

  Mir Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP), 320

  Mir space station, 154, 294, 321; about, 272–73, 273, 275–76, 286, 299, 307; collision of, 333–37, 335; commercialization of, 301–3, 322, 353–54; EO-2 mission at, 276–79; EO-3 mission at, 279, 280–84; EO-4 mission at, 282, 284–86, 287–88; EO-5 mission at, 288–92; EO-6 mission at, 292–97; EO-17 mission at, 315–17; EO-18 mission at, 315, 317–18; EO-25 mission at, 339; EP-2 mission at, 281; EP-3 mission at, 282; final missions and deorbiting of, 352–55; Priroda module and, 320–22; Soyuz T-15 and, 273–75. See also Shuttle-Mir Program

  Mishin, Vasily, 64, 107, 148, 152; OKB-1 and, 61, 65, 67; as professor, 152–53; Salyut and, 71, 74, 75–76, 83, 85–86, 150–51; Soyuz 11 and, 88–89, 90, 100, 106

  missile gap, 11

  mission control: ISS and, 450; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 330; Skylab and, 134, 135, 146; Soviet, 149–50, 151

  Mission Operations Directorate, 313

  mission specialists, 252, 253, 258

  MKF-6 camera systems, 207, 212, 216, 227, 229–30, 235, 237, 291

  MMU. See Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU)

  Mobile Base System (MBS), 366

  Mohmand, Abdul, 282, 283

  MOL. See Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL)

  Morgan, Barbara, 413

  Morin, Lee, 366

  Moscow Mission Control Center (TSUP), 150, 151, 303, 328, 329, 330, 357

  MPLMs. See Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs)

  Mueller, George, 110–12, 111, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121

  Mullane, Mike, 356

  Multiplexer De-Multiplexer (MDMS), 347

  Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs), 359–60, 362, 392, 395, 452, 455, 459, 460

  Musabayev, Talgat, 339, 361

  Musgrave, Story, 122, 265

  Musk, Elon, 439

  Myasishchev factory, 76, 342–43

  Myers, Dale D., 121

  N1 booster rockets, 51–53, 61, 65–66, 75, 101, 148, 150–51, 152

  Nagel, Steven, 267

  NanoRacks, 453–54

  NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO), 414–15

  National Academy of Sciences, 112, 178, 180

  National Advisory Council on Aeronautics, 11

  National Aeronautics and Space Act, 11

  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Apollo program and, 12–13; ASTP and, 175–76, 178–79, 180–85; astronaut corps organization of, 252; astronaut selection and, 111–12; Dennis Tito and, 361; ESA and, 246; ESRO and, 245; establishment of, 11–12; Freedom and, 303–5; funding for, 109, 117–18, 306–7; Germany and, 267–68; goals of, 109–10, 467; ISS and, 341, 465; MirCorp and, 353–54; MOL aftermath and, 34–35, 36–37; MSFC and, 112–13; Russian partnership with, 304–8, 309, 313, 330, 332, 336–38, 340; Salyut and, 148–49; Spacelab and, 248–51; space shuttle and, 2, 241; Wernher von Braun and, 11

  National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan, 429

  National Defense Transportation Journal, 7–8

  National Naval Aviation Museum, 346

  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 415

  National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), 30, 33, 37

  National Space Development Agency of Japan, 308, 341, 429

  Nauka module, 454

  Nedelin launchpad disaster, 64

  NEEMO. See NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO)

  Nespoli, Paolo, 419, 459

  Netherlands, 244

  Neubeck, Francis G., 21, 22, 36

  neutral-buoyancy tank (NBT), 119–20, 139, 210

  Newell, Homer, 115

  Newman, James, 345

  New Orleans, 203–4

  New Orleans LA, 394

  “Next Stop Mars” (von Braun), 7–8

  Nicollier, Claude, 252–53

  Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower (Khrushchev), 51

  Nikolayev, Andrian, 81, 82, 99–100, 189, 191

  nitric acid vapors, 169, 170, 208

  nitrogen flushes, 124, 183, 382–83, 401

  nitrogen gas, 183, 208, 221–22, 291

  nitrogen tetroxide, 52, 203–4, 208, 222, 234

  Nixon, Richard, 33–34, 104, 178, 188

  Nixon-Kosygin accord on space, 188

  Noguchi, Soichi, 392, 445, 449, 454

  Nova, 23, 56, 333

  Nowak, Lisa, 394

  NPO Energia. See Energia

  Nudelman-Rikhter cannon, 57

  Nyberg, Karen, 430

  Obama, Barack, 443

  Oberth, Hermann, 6–7

  observation balloons, 14

  OBSS. See Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS)

  Ockels, Wubbo, 252–53, 262, 267

  O’Connor, Brian, 306

  Office of Manned Spaceflight, 110, 251

  Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA), 115

  Official Flight Kits, 416

  Off the Planet (Linenger), 311–12, 324

  OKB-1, 45–46, 60, 61, 94–95

  OKB-2, 72

  OKB-23, 76

  OKB-52, 45, 46–47, 58–59, 61, 342

  OKB-155, 43

  OKB-586, 46

  Okhapkin, Sergei, 74, 75

  OMS. See orbital maneuvering system (OMS)

  One Drop Foundation, 442

  Onufriyenko, Yuri, 320, 322, 365

  orbital maneuvering system (OMS), 261

  orbital modules (OMs): of Progress, 166, 224, 334; of Shenzhou, 461; of Soyuz, 70–71, 87, 101, 105, 106; of Soyuz TM, 282–83, 285, 332–33; of Soyuz TMA, 447–48, 449

  orbital pilot station (OPS) program, 148, 172, 209, 271; and OPS-0855, 26; and OPS-1, 147–49, 154; and OPS-2, 154–57, 155; and OPS-3, 155, 167–70, 171–73

  Orbital Sciences Corporation, 421–22

  Orbital Workshop (OWS). See Skylab program

  Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), 391, 393, 394, 395, 418–19, 420, 424, 430, 458

  Order of Kutuzov award, 83

  O-rings, 268

  Orion 2 Space Observatory, 151

  Orion spacecraft, 381, 442–43

  Orlan space suits, 211, 274, 466; about, 209–10, 402, 404; Americans using, 331, 339, 367; DMA series of, 291; DM series of, 281–82; early use of, 212–13; Pirs and, 362, 365, 390

  ORU Transfer Devices, 349

  Osirak nuclear reactor bombing, 370

  Overmyer, Robert, 21, 22, 35, 262, 263

  oxygen, pure, 19, 116–17, 124, 183, 190, 383, 401

  ozone layer, 158, 264

  packaging of food, 230, 433, 434–35, 436

  Pac
kard, David, 34

  Padalka, Gennady, 352–53, 390, 437–38, 441–42, 443–44

  Paine, Thomas, 121, 123, 178–79, 180–81, 245

  Pakistan, 307

  pallet racks, 247, 254, 255, 349, 372

  Panetta, Leon, 306

  Parazynski, Scott, 405; as Columbia escort, 373; ISS and, 401, 404, 417, 418–20, 420; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 309–10, 339

  Parker, Bob, 257–58, 259, 260, 268–69

  Parmitano, Luca, 466

  Paton, Boris, 236

  Patricia Huffman Smith NASA “Remembering Columbia” Museum, 378

  Patsayev, Viktor, 83, 91, 93–99, 95, 101–6

  payload bays, 242, 247–48

  Payload Operations Center (POC), 259

  Payload Operations Control Center (POCC), 258–59

  payloads, 242, 244, 245

  payload specialists, 252, 253, 258, 262, 263, 265

  Payload Systems Incorporated, 291

  PCSAT2, 393

  Pegasus detection satellites, 113

  Pegasus rockets, 421–22

  Pepsi Cola, 266–67, 322

  Permanent Logistics Module (PLM), 455, 459

  Perminov, Anatoly, 426

  Perrin, Philippe, 366

  Peterson, Donald, 21–22, 22, 35

  Petrov, Boris, 184

  Pettit, Donald, 367, 375–76, 383, 384–86, 387–88, 418, 463

  Phillips, John, 391, 392

  photography: Agat and, 56–57, 155; Donald Pettit and, 384–85; Mir and, 314, 318; MOL and, 28–30, 31; reconnaissance satellites and, 55, 56–57; Salyut and, 155, 164, 168, 207, 208, 227; Skylab and, 131–32

  Pirs airlock and docking module, 362, 364–65, 390, 454, 459

  pistol-grip tool, 404–5

  pitch maneuver, rendezvous, 391, 392, 394, 460

  plant growth experiments, 98, 196, 207–8, 230, 275

  plasma, 261, 265, 380

  plasma diagnostic package, 265

  plus R-bar approach, 313–14

  PMAs. See Pressurized Mating Adaptors (PMAs)

  POC. See Payload Operations Center (POC)

  POCC. See Payload Operations Control Center (POCC)

  Pogue, William, 129, 132, 144

  Poisk module, 443–44, 459

  Polyachenko, Vladimir, 56, 57

  Polyakov, Valery, 241, 282, 283–84, 285, 287–88, 315

  Pontes, Marcos, 393

  Popov, Leonid, 225, 229, 232

  Popovich, Pavel, 155

  Precourt, Charlie, 317

  pressure suits. See space suits

  pressurization valves, 104–6

  pressurized laboratory module, 247, 254–55, 269

  Pressurized Mating Adaptors (PMAs), 344–45, 352, 358–59, 451

  Priroda module, 309, 320–22, 321, 337

  Progress 1, 215–16

  Progress 5, 221–22

  Progress 6, 223

  Progress 7, 224

 

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