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Himalaya

Page 69

by Ed Douglas


  Anglo-Maratha War, Second (1803–1805), 173

  Anglo-Mysore War, Second (1780–1784), 176

  Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816), 16–17, 183–200, 335

  Anglo-Russian Convention (1907), 393, 398

  Anglo-Sikh War

  First (1845–1846), 227, 234, 236, 251, 280, 326, 331, 353

  Second (1848–1849), 227, 234, 236, 251, 281, 283, 326, 353

  Annapurna range, 29, 219, 462–4

  Annexation of Tibet (1950–51), 164, 261, 481–2, 488–9

  Aufschnaiter and, 457

  Battle of Chamdo (1950), 488

  Ford and, 491–2

  Gendun Chopel and, 487

  Richardson and, 496

  Anson, George, 227–8, 231, 234

  Antarctica, 23, 322, 325, 339, 366, 518

  Anutapagupta, 158

  d’Anville, Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon, 202, 204, 214

  Arbuthnot bank, Madras, 382

  Archaeological Survey of India, 281

  Arctic, 295, 301, 365

  Argentina, 354

  Ariq Boke, 88

  Arka Tagh mountains, 314

  Armenians, 158–63, 203, 212

  Arniko, 89–92

  Arnold, Edward, 315

  Arnold Arboretum, Boston, 346

  Arthur, Duke of Connaught, 258

  Arts and Crafts movement, 343

  Arun river, 28

  Arunachal Pradesh, 18, 23, 29, 209, 263, 330, 344

  Longju, 503

  Tawang, 399, 402, 504

  Walong, 504

  Arwa valley, 440

  Aryan race, 103–4

  Asan Tol, Kathmandu, 458

  ascetics, 10, 13, 15, 123

  Aschenbrenner, Peter, 427

  Ashoka, Mauryan Emperor, 43, 63

  Asiatic Journal, 176, 218, 223, 225, 271

  Asiatic Society, 215, 222, 285, 330, 378

  Assam, 30, 138, 209, 224, 329, 330–32

  astrology, 116, 177, 378, 401

  astronomy, 296–7, 301, 325, 485

  Atisa Dipamkara, 71–3, 74, 85, 87, 131, 158

  Atkinson, Edwin, 8–9, 16

  Attlee, Clement, 494

  Attock, 30

  Auckland, Lord, see Eden, William

  Aufschnaiter, Peter, 455, 456–7, 458, 459

  Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor, 160, 161

  Auschwitz concentration camp, 434

  Australia, 33, 324, 325, 522

  Austria, 93, 364, 365, 424–5, 455

  Avalokitesvara, 47, 73, 83, 131, 306, 399

  Awadh, see Oudh

  ayurveda, 15, 253

  Azha, 48–9

  Ba clan, 55

  Bacot, Jacques, 484

  Badrinath, Uttarakhand, 10, 12–13, 76, 77, 137, 440, 442

  Baghdad, 74

  Bagmati river, 81, 85

  Bahadur Shah, Prince Regent of Nepal, 167–72

  Bai Lang, 347

  Bailey, Frederick Marshman ‘Eric’, 321, 391, 403–8, 431, 490

  Baisi, 111, 113

  Ballets Russes, 431, 469

  Balliol College, Oxford, 346, 387

  Balpo, 55

  Baltistan, 68, 360

  Baltoro Kangri, 358, 359

  Bandar Abbas, Persia, 207

  Banerjee family, 342

  Bangladesh, 72, 212

  Banks, Joseph, 213, 291, 322–3, 325

  Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 219, 220, 268, 270

  Barkhor, Lhasa, 52, 475, 497–8

  Barnard, Henry, 227

  Barnett, Robert, 494, 497–8

  Bashi-Bazouks, 284

  Basnyet clan, 118

  Basra, 156, 160

  Basundhara Bir Bikram, Prince of Nepal, 469

  Batang, Sichuan, 382, 487, 488

  Batavia, Dutch East Indies, 127, 207, 208

  Battle of Agra (1857), 220

  Battle of Baliqiao (1860), 283

  Battle of Chamdo (1950), 488

  Battle of Culloden (1746), 219

  Battle of the Five Lamas (1634), 144

  Battle of Kathmandu (1768), 121–3, 137

  Battle of Passchendaele (1917), 314

  Battle of Plassey (1757), 123

  Battle of the Somme (1916), 400

  Battle of Ypres (1914), 419

  Bauer, Paul, 425–9, 456

  Bavarian Kingdom (1805–1918), 229, 256, 352

  Bay of Bengal, 6, 26

  Bayley Balfour, Isaac, 345, 346, 347

  Bayley, William Butterworth, 243

  Beagle, 268, 326

  bears, 8, 29, 124, 243

  Beatles, The, 1, 12

  bedding out, 343

  Beecham, Thomas, 431

  Beger, Bruno, 433–4

  Beijing

  Amherst Mission (1816), 293, 300

  Jampel Chokyi in (1814–1817), 300–303

  Lobsang Palden Yeshe in (1780), 148, 167, 297, 299

  Macartney mission (1793), 170, 172

  Macaulay mission (1885), 385

  Olympic Games (2008), 480, 494

  Palace Museum, 50

  Qincheng prison, 489, 496

  smallpox outbreak (1780), 148, 167, 297, 299

  White Stupa, 91

  Yellow Temple, 300, 385

  Yonghe Gong monastery, 297

  Beijing Genomics Institute, 32, 35–6, 37

  Belait Yatra, 254

  Beletsky, Evgeny, 508–9

  Belkot, Nepal, 118–19

  Bell, Charles, 46, 47, 316, 396–405, 408, 435, 455

  Bell, Gertrude, 501

  Bell, Laura, 256

  Bell, Thomas, 85–6

  Bell, Vanessa, 351

  Bellezza, John Vincent, 65–6

  Belt and Road Initiative (2013–), 43, 64, 151

  Benares, see Varanasi

  Bengal

  famine (1769–73), 125, 128

  Rennell’s maps (1780; 1782), 213

  Subah of (1576–1757), 122, 123, 149, 211

  Sultanate of (1352–1576), 119

  Bengal Atlas (Rennell), 213

  Bengal Fan, 26

  Bengal Native Infantry, 176, 219, 281

  Benjamin of Tudela, 157, 158

  Bentinck, William, 230, 245

  Bergaigne, Abel, 102–3, 104

  Bergfilme, 424

  Bergkamaraden, 425

  Bergman, Ingrid, 469

  Berlin Olympics (1936), 409–10, 423, 424, 427

  Bernard, Helen, 443

  Bernard, Pierre, 443

  Bernard, Theos, 443, 485

  Bernays, Edward, 102

  Besant, Annie, 374, 430

  Betjeman, John, 450

  Betrawati river, 171

  Bettiah, Bihar, 123

  BGI, 32, 35–6, 37

  Bhadgaon, 94

  Bhagalpur, Bihar, 215, 219

  Bhageerathi Parvat, Uttarakhand, 12

  Bhagiratha, 6, 10

  Bhagirathi range, 19, 25

  Bhagirathi river, 6, 10, 221, 222

  Bhaktapur, Nepal, 94, 99, 104, 116, 118, 125, 161, 307

  Bhandari, Bidya Devi, 106, 108

  Bhandarkhal massacre (1806), 174, 183, 249

  Bhanubhakta Acharya, 184

  Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 17

  Bhot Bhawan, Howrah, 147, 150

  Bhote Kosi, 161, 377, 515

  Bhotia Boarding School, Darjeeling, 289

  Bhotias, 35, 263–7

  Bhrikuti, 51

  Bhutan, 94, 135, 137–45

  architecture, 141

  Bogle mission (1774), 140–45

  British invasion (1864–1865), 150, 307, 383

  Cacella and Cabral’s visit (1627), 77–8, 94, 144

  climate, 141

  Cooch Behar conflict (1772–3), 138–9

  Darjeeling, migration to, 342

  dress, 126

  Druk lineage, 143, 144

  Griffith’s visit (1837), 225

  Indian Treaty (1949), 458

  juniper in, 28

  Karmapa in, 135

  Manning’
s visit (1811), 292

  monsoon in, 29

  Pemberton mission (1837), 150

  Phari raid (1883), 384

  Rennell’s visit (1766), 137, 212

  Sikkim invasion (1700), 334

  Treaty of Punakha (1910), 458

  Turner mission (1783), 150, 327

  Bhyundar valley, Garhwal, 418, 442

  Biafo glacier, 359

  bibis, 175

  Bible, 15

  Bichurin, Nikita Yakovievich, 300

  Bihar, India, 85, 86, 122, 213, 233, 399

  Bettiah, 123

  Bhagalpur, 215, 219

  Bodhgaya, 398, 457

  Fatehpur, 230

  Nalanda monastery, 55, 56, 85, 87, 89

  Odantapuri, 56, 85

  Patna, 84, 124, 160, 163, 205, 207, 247, 328

  Purnia, 216

  Raxaul, 152

  Sagauli, 152

  Vaishali, 84

  Vikramasila, 71–2, 85

  Bikrampur, Bangladesh, 72

  Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, 177

  biodiversity, 29

  Biratnagar, Nepal, 449

  Bird, Isabella, 310

  birds of paradise, 109, 110

  Birendra Shah, King of Nepal, 107, 109–10, 513, 515, 516

  Birgunj, Nepal, 152, 445

  birta, 189

  Blacker, Stewart, 421–3

  Blacker, Valentine, 421

  Blavatsky, Helena, 78, 104, 317–18, 322, 430, 431, 432

  Bloomsbury group, 456

  Blue Annals, 46, 157

  blue poppies, 320–21, 348, 391

  blue sea region, see Qinghai

  blue sheep, 29

  Bodhgaya, Bihar, 398, 457

  bodhisattvas, 73, 77, 83, 91, 100, 306

  Bogle, George Jr, 126–50, 165, 201–2, 302, 379, 384

  botany and, 326

  cartography and, 204–5, 208–9, 210, 215

  Chauduri, relationship with, 201

  death (1781), 148

  potato planting, 141, 327

  Tichan, relationship with, 149–50

  Bogle, George Sr, 140

  Bogle, Robert, 140

  Boileau, John Peter, 196–7

  Boileau, John Theophilus, 230

  Boileauganj, 230

  Bollywood, 110

  Bolsheviks, 400, 404, 431

  Bon, 59, 60–61, 62, 65, 66–8

  Bonham-Carter, Christopher, 514

  Bonington, Christian, 519

  borax, 262, 264

  Boss, Emil, 356, 357

  Boulger, Demetrius Charles, 383

  Bourdillon, Tom, 466

  Bovril, 317

  Bower, Hamilton, 380

  Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901), 386

  Bradshaw, Paris, 188, 189, 195

  Braham, Trevor, 442, 443

  Brahma, 6, 14, 81, 85

  Brahmaputra river, 2, 3, 24, 28, 58, 209, 210, 302

  Bailey’s exploration (1911; 1913), 321, 403, 408

  Kingdon-Ward’s exploration (1924), 321, 348, 408

  Nain Singh’s exploration (1865), 287

  Wilcox and Burlton’s exploration (1825–1828), 224

  Webber’s exploration (1864), 284

  see also Yarlung Tsangpo region

  Brahmins, 52, 113–15, 233, 267, 443, 449, 458, 525

  Brauen, Martin, 317

  Breslau University, 409

  Briggs, David, 234

  Brilliant, 211

  Britain; British Empire, 9, 13, 63, 98, 99

  Aden (1839–1963), 284

  Abor expedition (1911–1912), 344

  Afghan War, First (1839–1842), 247

  American War (1775–1783), 98, 127, 168

  Amherst Mission (1816), 293, 300

  Bhutanese War (1864–1865), 150, 307, 383

  Burma (1824–1948), 224, 348, 384, 385

  Burmese War, First (1824–6), 224

  China Inland Mission, 310, 311, 312

  Ceylon (1796–1948), 323, 339

  Crimean War (1853–1856), 229, 284

  Dutch War, Second (1665–1667), 206

  Everest expeditions, see British Everest expeditions

  Fortune missions (1843–1861), 341

  French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802), 291

  Gould mission (1936), 435–6, 491

  Great Exhibition (1951), 149

  Great Game (1830–1895), 289, 357, 376

  Hong Kong (1841–1997), 282, 340, 519

  India Office, 148, 383, 396, 400, 405, 408

  Indian colonies (1612–1947), see British India

  Jacobite Rebellion (1745–1746), 219

  Jang Bahadur’s visit (1850), 253–8

  Java invasion (1811), 191

  Malaya (1826–1957), 339

  Macartney mission (1793), 170, 172

  Macaulay mission (1885–1886), 384–5

  Mahendra’s visit (1960), 512–13

  Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), 240, 277

  Nigerian colonies (1879–1960), 395

  Opium War, First (1839–1842), 247, 282, 308, 331, 490

  Opium War, Second (1856–1860), 283, 285, 490

  Phunwang, relations with, 487–8

  rubber trade, 339–40

  Russian Convention (1907), 393

  Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), 123, 149, 211

  Sikkim expedition (1860), 383

  tea trade, 127, 329–32, 333, 335–6, 340

  Tibetan independence and, 491, 493–4

  Treaty of Danapur (1801), 173, 185, 217

  Treaty of Calcutta (1890), 311, 386

  Treaty of Calcutta (1908), 397

  Treaty of Chefoo (1876), 384

  Treaty of Lhasa (1904), 393, 399

  Treaty of Punakha (1910), 458

  Treaty of Sagauli (1816), 195, 196, 198, 236, 239, 260, 263, 279, 376

  Treaty of Simla (1914), 400, 402, 459, 494

  Treaty of Tianjin (1858), 283, 309

  Treaty of Titalia (1817), 335

  United Nations Declaration (1942), 492

  Younghusband expedition (1903–1904), 288, 292, 311–12, 316, 367, 375, 390–93

  British Association, 344

  British Everest expeditions, 25, 210, 387, 395, 400, 404, 424, 441

  1921 22, 211, 371, 374, 375, 396, 400, 401, 408

  1922 349, 350, 374, 409, 412

  1924 22, 349, 370, 371, 374, 375, 403, 407, 465

  1933 22, 26, 349, 413

  1935 419

  1936 416–20

  1953 289, 414, 441, 459, 465–8, 507

  British India (1612–1947), 13, 63, 117, 120, 200

  Abor expedition (1911–1912), 344

  Afghan War, First (1839–1842), 247

  Battle of Buxar (1764), 211

  Battle of Plassey (1757), 123, 149

  Bhutanese War (1864–1865), 150, 307, 383

  Bogle mission (1774), see Bogle, George

  Burmese War, First (1824–6), 224

  cartography, 211–26

  censuses, 261, 342

  China, trade with, 127–8, 170, 172

  civil disobedience movement (1929–31), 444

  Cooch Behar conflict (1773), 138–9

  Dalai Lama in (1910–1913), 397–8

  Darjeeling lease (1835), 335

  famines, 125, 128, 376

  Fortune mission (1848), 341

  Geological Survey of India, 30

  Gould mission (1936), 435–6, 491

  Great Survey (1802–1871), 225, 285

  hill stations, 200, 228

  Hooker’s voyage (1848–1849), 326, 334–9

  Independence (1947), 440

  Kinloch expedition (1767), 123–5, 149, 189, 214

  Kirkpatrick mission (1792–1793), 98–100, 166, 171, 172, 181, 327

  Ladakh boundary commissions (1846–7), 280–81

  Macaulay mission (1885–1886), 384–5

  Manning mission (1811–12), 292–4, 303

  Maratha War, Second (1803–1805), 173, 176, 185

  Mir Qasim, r
elations with, 122, 211

  Moorcroft expedition (1812), 268–78, 295, 327

  Mysore War, Second (1780–1784), 176

  Nepalese War (1814–1816), 16–17, 183–200, 335

  Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922), 412

  Partition (1947), 442–3

  Political Department, 379

  railways, 152, 332, 384

  Rebellion (1857–1858), see Indian Rebellion

  Regulating Act (1773), 127, 140

  Rennell’s maps (1780; 1782), 213–14, 218

  roads, 380

  Schlagintweit expeditions (1854–1857), 352–5

  Sikh War, First (1845–1846), 227, 234, 236, 251, 280, 326, 331, 353

  Sikh War, Second (1848–1849), 227, 234, 236, 251, 281, 283, 326, 353

  Sikkim expedition (1860), 383

  Sino-Nepalese War (1788–1792), 168, 170, 171, 172, 186

  Survey of India, 203, 211, 212, 224, 355, 356–7, 396

  Tawang annexation (1914), 399, 402, 504

  taxation in, 17, 181–3, 198

  tea trade, 127, 329–32, 333, 335–6, 340

  telegraph system, 227, 332, 447

  Treaty of Danapur (1801), 173, 185, 217

  Treaty of Calcutta (1890), 311, 386

  Treaty of Calcutta (1908), 397

  Treaty of Lhasa (1904), 393, 399

  Treaty of Punakha (1910), 458

  Treaty of Sagauli (1816), 195, 196, 198, 236, 239, 260, 263, 279, 376

  Treaty of Simla (1914), 400, 402, 459, 494

  Treaty of Titalia (1817), 335

  Turner mission (1783), 148–9, 150, 327

  Vellore mutiny (1806), 191

  wool trade, 77, 270, 272, 276–9, 281–2

  World War II (1939–1945), 447

  Younghusband expedition (1903–1904), 288, 292, 311–12, 316, 367, 375, 390–93

  British Kumaon (1816–1947), 16–17, 376

  Gurkha battalions, 200, 233

  Hodgson in, 175, 241–2

  Longstaff expeditions (1905; 1907), 367

  schools in, 284

  Schlagintweit brothers in, 353

  tea plantations, 330, 335

  taxation in, 17, 242, 263

  Treaty of Sagauli (1816), 195, 199, 263, 376

  British Library, London, 45, 78, 273

  British Museum, London, 322

  British Residents in Nepal

  1802–1804 William Knox, 173–4, 177, 181, 185, 217

  1816 John Boileau, 196–7

  1816–1829 Edward Gardner, 197, 198, 242–3, 327

  1829–1843 Brian Hodgson, 84, 175, 198, 237, 238, 245–8, 279, 379

  1843–1845 Henry Lawrence, 238, 247–51

  Brocherel brothers, 367

  Broun-Ramsay, James, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, 234, 237, 332–3, 334, 338

  Bruce, Charles, 329

  Bruce, Charles Granville, 349–50, 358, 401

  Everest expedition (1922), 349, 350

  Everest expedition (1924), 349

  Karakoram expedition (1892), 359

  Nanga Parbat expedition (1895), 349, 360, 361, 363

  Trisul expedition (1907), 367, 395, 396

  World War I (1914–18), 444

  Bruce, Henry, 1st Lord Aberdare, 349

  Bruce, James, 8th Earl of Elgin, 285

 

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