Himalaya
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Capuchins in, 95, 143, 205, 208, 303–7, 309
cartography, 202–26
Cooch Behar conflict (1772–3), 138–9
Dalai Lama, reincarnation of, 293
David-Néel’s visit (1924), 313
Desideri in (1716–21), 95, 135, 161, 205, 303–4
Dogra War (1841–1842), 279–80, 391
Dubernard in (1864–1905), 346
Dungan Revolt (1895–1896), 312
ethnic groups in, 296, 306
Farrer expedition (1914–16), 346–8
Grueber’s visit (1661), 93–4
Huc’s visit (1846), 297–8, 307–9, 379
Jesuits in, see Jesuits
kashag, 136
Kawaguchi’s visit (1900–1902), 394–5
Kishen Singh’s voyage (1878–1882), 288
Ladakh border dispute, 280–82
Ladakh–Mughal War (1679–84), 161
Lifanyuan, 203
Littledale’s visit (1895), 314–16
Longstaff expedition (1905), 367
Macaulay mission (1885–1886), 384–5
Manning’s visit (1811–12), 292–4, 303
Margary murder (1875), 384
minting of currency, 83, 121, 163, 168, 169
Moorcroft expedition (1812), 268–78, 295, 327
Nain Singh’s visits (1865–1867), 287–8
Nepalese War (1788–1792), 98, 164–5, 168–72, 177, 185, 186, 292, 381
Nepalese War (1855–1856), 258–9, 377, 380
Panchen Lama and, 136, 142, 145, 146, 293
Phari raid (1883), 384
Purdom in (1909–1911), 346
Rijnhart’s visit (1898), 313
Rebellion (1905), 346, 396–7
Renou mission (1854), 309
rhubarb trade, 136
Rockhill’s ambassadorship (1905–1909), 393–4, 492
Russia, relations with, 388–9, 393, 394, 398
Schlagintweit expeditions (1854–1857), 352–5
Sikkim occupation (1886–1888), 385, 386
Smyth’s visits, 283–5
Strachey’s visit (1846), 281
Strachey’s visit (1848), 353, 354
Taylor’s visit (1890), 311
Treaty of Amritsar (1846), 280–81, 331
Treaty of Calcutta (1890), 311, 386
Treaty of Calcutta (1908), 397
Treaty of Kyirong (1789), 169
Treaty of Lhasa (1904), 393, 399
Treaty of Thapathali (1856), 377, 380, 388
Turner mission (1783), 148–9, 150
u lag, 306
Van der Putte in (1728–1731), 208, 294
Xinhai Revolution (1911–12), 398, 411
yarab choesang in, 304
Younghusband expedition (1903–1904), 288, 292, 311, 316, 367, 375, 390–93
Zhao’s invasion (1910), 397
Qinghai, 87, 94, 162, 203, 345, 437, 438, 486, 495
Qishan, 282, 308
Qu Yinhua, 509–10
Quarterly Review, 224
quartz, 36
quinine, 327, 339
Quito, Ecuador, 216
Rabdentse, Sikkim, 334
racialism; racism, 102–4, 236, 309, 409, 433
Radio Lhasa, 491
radio posts, 459, 491, 511
Rafailov, Mehdi, 276
Raffles, Stamford, 191
Rai, Shiva Dat, 177
Rai people, 108, 342, 525
railways, 151–2, 332
Raj, Yogesh, 124
Raja Dharma, 184
Rajasthan, 390
Rajendra Bikram Shah, King of Nepal, 245–53, 279
Rajputs, 113, 114, 120, 177, 180, 233, 253, 263, 278
Rajya Laksmi Devi, 246, 248, 249, 250, 251–3
Rakhiot valley, 364
Raksha Dal, 458
Rakshas Tal, 267, 275
rakshasa, 14
Ralung monastery, Tibet, 143
Ram Shah, King of Gorkha, 115, 119
Ram, Anant, 281–2
Ramayana, 8, 184
Ramgarh, Nepal, 194
Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, 270, 279, 281
Ramsay, William, 361
Rana Bahadur Shah, King of Nepal, 172–3, 174, 183, 185, 249
Rana dynasty (1846–1951), 253, 411, 443–50, 460, 465, 510, 512
1846–1877 Jang Bahadur, see Rana, Jang Bahadur
1877–1885 Ranodip, 377, 387
1885–1901 Bir Shamsher, 377–8, 387
1901 Dev Shamsher, 387–8
1901–1929 Chandra Shamsher, 377, 387–8, 389, 395–6, 411, 444–6
1929–1932 Bhim Shamsher, 446–7, 448
1932–1945 Juddha Shamsher, 447–8, 512, 513
1945–1948 Padma Shamsher, 448–9
1948–1951 Mohan Shamsher, 449–50, 462
Rana, Bhir Shamsher, 377–8, 387, 446–7, 448
Rana, Chandra Shamsher, 377, 387–8, 389, 395–6, 411, 444–6, 513
Rana, Dev Shamsher, 387–8
Rana, Devyani, 513
Rana, Dhir Shamsher, 377, 447
Rana, Jang Bahadur, 229, 238–9, 249–60, 279, 337
China, relations with, 381
Indian Rebellion (1857), 239, 249, 259, 377, 380
Tibet War (1855–1856), 258–9, 377, 380
Rana, Juddha Shamsher, 447–8, 512, 513
Rana, Kaiser Shamsher, 459
Rana, Mohan Shamsher, 448, 449, 450, 462
Rana, Padma Shamsher, 448–9
Rana, Pashupati Shamsher, 446, 513
Rana, Ranodip, 377, 387
Rangit river, 336, 338
Rangjung Dorje, 133
Ranjit Singh, Sikh Maharaja, 176, 180–81, 187, 196, 233, 246, 278
Ranjuli, 264
Raper, Felix, 199, 219, 220, 221, 222–3, 266
Rapti river, 219
Rasgotra, Maharaja Krishna, 459
Rasuwagadhi, Nepal, 151, 164, 171, 177, 461
Ratna Park, Kathmandu, 80
Ratna Rajya, Queen consort of Nepal, 512–13
Raute, 29
Ravi Shankar, 1
Rawalpindi, Punjab, 351
Rawats, 263–7, 277
Rawdon-Hastings, Francis, 183, 187, 190, 193, 194, 197, 241
Rawling, Cecil, 395, 396
Raxaul, Bihar, 152
Raymo, Maureen, 27
Rébuffat, Gaston, 462–3
red pandas, 29, 469–70
Red Sea, 23
Régis, Jean-Baptiste, 203
Regmi, Mahesh Chandra, 117
Regulating Act (1773), 127, 140
Reid, Charles, 235–6
Reid, J E, 492
reincarnation, 97, 130, 133, 168, 292–3, 436, 473
Rendawa, 131
Reni, Tibet, 70
Rennell, James, 137, 211–14, 218, 223
Rennell, Jane, 213
Renou, Charles, 309
Republic of China (1912–1949), 318, 346–8, 411, 434, 437
Civil War (1927–1949), 437, 455–6, 487, 488, 490
Farrer expedition (1914–16), 346–8
Japanese War (1937–1945), 428, 456, 487
Huang mission (1933), 434–5, 490
Kingdon-Ward expeditions (1913–1925), 321, 348
Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission, 487
Nanjing Massacre (1938), 456
Panchen Lama, relations with, 403, 435, 438
Purdom in (1914–1921), 346–7
three principles, 483
Tibet Improvement Party, relations with, 483, 486
Tibet War (1930–1932), 411, 438, 487
Treaty of Simla (1914), 400, 402, 459, 494
United Nations Declaration (1942), 492
Republic of India (1950–)
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 17
border skirmishes (1959), 503–4
China, relations with, 502–5
Chinese War (1962), 2, 13, 261–2, 263, 399, 415, 504–5, 515
communism in, 106
Dalai Lama in (19
59–), 155, 261, 472, 496, 502
Elizabeth II’s visit (2018), 342
Emergency (1975–1977), 516
Everest expedition (1953), 467–8
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (1954), 502, 503
Indo-Tibet Border Police, 262
Nepal, relations with, 449, 450, 459, 514–15, 516
Pakistan, relations with, 505, 519
scheduled tribes, 262, 263
Sikkim invasion (1973), 516
statue vandalism (2018), 106
Tibet, relations with, 495, 502
United States, relations with, 504–5
Republic of Salò (1943–1945), 454
Rerighat, Nepal, 174
Reting monastery, Lhasa, 73, 131–2, 436
Reting Rinpoche, 437, 439
Réunion, 22
Reuters, 501
Revolt against the Modern World (Evola), 451
Rex, Tony, 20
rhinos, 29
Rhodes, Cecil, 106
rhododendrons, 334, 336, 337, 339, 344, 345
rhubarb, 136, 156, 273
Ricci, Matteo, 76, 451
rice–lama line, 154, 155
Richardson, Hugh, 497
Dalai Lama, search for (1937–1939), 437, 438
Chongqing liaison officer (1940–1946), 456
Gendun Chopel affair (1946), 486
Gould mission (1936), 436
Heathcote, correspondence with, 149
Tucci’s entry request (1946), 454
von Richthofen, Ferdinand, 295
Riddle of the Tsangpo Gorges, The (Kingdon-Ward), 321
Ridi Bazar, Nepal, 174
Riefenstahl, Leni, 410, 424
Rigzin Dorje Ringang, 402
Rijnhart, Charles, 313
Rijnhart, Petrus, 312–13
Rijnhart, Susanna Carson, 312–13
Rinchen Lhamo, 316
Rinchen Zangpo, 70, 71, 72
Ripley, Sidney Dillon, 461
Ripon, SS, 254
Rishiganga Gorge, 356, 367, 412, 415
Rishikesh, 1, 12
Risley, Herbert Hope, 386
Rite of Spring (Stravinsky), 431
Roberts, Jimmy, 517, 521
Robinson, William, 343–4
Roch, André, 441, 464
rock art, 41–2, 66
rock sediment, 26
Rock, Joseph, 348
Rockhill, William Woodville, 309, 379, 393–4
Roerich, George, 431, 484
Roerich, Helena, 431
Roerich, Nicholas, 430–32
Rohilkhand, Uttar Pradesh, 270
Rohilla, 16, 242, 269–70
Roman Empire (27 BCE– 476 CE), 40, 74
Romanticism, 93, 101, 214, 290, 320, 348, 350, 424
Rome University, 454
Rong-pa, 272
Rongbuk monastery, Tibet, 417, 420, 457, 509
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 429, 492–3
Roosevelt, Theodore, 394
Rosenberg, Alfred, 432
Rositzke, Harry, 505
Ross, James Clark, 325
Roxburgh, William, 326
Roy, William, 225
Royal Air Force (RAF), 421
Royal Asiatic Society, 290, 294
Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, 323, 340, 345, 347
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 314, 322, 323, 326, 333, 339, 346, 348
Royal Botanic Institution, Glasgow, 323
Royal Collection, 126, 128
Royal Geographical Society, 372, 374
Bird’s lecture (1897), 310
Bogle’s papers, 139, 294
Chandra’s honorary award (1908), 396
Goldie’s presidency (1905–1908), 395
Graham’s lecture (1884), 355, 356
Holdich’s presidency (1917–1919), 294, 396
Kishen Singh expedition (1878–1882), 289
Littledale expedition (1895), 315
Manning’s papers, 294
McGovern and, 406
women and, 310, 315
Younghusband’s presidency (1919–1922), 372, 396, 401
Royal Horticultural Society, 343
Royal Hotel, Kathmandu, 469–71, 514, 517
Royal Society, 213, 215, 291
Royle, John Forbes, 327, 340, 341
rubber trade, 339–40
Rubenson, Carl Wilhelm, 367–8
Ruddiman, William, 27
Rudravir Shah, 180
Rugby School, Warwickshire, 283, 402, 406, 407, 437, 461
Ruskin, John, 350
Russell, William Howard, 229–30, 234
Russian Civil War (1917–1923), 431
Russian Empire (1721–1917), 44, 246, 309, 388–9, 390, 430–31
Amur Acquisition (1858–1860), 388
Anglo-Russian Convention (1907), 393, 398
Beijing, missions in, 299, 300–301
Great Game (1830–1895), 289, 357, 376
Lhasa, traders in, 305
Revolution (1917), 44, 400, 431
Tibet, relations with, 388–9, 393, 394, 398
Treaty of Tianjin (1858), 283, 309
wool trade, 276–7
Russian Revolution (1917), 44, 400, 431
Ruttledge, Hugh, 413, 420
Ruwenzori range, 365
Ryder, Charles, 395
Saadat Ali Khan, Nawab of Oudh, 220
Saas-Fee, Switzerland, 359
sadhus, 10
Sadmarkar, 62–3
Safavid Empire (1501–1736), 159, 207
saffron, 276
Saga, Tibet, 58
Sagauli, Bihar, 152
Sagauli Treaty (1816), 195, 196, 236, 239, 260, 263, 279, 376
Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 270, 326, 327, 330
Sakya Buddha, 264
Sakya monastery, Tibet, 90
Sakya Pandita, 88
Sakya school, 73–4, 87–91, 130, 131, 133
Salisbury, Richard, 521
salt, 64, 99, 112, 154, 168, 262, 264, 265
Saltoro Pass, 366
Salvation Army, 312
Salween river, 28, 37
Samarkand, 156
Samrajya Laksmi Devi, 246, 247, 249
Samye monastery, Lhasa, 55, 56, 73, 475
Sangey Phuntsog, 378
sangha, 132
Sangye Gyatso, 135, 210
Sankara, Adi, 12–13, 137
Sankrityayan, Rahul, 483–4, 486
sannyasi, 137, 212
Sansar Chand, Raja of Kangra, 177–81
Sanskrit, 7, 51–2, 75
Santarakshita, 55–6
Sarira Pagoda, Wutaishan, 91
Sathi, 467
sati, 183, 251, 445
Savile Row, London, 257
Schäfer, Ernst, 433, 436, 492
Schlagintweit brothers, 352–5, 360
Schliemann, Heinrich, 432
Schneider Trophy, 422
Schneider, Erwin, 426, 427, 428
Schrom, Thomas, 105
Schweizerische Stiftung für Alpine Forschung, 464
Science, 35
Scott, Hamish, 461
Scott, Robert Falcon, 339, 366
Scott, William, 313
Scythians, 40, 48, 68
Se La, 504
sea lilies, 25, 26
Searle, Mike, 19–21, 23, 26
Secret Doctrine, The (Blavatsky), 430, 431
sedan chairs, 13, 50
self-immolation, 480–81, 498, 499
Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), 75
Sella, Vittorio, 366
Selnang, 55
Sen dynasty, 116, 122
Sengge Namgyal, King of Ladakh, 77
Sengge Rinchen, 283
Sengju, 203
Sephardim, 157
Sequestered Kingdom, The (Chetwode), 450
Sera monastery, Lhasa, 132, 287, 305, 438, 455
Serkhok monastery, Amdo, 299, 300
Seven Years in Tibet (Harrer), 456
Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), 123,
149, 211
Seventeen-Point Agreement (1951), 489
Seventy Thousand Character Petition’ (1962), 496
Seymour-Conway, Richard, 4th Marquess of Hertford, 256
Shabru, 458
Shah dynasty (1559–2008), 85, 106–8, 125
1559–1570 Drubya, 114
1609–1633 Ram, 115, 119
1716–1742 Nara Bhupal, 115–16
1742–1775 Prithvi Narayan, 106–25, 137, 138, 163–6, 199, 214
1775–1777 Pratap Singh, 164
1777–1799 Rana Bahadur, 172–3, 174, 183, 185, 249
1799–1816 Girvan Yuddha, 184, 187–8, 196, 246
1816–1847 Rajendra, 245–53, 279
1847–1881 Surendra, 253
1911–1950 Tribhuvan, 445, 447, 449–50
1950–1951 Gyanendra, 450
1951–1955 Tribhuvan, 107, 457, 458, 460, 468, 469, 470
1955–1972 Mahendra, 107, 110, 460, 470–71, 492, 500, 506, 512–15, 517
1972–2001 Birendra, 107, 109–10, 513, 515, 516
2001–2008 Gyanendra, 106, 107, 108, 516–17
Shah, Brahma, 195
Shah, Fateh Jang, 252
Shah, Sher Bahadur, 183
Shaivism, 16, 46, 85, 209
Shakti, 264
shaligram, 12
Shalu monastery, Tibet, 90
shamanism, 41, 66, 78, 112, 113
Shamarpa, 168, 170
Shambhala, 63, 78, 79, 210, 302, 431
Shangdu, Yuan Empire, 92
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 37
Shanghai, China, 318, 382, 384, 469, 486
Shangri-La, 14, 78, 79, 302, 429, 430
Shangri-La City, Yunnan, 79
Shankha Mani, 118
Shantiniketan, Bengal, 451
Shanxi province, China, 43, 91
Shap-pe, 398
Shaposhnikova, Elena Ivanovna, 431
Sharada, 510
Shastri, Shukra Raj, 447
Shaukas, 263
shawl wool, see wool trade
sheep, 29, 36, 271, 276, 315
Shenzhen, Guangdong, 32
Sherab Gyatso, 483, 485, 496
Sheridan, Richard, 139
Sherpas, 328–9, 520–25
British Everest expedition (1922), 409
British Everest expedition (1936), 419
British Everest expedition (1953), 459, 465–8, 507
Chapman expedition (1937), 414
education, 518, 521
emigration, 522
genetics, 32, 37
Herzog expedition (1950), 463
Himalayan Trust, 518
hospitality, 155
Icefall avalanche (2014), 520–25
Kabru and, 357, 368
Kellas expedition (1911), 369
Merkl expedition (1934), 427
potato consumption, 328–9
Rubenson expedition (1907), 368
Shipton expedition (1934), 412
Steck expedition violence (2013), 520
Swiss Everest expedition (1952), 441
Swiss Kedarnath expedition (1947), 441–3, 464
tourism and, 521–2
Tucci expedition (1948), 454, 461
Wien expedition (1937), 428