Accidental State

by Hsiao-ting Lin

  4. CINCPAC to MAAG Taipei and the State Department, December 7, 1954, ROCA, reel 37.

  5. Accinelli, Crisis and Commitment, 185–189; Soman, Double-Edged Sword, 130–131.

  6. CKSD, diary entries for January 20, 21, and 22, 1955, Box 51.

  7. Accinelli, Crisis and Commitment, 190–194. The withdrawal was completed by February 11, 1955, and soon thereafter the PLA peacefully occupied the Dachens.

  8. CKSD, diary entries for January 29, 30, and 31, 1955, Box 51.

  9. Dulles to the State Department, March 4, 1955, FRUS 1955–1957: China, 323–324; CKSD, diary entries for March 2 and 3, 1955, Box 51.

  10. Hsu Po-lin, interview with author, May 25, 2007. See also Office of the Compilation of Military History, National Defense Ministry ed., Chenfeng di Zuozhan Jihua [Guoguang war plan: an oral history collection] (Taipei, Taiwan: Office of the Compilation of Military History, National Defense Ministry, 2005).

  11. Kenneth W. Condit, The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy, 1955–1956, vol. 6: History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (Washington, DC: Historical Office, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1992), 208–209.

  12. Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years: Waging Peace, 1956–1961 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 2000), 298–300.

  13. Memorandum of conversation, October 23, 1958, FRUS 1958–1960: vol. 19, China, 438–440; Dulles to the State Department, October 23, 1958, ibid., 444. For more about Dulles’s handling of the 1958 offshore island crisis, see Soman, Double-Edged Sword, 173–200.

  14. Chang, Friends and Enemies, 198.

  15. CKSD, diary entries for October 23, 24, 25, and 26, 1958, Box 67.

  16. See, for example, Wang Shichun, Piaoyi Suiyue: Jiangjun Dashi Hu Xin de Zhanzheng Jishi [A memoir of General Hu Xin] (Taipei, Taiwan, Lianhe Wenxue, 2006), 153–155, 168–212; Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, ed., Jiang Zhongzheng Zongtong Shicong Renyuan Fangwen Jilu [The reminiscences of President Chiang Kai-shek by his followers] (Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, 2012), volume 1, 28–29.

  Bibliography

  ARCHIVAL SOURCES

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  Record Group 59. Records of the Department of State. Decimal Files. Identified as RG 59.

  Record Group 84. Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State. Identified as RG 84.

  Record Group 127. Records of the U.S. Marine Corps. Identified as RG 127.

  Record Group 165. Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs. Identified as RG 165.

  Record Group 218. Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Identified as RG 218.

  Record Group 226. Records of Office of Strategic Services. Identified as RG 226.

  Record Group 319. Records of the Army Staff. Identified as RG 319.

  Record Group 330. Records of the Secretary of Defense. Identified as RG 330.

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  Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files: Formosa, Internal Affairs 1945–1949. Identified as Formosa 1945–1949. Microfilm.

  Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files: Formosa, Republic of China 1950–1954. Identified as Formosa 1950–1954. Microfilm.

  Academia Historica, Taipei

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  Tejiao Dang’an. Junshi. Zhongyang Qingbao Jiguan [Specially submitted archives. Military. Central government intelligence apparatus]. Identified as TD / ZQJ.

  Tejiao Dang’an. Junshi. Zongtong dui Junshi Xunshi [Specially submitted archives. Military. President Chiang Kai-shek’s military instructions]. Identified as TD / ZJX.

  Tejiao Dang’an. Junshi. Zuozhan Jihua ji Shefang [Specially submitted archives. Military. Military operations and fortifications]. Identified as TD / ZJS.

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  Tejiao Dang’an. Waijiao. Guofang Qingbao ji Xuanchuan [Specially submitted archives. Foreign Affairs. National defense, intelligence, and propaganda]. Identified as TD / GQX.

  Tejiao Dang’an. Waijiao. Meiguo Junshi Yuanzhu [Specially submitted archives. Foreign Affairs. U.S. military assistance]. Identified as TD / MJY.

  Tejiao Dang’an. Waijiao. Meiguo Xiefang Taiwan [Specially submitted archives. Foreign Affairs. U.S. defense of Taiwan]. Identified as TD / MXT.

  Tejiao Dang’an. Waijiao. Xifang Qiye Gongsi [Specially submitted archives. Foreign Affairs. The Western Enterprises Incorporated]. Identified as TD / XQG.

  Tejiao Dang’an. Yiban Ziliao. Minguo Sanshijiunian [Specially submitted archives. General Information. Year 1950]. Identified as TD / YZ. 1950.

  Tejiao Dang’an. Yiban Ziliao. Minguo Sishinian [Specially submitted archives. General Information. Year 1951]. Identified as TD / YZ. 1951.

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  ORAL INTERVIEWS WITH AUTHOR

  Chen, Li’an, Chen Cheng’ son; Sierra Madre, California, August 2, 2010.

  Chu, Songqiu, Chiang Kai-shek’s secretary, 1954–1958; San Jose, California, August 8, 2007.

  Colonel (retired) Hsu Po-lin, Battalion Commander, The 1st Independent Armored Brigade of the ROC Army, 1969–1973; Hukou, Taiwan, May 25, 2007.

  Shen, Keqin, General Sun Liren’s aide-de-camp, 1949–1950; Milpitas, California, December 6, 2007.

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  Da Gong Bao [The Impartial Daily]. Chongqing, 1943.

  Lifayuan Gongbao [Gazette of the Legislative Yuan]. Taipei.

  Taiwan Xinsheng Bao [Taiwan Shin Sheng Daily News]. Taipei, 1949.

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