A Full Life: Reflections at Ninety
Page 26
Chennault, Claire, 49
Chernenko, Konstantin, 150
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 49
Chile, 130, 174
China, 30, 47, 50
civil war in, 49, 51
rebirth of Christianity in, 134–35
China, Nationalist, 49, 51, 165–66
China, People’s Republic of, 51, 190, 192, 198, 225, 234
JC’s policy in normalizing relations with, 116, 165–68, 184, 186, 203
rising global strength of, 186, 236
village elections in, 167–68
Christopher, Warren, 141
Chrysler Corporation, 151–52
Church, Frank, 114
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 3, 132, 161
CIA, 122, 130, 173, 175, 178–79
Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission, 182
Civil Aeronautics Board, 148
civil rights, 59, 78–79, 90, 162
LBJ’s promotion of, 89
murdered workers for, 201
Civil Service, U.S., 60
Civil War, U.S., 4, 155, 162
clairvoyance, 197
Clark, Jack, 8, 9, 16, 20
Clark, Rachel, 8, 9, 19, 26, 28
Clinch River Breeder Reactor, 161, 193
Clinton, Bill, 220–21
JC’s relationship with, 235, 236
presidency of, 162, 187, 188, 214, 215–16, 236
Clinton, Hillary, 221, 236
Closing the Gap Consultation, 226
Cohen, William, 144
Cold War, 42, 55, 56, 116, 117, 149–51
nuclear threat in, 199–200
Coleman, Julia, 24, 34, 96–97
college:
JC’s education at, 20, 28, 30–31
JC’s goal in establishment of, 87–88
Colombia, 130, 157–58
Columbus, Ga., 83, 87, 103
communism, 79, 133, 214
Chinese, 49, 167–68
in Latin America, 174, 186, 187, 188
Soviet, 149, 151
Congo, Democratic Republic of (formerly Zaire), 179, 214
Congress, U.S., 113, 129, 144, 148, 158, 170, 178, 181, 182, 187, 191
JC’s bid for, 1, 91
JC’s relations with, 119, 136–38, 149, 167, 175, 184–85, 193, 202
opposition to civil rights in, 59, 141
Constitution, U.S., 165, 202
Fourteenth Amendment of, 101
Coolidge, Calvin, 121
cotton farming, 12–13, 19–20, 26, 69, 71, 72, 204
Country Music Association, 161
“county unit” voting system in Georgia, 80
criminal justice system, 101–4, 109
Croatians, 217
Crow, Carl, 84–85
Crown of Saint Stephen, 168–69
cruise missiles, 147, 149
Cruz, Eloy, 95
Cuba, 95–96, 179, 189, 214, 236
JC’s policy on, 116
U.S. tensions with, 186–88
Czechoslovakia, 150
Dayan, Moshe, 156
DeConcini, Dennis, 160–61
Defense Department, U.S., 113, 175, 178–79, 192
Democratic National Conventions, 236
of 1948, 162
of 1972, 106
of 1976, 114
of 1980, 201
of 2008, 220–21
Democratic party:
Carter family in, 80–90, 121
in Congress, 137–38, 159, 170, 182, 190
in Georgia, 28–29, 83, 89–90, 91–92, 100, 104, 108
JC’s relationship with, 203
national, 105, 106–8, 110, 113, 162, 183, 202, 207
Deng Xiaoping, 134–35, 166–68, 186
Desert One, 171–72
Dewey, Thomas, 29, 44
disease, Carter Center’s programs for eradication of, 210–11, 236
“Dixiecrats,” 59, 162
Dobrynin, Anatoly, 150
Dole, Robert, 160
Dolvin, Emily (JC’s aunt), 113
Dominican Republic, 179, 211
dracunculiasis (guinea worm), 210–11
drug trade, 106, 125, 130
ongoing problem of, 177–78
Eagleton, Thomas, 106
economic embargoes:
on Cuba, 186–88
on North Korea, 186, 188, 190, 191–92
Ecuador, 174
education, 87–88, 105, 124–25, 208
ongoing religious issues in, 183–84
Education Department, U.S., 144
Egypt, in Middle East Peace initiatives, 152–56, 203, 221, 226
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 29, 158, 170
Eizenstat, Stuart, 112, 138
election campaign funding, 117, 182–83
election fraud, 83–87, 226
elections:
Georgia gubernatorial (1970), 98–101
Georgia Senate, 81–88, 82
international, 222–23, 236
elections, U.S.:
of 1948, 41–42, 59, 162
of 1964, 89, 162
of 1968, 162
of 1972, 105–6, 114, 163
of 1976, 1, 52, 106, 117, 147, 150, 152, 180, 182, 183, 225
of 1980, 144–45, 161, 173, 182, 184, 201–2, 203
of 1988, 143
of 2000, 235
of 2012, 182
Electric Boat Company (later General Dynamics Corporation), 55
Elizabeth, Queen Mother, 147
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 147
ELMO (election monitoring device), 222–23
El Salvador, 174
Emory University, 99, 208, 230
JC’s academic role at, 206–8, 210, 225
Emory University Hospital, 65, 212
Energy Department, U.S., 144
energy policy, 197–99, 202, 203
entrepreneurship, 8, 12, 29
environment, JC’s advocacy for, 75, 105, 170–71, 184–85, 197–99, 202, 208, 234
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 181
Eskimos, 169–70
Ethiopia, 211–12, 214
Cuban troops in, 186–87
European Union, 219
evangelism, evangelicals, 78–79
involvement with religious right of, 183–84, 228
missions of, see missionaries
moderate, 183
Everything to Gain (Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter), 226
Fabiola, Queen of Belgium, 130
Faircloth, Tink, 75–76
Falwell, Jerry, 183–84
family planning, 200–201
Family Tree Maker, 3
farming, 19–22, 136
business aspects of, 71–73, 80, 88, 98, 204, 238
in JC’s boyhood, 2, 5–22, 26, 28, 29, 30, 75, 227, 237
JC’s career in, 1–2, 66, 69–80, 74, 98, 100, 111–12, 230, 238
see also agriculture
Fatah, 219
Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail ’72 (Thompson), 109
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 164, 175–76
Finland, 188
fishing, commercial, 170, 186
flag, U.S., in Panama crisis, 158
Florida, 111, 112, 114, 235
fly-fishing, 123–25, 228
Ford, Betty, 233
Ford, Gerald, 157, 159–60, 233
JC’s respect for, 117, 118, 232, 234–35
as 1976 Republican candidate, 117, 147, 150, 182, 183
Nixon pardoned by, 113, 117, 143
presidency of, 119, 121, 158, 165
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA; 1978), 180
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISA court), 180
foreign relations, 129–30
government coordination of, 175
JC’s post-presidential involvement in, 208, 212, 214–222
JC’s priorities in, 116
JC’s promotion of Georgia in, 105, 146
reli
gious issues in, 133–35
see also specific countries
Forrester, E. L., “Tic,” 67–68
France, 145, 190, 198
Freeman, Orville, 90
Fukuda, Takeo, 185
Future Farmers of America, 21–22
Gallup, George, poll of, 108
Gaza, 214, 219
Geer, Peter Zack, 86–87
genealogy, of Carter family, 3–5
General Dynamics Corporation, see Electric Boat Company
Geneva, Switzerland, 152, 154, 211
Geneva Conventions, 181, 228
Georgetown, Ga., 81–83, 84–85
George Washington University, 121
Georgia, 123
films shot in, 109
JC’s political career in, see Carter, Jimmy, Georgia political career
politics in, 28–29, 80–88, 98–101, 201
Georgia, University of, 91, 107, 108, 123
Georgia Board of Education, 78, 86
Georgia Southwestern State University (Georgia Southwestern College), 30–31, 79, 87–88, 223
Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles, 103
Georgia Tech (Georgia Institute of Technology), 33, 112, 126, 157
Germany, 105, 145–46, 149–50, 173, 190, 198
Gettysburg Address, 155
Ghana, 211
Gideon v. Wainwright, 101, 103
Gierek, Edward, 133–34
glasnost, 151
Glenn, John, 114
global warming, 195
Goldwater, Barry, 89
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 151
Gordon, Jan, 41
Gordy, Dorothy, 31–32, 51
Gordy, Jim Jack, 29
Gordy, Tom, 30–32, 51–52
Gore, Al, 162, 214
Graham, Billy, 78, 104, 132
Gravel, Mike, 170
Great Britain, 49, 52, 128, 129, 140, 145, 190, 198
Great Depression, 26, 29, 73, 237
Greene, Annelle, 36, 38
Gromyko, Andrei, 150–51
Guam, 31
Guantánamo, torture at, 181
Guatemala, 174
Gulf Coast, 176, 221
Gunter, William, 143–44
Habitat for Humanity, 66, 164, 169, 221, 223, 224, 225, 230
Haig, Alexander, 143
Haiti, 174, 211, 215–16, 225
Hamas, 214, 219–20
Harding, Warren, 121
Harpster, Wayne, 123–24
Harris, Fred, 114
Harvard Divinity School, 230
Harvard University, 23
Hatch Act (1939), 29
Hatfield, Mark, 160–61
Hathaway, Bill, 144
Havana, Cuba, U.S. “interest section” in, 186–87
Hawaii, 31, 43, 45, 51, 52, 53
Hayakawa, S. I., 161
health care, 226
Carter Center’s global commitment to, 208, 210–11
JC’s advocacy for, 105, 137, 208, 210–11
Helms, Jesse, 160
Helms-Burton law (1996), 187
Hiroshima, atomic bomb dropped on, 36
Hispaniola, 211
Hochman, Steven, 208
Hollis, Annie Mae, 28, 65–66
Home in Plains, Christmas (Jimmy Carter), 205
homeland security, 202
privacy issues and, 179–81
Honduras, 174
Hong Kong, 49
Honolulu, Hawaii, 43, 45
Hoover, Herbert, 131
Hope, Bob, 127
Hornet’s Nest, The (Jimmy Carter), 228
Horowitz, Vladimir, 34, 131
hostage crisis, 203
1980 election and, 201–2
rescue attempt in, 171–73
Hour Before Daylight, An (Jimmy Carter), 227
House of Representatives, U.S., 137–38, 144, 147
Democratic majority in, 108
Hua Guofeng, 166
Hufstedler, Shirley, 144
human rights:
JC’s commitment to, 2, 116, 118, 134, 140–42, 146, 149–50, 172, 174, 187, 188, 203, 208, 217, 218, 228–29, 236
violations, 181, 229
Human Rights Defenders Forums, 229
Humphrey, Hubert, 90, 105, 116, 162–63
Humphrey, Muriel, 90, 162
Hungary, 150, 225
return of St. Stephen’s Crown to, 168–69
Hurst, Joe, 83–86
Hussein, King of Jordan, 152, 154
Hussein, Saddam, 173
Iacocca, Lee, 151
Idaho, 123, 170
“I Have a Dream” speech, 101–2
Illinois, 114
incarceration, 181
expanding rate of, 178, 228
India, 129, 190, 228
rising global strength of, 236
integration, 90, 101
of housing, 67–68
JC’s support for, 22–23, 33–34, 41–42, 44, 61, 78–79, 90–91
of schools, 80, 91, 125
intelligence agencies:
ongoing fragmentation in, 178–79
privacy issues and, 179–81
Interior Department, U.S., 143
Internal Revenue Service, 70
International Atomic Energy Agency, 190
International Criminal Court, 218–19
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 128
International Quartet, 219
International Task Force for Disease Eradication, 211
Iowa, JC’s campaign in, 110, 112, 114
Iran, 170
hostage crisis with, 171–73, 184, 201–2, 203
sanctions against, 173
Iran-Iraq war, 198, 203
Iraq, 173
Ireland, 189
Islamic Society of North America, 230
Israel, 105, 129, 163, 190
in Middle East peace initiatives, 152–56, 203, 219–22, 226, 229
U.S. relations with, 116, 141, 152
Israeli-Egyptian Peace Treaty, 153, 203, 221
Carter family at dinner for, 120
Italy, 145
“I Wanted to Share My Father’s World” (Jimmy Carter), 14
Izetbegović, Alija, 217–18
Jackson, Andrew, 75
Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 105–6, 114
Japan, 30, 105, 130, 145, 160, 167, 190, 192, 211, 226, 230
automobile manufacturing in, 152, 186
economic competition from, 185–86
in World War II, 31, 36, 49
Jefferson, Thomas, 118
Jerusalem, 156, 219, 220
Jewish-American community and politics, 114, 220–21
Jewish emigration:
from Soviet Union, 150
from Syria, 139–40
Jim Crow laws, 28
Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project, 223
Jimmy Carter: Man from Plains, 220
Jimmy Carter Regional Airport, 4
John Birch Society, 79, 159
John Paul II, Pope (Karol Józef Wojtyła), 133
Johnson, Alvan, 23–24
Johnson, Lady Bird, 233
Johnson, Lyndon, 89–90, 121, 162
presidency of, 107, 158
Johnson, William Decker, 23
Jordan, Hamilton, 91, 99, 104, 106–8, 112, 141, 175
Jordan, in Middle East peace initiatives, 152–56, 226
Justice Department, U.S., 187
K-1, USS (“Killer 1”), 55–59, 60, 61
Kahn, Alfred, 148
Karadžić, Radovan, 214, 216–19
Katrina, Hurricane, 176, 221
Kaunda, Kenneth, 140
Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President (Jimmy Carter), 154, 204, 229
Kennedy, Bobby, 101
Kennedy, Edward, 105, 106, 108–9, 111
political opposition of, 137, 173, 201–2, 203
Kennedy, John F., 80, 101, 107, 113, 118
Kennedy Center Honors program, 131–32
Kennedy Presid
ential Library, 229
Kennedy Space Center, 196
Kenya, 129
Kenyatta, Jomo, 129
Kerry, John, 221, 236
Kerry, Teresa, 221
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 170, 171, 202
Khrushchev, Nikita, 199
Kim Il Sung, 191, 214–15
Kim Jong Il, 215
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 59, 101, 140
family of, 114
King, Martin Luther, Sr., 99, 114
Kirbo, Charles, 84, 106, 108, 136
Kirkland, Lane, 182
Koch brothers, 182
Konigsmark, Nancy, 91
Korean peninsula, 191–92
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of, 214–15, 225
see also North Korea; South Korea
Korean War, 53, 167, 188, 191, 214
Kostelanetz, Andre, 131
Kraft, Tim, 110
Ku Klux Klan, 79, 201
labor unions, 181–82
Labour Party, 145
Landon, Alf, 29
Laos, 186, 225
Latin America, 129–30, 157–58, 174, 178
abortion outlawed in, 201
Carter Center programs for, 208, 210
election monitoring in, 222
revolutionary movements in, 187
Laugharne, Welsh home of Dylan Thomas at, 145–46
Leary, Ga., UFO sighting in, 196–97
Lebanon, 226
Liberia, 223
Lichtblau, Eric, 180
Life on a Killer Submarine (Jimmy Carter), 57–58
Lincoln, Abraham, 118, 155
Lincoln Memorial, JC’s speech at, 101–2
Linowitz, Sol, 159
Lions Clubs, 71, 80, 81, 98, 196
Living Faith (Jimmy Carter), 227
Lock Haven, Pa., “pioneer mission” to, 92–95, 97
London, England:
G7 summit meeting in, 133, 145–47, 150
International Quartet meeting in, 219–20
long-range missiles, 199–200
Los Angeles, USS, 193, 194
Louisiana, 59
Lukash, William, 125, 126
Lumumba, Patrice, 179
lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), 210–11
McCarthy, Eugene, 105
McCarthy, Joe, 49
McFadden, Tom, 126
McGovern, George, 105–6, 163
Maddox, Bob, 183
Maddox, Lester, 91–92, 105
malaria, 210–11
Mandela, Nelson, 141
Mansfield, Mike, 160–61
Mao Tse-tung, 49
Marathon (Witcover), 117
Mariam, Mengistu Haile, 214
Mariel Boatlift, 187
marijuana, 125, 177
Marshall, George, 49
Marshall, Tom, 85, 103
Massachusetts, 113
Mays, Benjamin, 114
Meany, George, 182
Meir, Golda, 105, 129
mental health, 106, 223
of former servicemen, 99
Methodists, 71, 77, 90
Mexico, 55, 130, 188, 198, 225
Carter family trip to, 79
Middle East, JC’s peace initiatives in, 2, 116, 133, 152–57, 203, 208, 219–22, 226, 229, 235, 236
Milošević, Slobodan, 214, 217–19