Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations (Outward Odyssey: A People's History of Spaceflight)
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Ivanchenkov, Aleksandr, 219–21, 231
Ivanishin, Anatoli, 463
Ivanov, Georgi, 222–23, 281
Ivins, Marsha, 359
Jähn, Sigmund, 220
Japan, 269, 295, 304, 354; ISS and, 344, 429, 435, 437, 439, 442; JAXA of, 392, 429, 437, 438, 442, 445, 452; Kibo laboratory of, 423–24, 429–30, 437, 439, 453; National Space Development Agency of, 308, 341, 429
Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 392, 429, 437, 438, 442, 445, 452
Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), 429
jet packs, 291–92, 404
Jing Haipeng, 461–62
Johnson, Caldwell, 181–82, 184, 185–86
Johnson, Lyndon B., 16, 33
Johnson Space Center (JSC), 114, 408; Columbia disaster and, 375–76; EVA training and, 405–6; food lab at, 433, 434, 435, 436; Skylab and, 134, 136; Spacelab and, 246, 258
Jones, Tom, 359
Jordell Bank Observatory, 177
Jules Verne, 425
Jupiter ballistic missiles, 10, 11
Kaleri, Aleksandr “Sasha,” 322, 324, 327–28, 353, 389, 390
Kaliningrad mission control, 150, 151, 164, 233, 281, 303, 312
Kamanin, Nikolai, 71, 82–83, 89–90, 102, 103, 107
KAMPSAX, 250
Keldysh, Mstislav, 178–79, 180–81, 183
Kelly, Jim, 392
Kelly, Mark, 394, 429, 456–57, 467
Kelly, Scott, 456–57, 467
Kennedy, John F., 1, 12, 176–77
Kennedy Space Center (KSC): ABRS and, 450–51; ASTP launch at, 200; Columbia and, 259, 373–75, 378; final space shuttle launch at, 459–60; ISS and, 347; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 317; Skylab and, 132, 133; Spacelab and, 246
Kerimov, Kerim, 85–86
Kerwin, Joe, 122, 132, 135, 137, 138, 140, 252, 404
Keyhole satellites, 30, 33, 37, 55, 56
KH-9 Hexagon satellites, 30, 37
KH-10 satellites, 30, 33, 37, 56
KH-11 satellites, 33
Khrunichev factory, 76, 343
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, 342–43
Khrunov, Yevgeny, 64, 69
Khrushchev, Nikita, 15, 44–47, 50–51, 55, 59, 176–77
Khrushchev, Sergei, 45, 51
Kibo laboratory, 423–24, 429–30, 437, 439, 440, 453
Kilrain, Susan, 415
Kimbrough, Robert, 431
Kirilenko, Andrei, 76
Kissinger, Henry, 33–34
Kizim, Leonid, 227–28, 235–36, 237, 273, 274
Klimuk, Pyotr, 151, 163, 164, 165, 219
Kolodin, Pyotr, 83, 88, 89, 90, 147
Komarov, Vladimir, 64–65, 104
Kondakova, Yelena, 314, 315
Kononenko, Oleg, 425, 430, 431, 463
Kopra, Tim, 436, 440, 441, 455
Koptev, Yuri, 301, 306
Korniyenko, Mikhail, 452, 453, 467
Korolev, Sergei, 72, 93, 94, 107; about, 41, 43, 91; death of, 60–61; N1 and, 51–52; OKB-1 and, 45–46
Korzun, Valery, 322, 323–24, 325, 326–28, 366–67
Ko San, 425
Kosygin, Alexei, 59–60, 188
Kotov, Oleg, 399, 411, 412, 414, 445, 448–49, 452–53, 454
Kovalyonok, Vladimir, 210, 219–21, 228–29
Kozeyev, Konstantin, 365
Krenek, Charles, 378
Krikalev, Sergei, 345; ISS Expedition 1 and, 355, 356, 357, 360; ISS Expedition 11 and, 391, 392, 393; Mir and, 284, 285–86, 288, 296, 297, 302, 313
Krimer, William, 181
Kristall module, 289, 293, 294, 308, 316, 317, 321, 332–33
KRT-10 telescope, 224
KS-1 Kometa cruise missiles, 43
Kubasov, Valery, 193, 204–5; ASTP and, 191, 192, 200, 201; Salyut and, 70–71, 83, 88, 89–91, 164, 226
Kuipers, André, 390, 463
Kurs rendezvous and docking system, 275, 332; about, 273; Kristall and, 293; Kvants and, 289, 296, 297; Progress and, 288, 329–30, 354
Kvant 1: Mir and, 277–79, 280, 281, 284, 288, 291, 294, 297; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 316, 319, 321, 322, 326–28
Kvant 2, 286, 287, 288–92, 290, 294–96, 294, 297, 321
Laird, Melvin R., 33–34
Laliberté, Guy, 442
Lamar, James, 133
language barriers, 184, 188, 192–93, 244, 310, 357, 435
launchpads, 32, 37, 64, 132
Laveykin, Aleksandr, 276, 277, 278
Lavochkin design bureau, 301
Lawrence, Barbara, 23
Lawrence, Robert H., 21–23
Lawrence, Wendy, 309, 338, 392
Lawyer, Richard, 21, 22, 35
Lazarev, Vasili, 151, 161–63, 198
Lazutkin, Aleksandr “Sasha,” 325–26, 328, 330, 331, 333–34, 336–37, 407
Leasat 3 satellites, 421
Lebedev, Valentin, 151, 225–27, 231–32
Lenoir, Bill, 252
Leonardo MPLM, 360, 362, 395, 452
Leonardo PLM, 455, 459
Leonov, Alexei, 204; ASTP and, 191–92, 192, 193, 200, 201; Salyut and, 83, 88–91, 97, 103, 106, 147, 164, 166
Levchenko, Anatoli, 279, 280, 282
Ley, Willy, 6, 7
Lichtenberg, Byron, 258, 259–60, 259, 291
Lieberman, Scott, 377
life-support systems: of ISS, 428, 441; Mir and, 325–26; of Orlan suit, 210; of Skylab, 125, 134; of Soyuz, 81–82
Lind, Don, 142, 262, 263
Lindsey, Steve, 373, 374, 394
Linenger, Jerry, 309, 310, 311–12, 324–25, 326–28, 329–32, 337
liquid oxygen (LOX), 46, 52, 152, 241, 286
Liu Wang, 462
Liu Yang, 462
living quarters, 77, 78, 126, 309, 415
Lockheed Martin, 343, 404
LOK spacecraft, 55, 63
Lonchakov, Yuri, 430, 438
long-duration spaceflight, effects of, 13–14
Long March CZ-2F rockets, 461
López-Algería, Michael, 398–99
Lord, Douglas R., 251
Lousma, Jack, 132, 141, 146, 191
Love, Stan, 423
Low, George, 123, 179, 183
LOX. See liquid oxygen (LOX)
Lu, Edward, 351, 386, 388, 390
Lucid, Shannon, 309, 319–20, 322
lunar landings, 1–2
lunar module (LM), 115–16, 119, 119
Lunar Orbit Rendezvous, 13
Lunney, Glynn, 181, 184
Lyakhov, Vladimir, 221–22, 225, 233, 234–35, 282, 283
Lyappa arms, 289–90, 290, 293, 316
Mace, Timothy, 296
MacLean, Steve, 397
Macleay, Lachlan “Mac,” 21, 28, 34, 35–36
Magnus, Sandy, 432, 437, 459
Makarov, Oleg, 151, 161–62, 198, 214, 215, 227–28
Malenchenko, Yuri, 351–52, 386, 388, 390, 414, 425–26
Malenkov, Georgy, 42, 44
Malerba, Franco, 253
Malyschev, Yuri, 226, 235
Manakov, Gennadi, 295, 324
Manarov, Musa, 279, 280, 281, 283–84, 285, 295–96
Man in Space Soonest (MISS), 12
Man into Space, 1, 8
Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), 145, 291
Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), 18; aftermath and legacy of, 34–37; anatomy of, 17–20; astronauts of, 20–24, 22, 34–36; background and overview of, 2, 15, 16–17; cancellation of, 32–34; comparison of, to Almaz, 56, 57–58; Douglas Aviation and, 114; flight test of, 24–26, 25; mission of, 28–31, 29, 31; training and, 26–25
Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), 114
Marooned (Caidin), 179–80
Marshall Spaceflight Center (MSFC), 112–14, 136, 139, 246, 259
Marshburn, Tom, 440
Mastracchio, Rick, 410, 413, 453
Mayo, Robert, 33–34
MBB-ERNO, 250
MBS. See Mobile Base System (MBS)
McArthur, William, 393
Mc
Auliffe, Christa, 413
McCandless, Bruce, 145, 291
McCool, William, 370, 371, 376, 380
McDonnell Aircraft, 17
McDonnell Douglas Corporation, 17, 32
McDonnell Douglas Technical Services Corporation (MDTSCO), 250
McNamara, Robert S., 16
MDMS. See Multiplexer De-Multiplexer (MDMS)
medical tests and experiments: AAP and, 131; Columbia and, 372; ISS and, 429; Mir and, 280, 285, 313; Salyut and, 151, 212, 214, 218, 231, 235, 237; Spacelab and, 265
Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment (MEIDEX), 372
Medusa experiment cassette, 213, 219
MEEP. See Mir Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP)
Meir, Francis “Buzz,” 378
Melroy, Pam, 415–16, 418, 420
Méndez, Arnaldo Tamayo, 227
Merbold, Ulf, 252–53, 258, 259–60, 259, 267–68, 302
Mercury program, 11–12, 13
Messerschmid, Ernst, 267
Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dottie, 452
Michoud assembly facility, 394, 458
micrometeoroid shields, 123, 124, 134, 135, 138, 139, 455
MiG-15 fighter jets, 43–44
MiG Bureau, 43–44
Mikoyan, Artem, 43–44
Ministry of Defense Industry, 50
Ministry of General Machine Building (MOM), 60, 61
Minuteman I missiles, 47
MirCorp, 353, 354, 361
Mir Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP), 320
Mir space station, 154, 294, 321; about, 272–73, 273, 275–76, 286, 299, 307; collision of, 333–37, 335; commercialization of, 301–3, 322, 353–54; EO-2 mission at, 276–79; EO-3 mission at, 279, 280–84; EO-4 mission at, 282, 284–86, 287–88; EO-5 mission at, 288–92; EO-6 mission at, 292–97; EO-17 mission at, 315–17; EO-18 mission at, 315, 317–18; EO-25 mission at, 339; EP-2 mission at, 281; EP-3 mission at, 282; final missions and deorbiting of, 352–55; Priroda module and, 320–22; Soyuz T-15 and, 273–75. See also Shuttle-Mir Program
Mishin, Vasily, 64, 107, 148, 152; OKB-1 and, 61, 65, 67; as professor, 152–53; Salyut and, 71, 74, 75–76, 83, 85–86, 150–51; Soyuz 11 and, 88–89, 90, 100, 106
missile gap, 11
mission control: ISS and, 450; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 330; Skylab and, 134, 135, 146; Soviet, 149–50, 151
Mission Operations Directorate, 313
mission specialists, 252, 253, 258
MKF-6 camera systems, 207, 212, 216, 227, 229–30, 235, 237, 291
MMU. See Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU)
Mobile Base System (MBS), 366
Mohmand, Abdul, 282, 283
MOL. See Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL)
Morgan, Barbara, 413
Morin, Lee, 366
Moscow Mission Control Center (TSUP), 150, 151, 303, 328, 329, 330, 357
MPLMs. See Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs)
Mueller, George, 110–12, 111, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121
Mullane, Mike, 356
Multiplexer De-Multiplexer (MDMS), 347
Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs), 359–60, 362, 392, 395, 452, 455, 459, 460
Musabayev, Talgat, 339, 361
Musgrave, Story, 122, 265
Musk, Elon, 439
Myasishchev factory, 76, 342–43
Myers, Dale D., 121
N1 booster rockets, 51–53, 61, 65–66, 75, 101, 148, 150–51, 152
Nagel, Steven, 267
NanoRacks, 453–54
NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO), 414–15
National Academy of Sciences, 112, 178, 180
National Advisory Council on Aeronautics, 11
National Aeronautics and Space Act, 11
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Apollo program and, 12–13; ASTP and, 175–76, 178–79, 180–85; astronaut corps organization of, 252; astronaut selection and, 111–12; Dennis Tito and, 361; ESA and, 246; ESRO and, 245; establishment of, 11–12; Freedom and, 303–5; funding for, 109, 117–18, 306–7; Germany and, 267–68; goals of, 109–10, 467; ISS and, 341, 465; MirCorp and, 353–54; MOL aftermath and, 34–35, 36–37; MSFC and, 112–13; Russian partnership with, 304–8, 309, 313, 330, 332, 336–38, 340; Salyut and, 148–49; Spacelab and, 248–51; space shuttle and, 2, 241; Wernher von Braun and, 11
National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan, 429
National Defense Transportation Journal, 7–8
National Naval Aviation Museum, 346
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 415
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), 30, 33, 37
National Space Development Agency of Japan, 308, 341, 429
Nauka module, 454
Nedelin launchpad disaster, 64
NEEMO. See NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO)
Nespoli, Paolo, 419, 459
Netherlands, 244
Neubeck, Francis G., 21, 22, 36
neutral-buoyancy tank (NBT), 119–20, 139, 210
Newell, Homer, 115
Newman, James, 345
New Orleans, 203–4
New Orleans LA, 394
“Next Stop Mars” (von Braun), 7–8
Nicollier, Claude, 252–53
Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower (Khrushchev), 51
Nikolayev, Andrian, 81, 82, 99–100, 189, 191
nitric acid vapors, 169, 170, 208
nitrogen flushes, 124, 183, 382–83, 401
nitrogen gas, 183, 208, 221–22, 291
nitrogen tetroxide, 52, 203–4, 208, 222, 234
Nixon, Richard, 33–34, 104, 178, 188
Nixon-Kosygin accord on space, 188
Noguchi, Soichi, 392, 445, 449, 454
Nova, 23, 56, 333
Nowak, Lisa, 394
NPO Energia. See Energia
Nudelman-Rikhter cannon, 57
Nyberg, Karen, 430
Obama, Barack, 443
Oberth, Hermann, 6–7
observation balloons, 14
OBSS. See Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS)
Ockels, Wubbo, 252–53, 262, 267
O’Connor, Brian, 306
Office of Manned Spaceflight, 110, 251
Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA), 115
Official Flight Kits, 416
Off the Planet (Linenger), 311–12, 324
OKB-1, 45–46, 60, 61, 94–95
OKB-2, 72
OKB-23, 76
OKB-52, 45, 46–47, 58–59, 61, 342
OKB-155, 43
OKB-586, 46
Okhapkin, Sergei, 74, 75
OMS. See orbital maneuvering system (OMS)
One Drop Foundation, 442
Onufriyenko, Yuri, 320, 322, 365
orbital maneuvering system (OMS), 261
orbital modules (OMs): of Progress, 166, 224, 334; of Shenzhou, 461; of Soyuz, 70–71, 87, 101, 105, 106; of Soyuz TM, 282–83, 285, 332–33; of Soyuz TMA, 447–48, 449
orbital pilot station (OPS) program, 148, 172, 209, 271; and OPS-0855, 26; and OPS-1, 147–49, 154; and OPS-2, 154–57, 155; and OPS-3, 155, 167–70, 171–73
Orbital Sciences Corporation, 421–22
Orbital Workshop (OWS). See Skylab program
Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), 391, 393, 394, 395, 418–19, 420, 424, 430, 458
Order of Kutuzov award, 83
O-rings, 268
Orion 2 Space Observatory, 151
Orion spacecraft, 381, 442–43
Orlan space suits, 211, 274, 466; about, 209–10, 402, 404; Americans using, 331, 339, 367; DMA series of, 291; DM series of, 281–82; early use of, 212–13; Pirs and, 362, 365, 390
ORU Transfer Devices, 349
Osirak nuclear reactor bombing, 370
Overmyer, Robert, 21, 22, 35, 262, 263
oxygen, pure, 19, 116–17, 124, 183, 190, 383, 401
ozone layer, 158, 264
packaging of food, 230, 433, 434–35, 436
Pac
kard, David, 34
Padalka, Gennady, 352–53, 390, 437–38, 441–42, 443–44
Paine, Thomas, 121, 123, 178–79, 180–81, 245
Pakistan, 307
pallet racks, 247, 254, 255, 349, 372
Panetta, Leon, 306
Parazynski, Scott, 405; as Columbia escort, 373; ISS and, 401, 404, 417, 418–20, 420; Shuttle-Mir Program and, 309–10, 339
Parker, Bob, 257–58, 259, 260, 268–69
Parmitano, Luca, 466
Paton, Boris, 236
Patricia Huffman Smith NASA “Remembering Columbia” Museum, 378
Patsayev, Viktor, 83, 91, 93–99, 95, 101–6
payload bays, 242, 247–48
Payload Operations Center (POC), 259
Payload Operations Control Center (POCC), 258–59
payloads, 242, 244, 245
payload specialists, 252, 253, 258, 262, 263, 265
Payload Systems Incorporated, 291
PCSAT2, 393
Pegasus detection satellites, 113
Pegasus rockets, 421–22
Pepsi Cola, 266–67, 322
Permanent Logistics Module (PLM), 455, 459
Perminov, Anatoly, 426
Perrin, Philippe, 366
Peterson, Donald, 21–22, 22, 35
Petrov, Boris, 184
Pettit, Donald, 367, 375–76, 383, 384–86, 387–88, 418, 463
Phillips, John, 391, 392
photography: Agat and, 56–57, 155; Donald Pettit and, 384–85; Mir and, 314, 318; MOL and, 28–30, 31; reconnaissance satellites and, 55, 56–57; Salyut and, 155, 164, 168, 207, 208, 227; Skylab and, 131–32
Pirs airlock and docking module, 362, 364–65, 390, 454, 459
pistol-grip tool, 404–5
pitch maneuver, rendezvous, 391, 392, 394, 460
plant growth experiments, 98, 196, 207–8, 230, 275
plasma, 261, 265, 380
plasma diagnostic package, 265
plus R-bar approach, 313–14
PMAs. See Pressurized Mating Adaptors (PMAs)
POC. See Payload Operations Center (POC)
POCC. See Payload Operations Control Center (POCC)
Pogue, William, 129, 132, 144
Poisk module, 443–44, 459
Polyachenko, Vladimir, 56, 57
Polyakov, Valery, 241, 282, 283–84, 285, 287–88, 315
Pontes, Marcos, 393
Popov, Leonid, 225, 229, 232
Popovich, Pavel, 155
Precourt, Charlie, 317
pressure suits. See space suits
pressurization valves, 104–6
pressurized laboratory module, 247, 254–55, 269
Pressurized Mating Adaptors (PMAs), 344–45, 352, 358–59, 451
Priroda module, 309, 320–22, 321, 337
Progress 1, 215–16
Progress 5, 221–22
Progress 6, 223
Progress 7, 224