Cook, Edith, 153
Cook, Frederick: Antarctic work of, 54, 102–4, 131; Denali expeditions of, 95, 103, 117–18, 274, 284n7; North Pole expedition of, 22–23, 28, 117–18, 145, 151–56, 259–60, 263, 272–73; public image of, 153, 156, 273–76; versus Peary, 259–60, 272–78, 282; with Peary, 25, 28, 42, 102–3
Cook, James, xvi, 51–52
Copenhagen, Denmark, 259, 272–73
Cornell University, 104, 146, 198
Cotopaxi, 88
Cowes Week, 121
crevasses, 142, 173, 175–82, 234, 241–44, 271, 311n43
Crocker Land, 113, 151
Croker, George, 100, 113
Crowley, Aleister, 219
Croz, Michel, 84–85, 87
Daily Mail (London), 266
Darjeeling, India, 96, 216
Darwin, Charles, 67–68
David, Cara, 68, 127, 270, 297n26
David, T. W. Edgeworth, 263, 282; as geologist, 64, 137–38; as glaciologist, 64, 129–30, 166; character of, 68–70, 127–28, 137–38, 164–67, 170–71, 184, 240–46, 270–71, 278–80, 290n51; joins Nimrod Expedition, 50–51, 64–69, 124–28; Mawson and, 69–70, 73, 165, 170, 184, 206, 269–72; Mount Erebus climb of, 132–36; northern sledge journey of, 141, 143, 163–74, 183–85, 213–14, 236–46
Davis, John King, 245
Day, Bernard, 168
De Filippi, Filippo, 216–37, 261–62, 266
De Long, George, 10
Dedrick, Thomas, 34–39, 41–43
Delta Kappa Epsilon, 116
Denali (mountain), 95, 103, 117–18, 274, 383–84n7
Denmark, 154, 272–73, 275, 277
Detroit Free Press, 275
Devon Island, 259
Dickens, Charles, xvi, 85
dip, compass needle, 185
Discovery (ship), 55
Discovery Expedition: Antarctic activities of, 51–64, 130, 139, 163–67, 186; planning for, 55, 59–61, 65–66; Shackleton and, 45, 60–64, 123–24, 132–34, 178, 189
dogs: advantages of for sledging, 141–42; Peary’s use of, 28–29, 36–44, 105–14, 141, 150, 157–62, 195–98, 255–56; Peary’s view of, 34, 209, 281; use of by British, 7, 61–63; use of for food, 16–21, 29, 37, 62–63, 110, 112, 195, 285n42; use of in Antarctic, 61–63, 123–24, 268; use of in Arctic, xix, 7, 11, 12–21, 150–52, 192, 198–208, 272–73
Douglas, Francis, 83–85
Doyle, Arthur Conan, xvii, 280
Dras Valley, 222–23
Dreadnought (ship), 121
Dry Valley, 164–65, 170–71, 239
Drygalski Glacier, 239
Drygalski Ice Tongue, 172–74, 183, 240, 243–45
Duke of the Abruzzi: Africa and, 90–92, 266, 282; Arctic expedition of, xvi, 12–21, 30, 40, 45–46, 74, 101, 123, 141, 149, 281, 285nn48–50; celebrity status of, xvi, 3, 21, 74–75, 92–95; character of, 12–14, 20, 75, 93, 95, 266, 279; Karakoram expedition of, 95–96, 143–44, 215–16, 218–37, 260–62, 280; Katherine Elkins and, 1–3, 94, 278; mountaineering by, xx, 74–75, 82, 86–88, 266, 292–93n45; naval service of, 93–95, 278; Peary and, 108–9, 266, 277–78
Eagle Island, 45, 146, 206, 263, 276–77, 279, 282
East Antarctic Ice Sheet, 163, 179, 163–67, 243. See also Great Ice Plateau; Polar Plateau
Eckenstein, Oscar, 219–20
Ecuador, 88
Edward VII, xv, 80, 93, 120–22, 219, 263
Edward VII Land. See King Edward VII Land
Edward VIII, 120
Egingwah, 205, 211–12
Elephant Island, 269
Elkins, Katherine, 1–3, 94, 219, 278
Ellesmere Island, 6–9, 36–43, 46, 99, 102, 106, 143, 148, 151, 259; exploration of, 113–14, 158
Encyclopedia Britannica, 221
Endurance (ship), 269
England, 120–22, 172, 209, 267, 276. See also Britain
Eratosthenes, 4
Erebus (ship), 52
Erik (ship), 42, 146, 150–54, 156
Eskimo, as Peary’s term for Inuit, xx, 24, 29, 33, 104, 192
Etah, Greenland, 39–43, 117, 149–53, 156, 194, 259–60
Etukishuk, 151, 259–60
Evening Post (New York), 2
Exploration, Age of, xvi, 144
Explorer’s Club (New York), 103, 274–75
farthest north, 9–10, 15–17, 44, 74, 108–11, 157
farthest south, 48, 52, 59–61, 166, 178, 190
Fenoillet, Alexis, 15, 20
Ferrar, Hartley, 66–67
Fort Conger, 9–10, 35–38, 41, 99, 104, 149
Fort Portal, Uganda, 91
Foundation for the Promotion of the Art of Navigation, 213
Fram (ship), 11–12, 19, 30, 36, 38, 100, 273
France, 51, 56, 99, 278
Franke, Rudolph, 117, 151–54, 156
Frankenstein (book), xvii, 5, 77
Franklin, John, 4, 267
Franklin searches, 4, 6–7, 82
Franz Joseph Land, 12–21, 101
Frobisher, Martin, 4
frostbite, 14, 16, 104, 143, 198, 240, 245, 248, 266
Funafuti Islands, 67–69, 127
Furious Fifties, 51, 126–27
Gagarin, Yuri, 281
Gasherbrum massif, 231, 233
geography, study of, 53–56, 65, 88–89, 101–2
geology, science of, 50, 65–71, 223; Antarctic research in, 132, 137, 164–65, 184
George V, 121, 163
Gerlache, Adrian de, 55, 280
Germany, 55, 87, 99
Giordano, Felice, 83
glaciers, 62, 90–92, 137, 166, 179–83, 218–19, 224–48, 281
Glasgow, Scotland, 74, 95
Glenn, John, 281
Godwin-Austin, Henry, 219
Godwin-Austin Glacier, 219, 226–28, 230–32
Goodsell, John, 147, 151, 159, 161, 194–98, 258
Great Ice Barrier, 52, 58–59, 61, 129–30, 166. See also Ross Ice Shelf
Great Ice Plateau, 179, 192–205, 214. See also Polar Plateau
Great Rift Valley, 65
Great Trigonometrical Survey, 96, 217–19
Greely, Adolphus, 9–11, 35, 38, 103, 273
Greely Expedition (1881–84), 19, 35, 39–41
Greenland, 38–43, 99, 104–6, 112, 117, 149–52, 272, 281; expeditions to, 6–10, 13–14, 22–31, 88, 154–55, 288n47
Gregory, J. W., 65–66
Grinnell Land, 45
Grizi (pony), 178, 246, 250, 252
Hadow, Douglas, 84–85
Hampton, Benjamin, 275
Hampton’s Magazine, 148, 211
Hanson, Nicolai, 58
Harmsworth, Alfred, 34–35
Harper and Brothers, 209
Harrow School, 86
Harvard College, 33, 86
Heart of the Antarctic, In the (book), 266
Henson, Matthew: 1898–92 expedition work of, 34–45; 1905–07 expedition work of, 104–11, 114–15; 1908–09 expedition work of, 97, 150–52, 159–62, 194–214, 256–60; Greenland expeditions work of, 25, 28–29; Inuit and, 159; relationship with Peary of, 25, 97, 146–49, 198–200, 210–12, 256–57, 306n58, 306n62, 308n90
Herbert, Wally, 37, 107, 110, 213, 255
Hillary, Edmund, 280
Himalaya Mountains: exploration of, 96, 102, 146; mountaineering in, xv, 3, 75, 88, 95–96, 143–44, 234, 280. See also Karakoram Mountains
Home of the Blizzard, The (book), 271
Hooker, Joseph, 54
Hörnli Ridge, 83–84
Howchin, Walter, 68–69
Hubbard Medal, 115
Hudson, Charles, 83–85
Hudson, Henry, 4
hunting, big game, 27, 30, 152, 158, 171
Hurst, William Randolph, 135
Hut Point, xix, 130–31, 139–43, 247, 253–54, 269
ice: fascination with, xvi, 5, 76–77, 127, 279
ice ages, 64–65, 69, 73, 137
ice pack, 40, 43, 51–52
ice sheet, 1
63, 281. See also East Antarctic Ice Shelf
icebergs, 128–29
igloos: use of, 34, 106–7, 112, 161, 192, 195, 201–3, 210, 256–58
Illustrated London News, 86
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914–16), 268–69
imperialism, 89–92, 102, 121
Independence Bay, 25–27, 29, 41
India, 96, 217–26, 261
Indian Harbor, Labrador, 274
Indus River, 217, 222–23
industrialization, 75, 281
International Geographical Congresses, 26, 54, 98, 101, 112, 147
Inuit, 23, 272–76; American Museum of Natural History and, 31; Peary’s 1898–1902 expedition and, 33–45; Peary’s 1905–06 expedition and, 104–14; Peary’s 1908–09 expedition and, xx, 105, 157–62, 191–214, 257–59; Peary’s Greenland expeditions and, 24, 29; Peary’s view of 35, 104–5, 109, 146–55, 158–59, 301n55
Inukitosoq, 258–59
Ireland, 49, 282
Isserman, Maurice, 231
Italian Alpine Club, 83, 215, 266
Italian Geographical Society, 265
Italy, 12–21, 81–85, 90–95, 101, 111, 215–16, 229, 260, 278
Jackson, Frederick, 12
Jacot-Guillarmot, Jules, 219
Jammu and Kashmir, 220, 222. See also Kashmir
Jane Eyre (book), xvii
Jeannette (ship), 10, 11, 56, 272–73
Jesup, Morris K., 32–34, 46, 100–101, 115–16, 149, 210
Johansen, Hjalmar, 11–12
K2 (mountain), xx, 96, 116, 216–19, 221, 225–32, 262, 280; Duke of the Abruzzi’s expedition to, 215, 226–37
Kabru (mountain), 216
Kane, Elisha Kent, 25, 209
Karakoram Mountains, 95–96, 145, 216–19, 222–37, 260–61, 280–81
Kashmir, 217–23, 260–62
kayaks: use of, 11–12, 15–21
King Edward VII Land, 124
Klondike, 165
Kudlooktoo, 258–59
Labrador, 262, 266, 274
Lady Franklin Bay Expedition (1881–84). See Greely Expedition
Lake Tanganyika, 89
Lake Victoria, 89–91
Lapland, 23
Larsen Glacier, 174, 183, 241
Lauder, Harry, 168
“Lead, Kindly Light” (hymn), 169, 246
leads, sea-ice, 8, 16–21, 40, 199–208, 257–59; Peary halted by, 44, 106–8, 193–96
Lee, Hugh, 29
lecturing, public, 27–28, 48–51, 63, 209, 276–77
Leopold II, 90
Libya, 278
Liguria (ship), 21
Lincoln Sea, 156
Lindbergh, Charles, 281
Lion Ridge, 83–84
Livingstone, David, xvi, 56, 90, 272
Lockwood, James, 9–10, 39
London, 56, 65, 80, 122; explorers’ reception in, 26, 54, 263
London, Jack, 3
London Daily News, xviii, 273
longitude, measurement of, 23, 206–7
Longstaff, Llewellyn W., 60–61
Luigi Amedeo, Prince. See Duke of the Abruzzi
Lyttelton, New Zealand, 122, 125–27
Mackay, Forbes, 133, 138, 254; northern sledge journey work of, 143, 164–67, 183–85, 214, 238–46
MacMillan, Donald, 147, 159, 161, 195–98, 258
magnetic observations, 165–66, 185
magnetic poles, 165–67. See also south magnetic pole
magnetism. See terrestrial magnetism
Maigaard, Christian, 23–24
Maine, 45, 104, 146, 263, 276–77
Mallory, George, 236
Manfred (epic poem), 78
manliness, conceptions of, 32, 85–87, 147–48, 279, 299n11
Marble Point, 239
Markham, Albert H., 7–8, 26, 40, 43, 267
Markham, Clements R., 6–9, 55
Marsdon, George, 138
Marseilles, France, 215, 262
Marshall, Eric, 133–35, 141–43; religious views of, 138, 181; Shackleton and, 138, 142, 179, 206, 297n34; southern sledge journey work of, 175–82, 186–90, 246–54
Marvin, Ross: 1905–06 expedition work of, 104–5; 1908–09 expedition work of, 146, 153, 159, 161, 194–205, 258–59
Mathews, Shailer, 276
Matterhorn, 3, 12, 78, 81–88, 116, 226
Mawson, Douglas, xvi, 227, 282; character of, 58, 70–72, 241, 271, 278, 280; geological work of, 69–73, 137–38; Nimrod Expedition and, 50–51, 64, 124–25, 133–35, 254, 263, 269–70; northern sledge journey work of, 141, 143, 164–74, 183–85, 206, 213–14, 238–46, 267
McKinley, William, 32, 98
McMurdo Sound, 130–31, 140, 164–65
Meditations (book), 70
Melbourne, Australia, 47–49, 53, 59
Melbourne Observatory, 58
Melville, George, 273–75
merchant marine, 60
Messines, Battle of, 272
meteorites, recovered by Peary, 29–32
meteorology, study of, 55, 58, 73, 128
Mexico, 69
Mill, Hugh Robert, 123
Minik (or Mene), 154–55
Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (book), 56
Mont Blanc, 75–83, 87, 216, 226
Monte Rosa, 86–87
Montgomerie, Thomas, 217
Monzino, Guido, 146
Moore, Charles, 32
Morgan, Pierpont, 100
motion pictures, 144, 262
Mount Erebus, xix, 52, 131–36, 267
Mount Everest, 218, 236, 280
Mount Harmukh, 217
Mount Hope, 179
Mount Illampu, 95
Mount Kangchenjunga, 75, 96
Mount Kenya, 65
Mount Larsen, 174, 183, 241
Mount Lindesay, 53
Mount Saint Elias, 3, 12–13, 75, 88, 91, 93, 230
Mount Stanley, 92
Mount Terror, 52
Mount Vernon, Virginia, 94
mountaineering, xvi–xvii, 3, 75–96; Antarctic, 132–36; criticized, 85–86; elitist aspects of, 74–75, 78–81, 85–87, 291n17; guided, 76, 79–85, 91–92, 219, 229; Himalayan, 95–96, 217–19; popularization of, 80–81, 86–88
Mountains of the Moon, 89–90. See also Ruwenzori Range
Mumbai, India, 216, 220, 262
Mummery, Albert, 86–87
Murchison, Rodney, 89
Muslim, 220–22, 224
Mussolini, Benito, 278
Mylius-Erichsen, Ludvig, 154
Nansen, Fridtjof, 53, 121–24, 182, 209, 267, 270, 281; Arctic exploration by, 10–14, 16–20, 30, 34, 45; Peary and, 24–26, 33, 40, 44, 46, 105–9, 286n6
Nansen Sound, 151
Nares, George, 6–9, 43, 105, 273–74, 280
Nares Expedition. See British Arctic Exploration of 1875–76
Nares Strait, 104, 156, 259
Nathorst, Alfred, 30
Nation (London), 267
National Geographic Society, 45–46, 115, 213, 274–77
National Weather Service (United States), 9
nationalism: American, 33, 45–46, 98–99, 115–16, 214, 258, 312n88; British, 49–50, 185, 189, 267; Italian, 14, 17, 92
Natural History Museum, 65
Negrotto, Federico, 215, 227, 233
Nepal, 96, 218
Nevado Huasearán (mountain), 95
New Hebrides Islands, 71–72
New South Wales, Australia, 64, 67, 70
New York City, 29–30, 103–4, 120, 145–46; explorers’ reception in, 45, 93–95, 97, 114–15, 153, 263
New York Evening Globe, 265
New York Herald, 56, 90, 277; Cook and, 118, 153, 260, 272–74
New York Times, xv, 2, 20–21, 46, 93; Peary and, 118, 213, 260–63, 265, 274–77
New York World, 154
New Zealand, 127–28, 243, 253–54, 270; Antarctic expeditions stopping at, 59, 122, 125–26, 247, 263, 266–67
Newfoundland, 104
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Newnes, George, 56–57
newspapers: exploration coverage of, 25, 56, 117–18, 149, 265–66, 272–78; Peary criticized in, 153–56, 274–76
Nicaragua, 24–25
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 87
Nile River, 89–90
Nimrod (ship), 120–22, 124–25, 167, 183, 191, 239–40, 247, 250
Nimrod Expedition (1908–09), 268–69, 174, 191, 243–44, 253–54; 263, 266; at sea, 51, 122, 125–31; at winter quarters, 130–44, 163–67; launching of, 47–51, 64, 120–26, 146. See also northern sledge journey; southern sledge journey
Nobel Prize, 281
Nooktah, 31
Nordenskiöld, Adolf, 23–24, 286n4
Norgay, Tenzing, 280
North Pole: American claims to, 98, 101, 210–14, 259–60, 273–77; as goal, xv, 3–24, 30–34, 43, 101, 115–16, 175, 258, 268, 280; in cultural imagination, 77, 82, 117–19, 276; race to, 46, 60, 99, 277
North Star Bay, Greenland, 152
northern sledge journey (Nimrod Expedition), 139, 163–74, 182–85, 238–46
Northwest Passage, xvii, 4–6, 282
Norton, Edward, 236
Norway, 9–13, 25, 30, 33, 53, 88
Nova Scotia, 104
Ollier, Cesare, 91–92
Oogueah, 205
Oomanui, 151
Ootah, 205, 212, 258
Osborn, Bradley, 153
Oslo, Norway, 12. See also Christiania, Norway
Oyster Bay, New York, 97, 118, 146
Pacific Ocean, 65–66, 71
pack ice. See ice pack
Pakistan, 218
Panama Canal, 116
Panikpah, 194
Paris, France, 278
Paris Geographical Society, 101
Parish, Henry, 34
Parker, Herschel, 118
Parr, Alfred, 9
Parry, William, 4, 5, 209, 267
Peary, Josephine (Jo), 34; correspondence with Robert Peary, 38, 41–42, 300–301n37; in Arctic, 25, 28–29, 42, 45, 118, 147–49, 152, 155
Peary, Marie, 28, 42, 45, 148–49
Peary, Mary P., 23–25, 27, 42, 45
Peary, Robert E., xvi, xx, 123, 171, 175, 182, 227; 1898–1902 expedition of, 32–45, 154; 1905–06 expedition of, 97–114; 1908–09 expedition of, 116–20, 143–62, 191–214, 255–60, 262–63; character of, 23–27, 37–38, 44–46, 116, 198, 209, 273–79; claims questioned of, 24, 26, 108–13, 154, 201, 205–9, 213–14, 255–56, 273–77, 286n6, 286n10, 307n88, 312n77; Cook and, 22–23, 259–60, 272–82, 300n27, 300n29, 300n32, 300n37; Duke of the Abruzzi and, 95, 215–16; Greenland expeditions of, 10–11, 13–14, 23–31, 149, 154, 288n47; leadership skills of, 158–59, 161, 192, 194–96, 198–201, 256, 299n6, 306–7n67; physical handicaps of, 32–38, 158, 161, 256–57; public image of, 153–56, 265–66, 274–77
Peary Arctic Club, 32–34, 38, 46, 100, 105, 116–18, 153, 274
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