Reforms in Taiwan, 4, 9, 105; after February 1947 incident, 54–56, 240; of Chiang, 135–136, 166, 180–183, 187–188, 240; land reform measures in, 95, 183; in local elections, 182–183; of Wu, 132
Regionalism in China, 5, 69–72, 76; and U.S. aid to regional leaders, 7, 71, 109, 110, 113, 116, 124
Republic of China, 2, 5–6, 8, 180, 237. See also Nationalist China; Cairo Conference on lost territories of, 19; viewed as legal government for all of China, 179, 182
Rhee, Syngman, 102–104, 104f, 172, 216
Robertson, Walter, 227, 230, 232
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 18, 19, 23, 239; and Cairo Conference, 3, 14, 19–20
Rusk, Dean, 143, 159, 161, 189, 210
Ryukyu Islands, 16, 18–19, 20
Sebald, William J., 130
Seventh Fleet (U.S.), 36; Cooke commanding, 144, 152; and PLA submarines, 236; in Taiwan Strait, 9, 152, 163, 172, 175, 198
Shandong Province, civil war campaign in (1947), 58, 68
Shao Yulin, 21, 173
Sherman, Forrest, 148, 149
Short, Irving, 146–147
Sino-Japanese peace negotiations and treaty, 179–180
Sino-Soviet treaty (1950), 170, 171
Soft power of Taiwan, 235
Soong, T. V., 20, 21, 22, 34, 44, 53; acquiring military supplies, 64–65, 68, 260n30; and Chiang, 64, 67, 68, 90; as governor of Guangdong Province, 62–68, 70; and Hainan Islands, 66, 67; inspecting Guangdong provincial garrison force, 63f; opinion in U.S. of, 76–77; requesting American aid, 64; unauthorized plane purchase, 65, 260n30; as war criminal, 89; water police established by, 64
South China: as anti-communist base, 60–67, 68, 70, 100–101, 108; Britain encouraging separatist movement in, 69; Communists advancing into (1949), 89–90, 91, 115, 115f, 267n27; Soong as leader in, 62–68, 70, 76–77; in strategic triangle of Chiang, 6, 85–86, 96
Southeast Asia Defense Supplies Corporation, 212, 213
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 227, 228
South Korea, 102–104, 172, 173, 226
Soviet Russia, 170–171; Mao forming alliance with, 9, 110, 170, 171, 173; providing supplies to Chinese Communists, 153, 157; Zhang encouraging relationship with, 84–85
Special Technician Program (STP), 8, 145–150, 163–169
Sprouse, Philip D., 60, 159
State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee report (1947), 60
Stilwell, Joseph, 36, 206
Strong, Robert, 107, 122, 143, 279n10; and Cooke, 155–156, 163; and Formosa League for Re-emancipation, 132, 133
Stuart, John Leighton, 51, 52, 55, 79, 81, 113; and Bai Chongxi, 83–84; Chiang meeting with, 53, 61; Fu as adopted son of, 74; inspecting Hainan Island, 67; Ma meeting with, 71; on regionalism in China, 69, 71; rejecting aid request of Soong, 64
Sun Fo, 21
Sun Liren, 6, 8, 265n99, 290n66; and Chen Cheng, 79–81, 88, 105–106; as commander of Nationalist Ground Forces, 122; complaints about Chiang, 105; and Cooke, 149f; cooperation of Wu with, 120; and coup plans against Chiang, 120, 159, 160, 161, 290n66; defiance of Chiang, 96; dismissal of, 227; house arrest of, 186; and Huang, 130, 131; and Japanese military advisors, 220–221; loyalty to Chiang, 88; and MacArthur, 61, 88; military training program of, 60–61, 63, 114; mistrust of Chiang for, 123; and Soong, 63; support in U.S. for, 10, 79–81, 87–89, 97, 99, 113, 114, 122, 123, 185–186, 202; as Virginia Military Institute graduate, 61, 81, 88, 267n23
Sun Yat-sen, 15, 16, 21, 40
Supreme Commander for Allied Powers (SCAP), 46, 72, 80; alleged Taiwan takeover plan, 98, 112, 131; Chiang seeking assistance from, 85, 143; and Cooke, 149–150, 156, 157, 163; criticisms of Chiang, 98; and Formosa League for Re-emancipation, 130; and Military Assistance Advisory Group, 164; support for Chiang, 143; support for Sun, 80, 81, 88; and trusteeship plans for Taiwan, 87, 97
Taiwan: as accidental state, 2, 9, 12, 29, 56, 119, 162, 173, 183, 239, 240; Chen Cheng as governor of, 77, 82, 90–97; Chiang retreating to, 1, 119; Chiang transferring national reserves to, 77, 82–83, 139, 265–266nn2–3; Communist military threat to, 98–99, 154; criticisms of U.S. in, 72; defensive nature of military, 10, 204, 218, 233, 237; early post-colonial period in, 35–56; economy of (See Economy of Taiwan); and Formosa League for Re-emancipation (FLR), 129–135; independence movement in, 7–8, 129–135, 158, 185; as Japanese colony, 2, 14–34; Japanese POW camps in, 36; as lost territory, 14–15, 16, 18, 19, 20–21; MacArthur visit (1950), 163, 174–176, 175f, 180; martial law in, 95; Merchant mission in (1949), 79–81, 87, 265n95; mutual defense pact with U.S., 10, 11–12, 223, 226–237, 239; Nationalist Chinese Consulate General in, 16, 249n9; in patron-client state relationship with U.S., 12, 173; peace negotiations and treaty with Japan, 11, 178, 179–180; postwar plans for, 14–34 (See also Postwar plans for Taiwan); privatizing U.S. policy toward, 141–169; reforms in (See Reforms in Taiwan); reformulating U.S. policy toward (1947–1949), 57–81; SCAP plan for takeover of, 98, 112, 131; soft power of, 235; STP program in, 8, 145–150, 163–169; strategic importance of, 3, 18, 21, 27, 38, 78, 127, 157, 162, 171, 173, 176, 197; in strategic triangle of Chiang, 85, 86, 96; as territorial refuge for Chiang, 77–78; uncertain status of, 18, 23, 32, 98, 99, 129, 172–173; U.S. military bases and installations on, 11–12, 24, 194, 231; U.S. military operations against Japanese facilities in, 23, 25; Wedemeyer fact-finding mission in (1947), 58–60, 129; white terror in, 162, 185
Taiwanese Democratic People’s Association, 133, 134
Taiwanese islanders: in early post-colonial period, 41, 45, 55, 56; in February 1947 incident, 4; as half-mountain people, 17; U.S. supporters for governing role of, 86–87
Taiwan Investigation Committee, 30, 31, 33, 34
Taiwan Party Headquarters Preparatory Office, 17–18
Taiwan Strait, 173, 174, 217; U.S. Seventh Fleet in, 9, 152, 163, 172, 175, 198
Tang Enbo, 82, 84, 86, 89, 90, 96, 104, 105; request to Chiang for new army, 219, 220; and strategic triangle of Chiang, 85, 86, 90
Thailand, 138, 212, 214
Third Force movement, 7, 8, 184–185, 197, 283n76, 289n54
3–7–5 military plan, 205
303 funds in Military Assistance Program, 127, 211
Three People’s Principles (Sun Yat-sen), 16
Time-Life-Fortune memorandum on trans-Pacific highway concept, 20, 21
Tingle, G. M., 51
Tito, Broz, 5
Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau, 46
Tong Guanxian, 75, 184
Trans-Pacific highway concept, 20, 22, 171
Truman administration, 73–74, 239; Acheson as secretary of state in, 79, 128–129, 141; anti-Communism efforts of Soong during, 70; and Chen Yi administration, 35; and Chiang Kai-shek, 73–74, 128–129, 157–161, 176; and coup plans against Chiang Kai-shek, 159–161; and Formosa League for Re-emancipation, 132; and Korean War, 9, 172, 174, 176, 196, 198, 199, 203; Li meeting with officials from (1950), 121; Marshall as secretary of state in, 49; nonintervention policies of, 7, 128–129, 141, 143, 158, 170; peace negotiations during, 179; privatizing U.S. policies during, 141–142; Taiwan policies in, 5–6, 7, 9, 128–129; Wedemeyer fact-finding mission during, 58–60
Trusteeship plans for Taiwan, 4, 5, 23, 41, 51, 53, 59, 60, 87, 159, 160
27 Brigade, 46
United Nations: admission of PRC into, 230; Oracle plan of, 229–232; petition for intervention in Taiwan, 50; proposed resolution on Taiwan in, 176–177; in trans-Pacific highway concept, 20; in trusteeship plan for Taiwan, 51, 53, 59, 60, 87, 159, 160
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 45, 51, 67
United States: aid from (See Aid from U.S.); and Baituan military training program, 220–221; in Cairo Conference, 3, 14, 19–20; and Chinese Communist relations, 8–9; and coup plans against Chiang, 159–161, 201–202; and early post-colonial Taiwan, 35–38, 39, 42–43, 49–54; Eisenhower administration in (See Eisenhower administration); and February 1947 incident, 49–54; and Formosa
League for Re-emancipation, 130–133; and Hainan Island recapture plans, 10, 205–207; and Korean War, 172–174, 198–199, 216; and Li Mi forces in Burma, 211–215; limited support for Chiang Kai-shek in, 69, 74; Luzon and Taiwan invasion plans, 26–27; and mainland recovery strategies, 10, 223; and Merchant mission in Taiwan (1949), 79–81, 265n95; Military Assistance Advisory Group, 188–194; military of (See Military of United States); mutual defense pact with Taiwan, 10, 11–12, 223, 235, 236–237, 239; National Security Council 48 policy paper, 127–128, 170; National Security Council 68 policy paper, 171; in patron-client state relationship with Taiwan, 12, 173; in peace negotiations, 178; policy of “no-policy” for Taiwan, 57, 59; and postwar plans for Taiwan, 19–29, 38; privatizing policy toward Nationalist China, 141–169; on protection of Taiwan from Communists, 72–73, 78–79; reformulating Taiwan policy (1947–1949), 57–81; and regionalism trend in China, 69–72, 76; and resumption of Chiang presidency, 120–122; strategic importance of Taiwan to, 3, 38, 78, 127, 157, 162, 171, 173, 176, 197; Sun support in, 10, 79–81, 87–89, 97, 99, 113, 114, 122, 123, 185–186, 202; support for native Taiwan islanders in, 86–87; supporting non-Communist regime in Taiwan, 78–79; and Third Force Chinese, 184, 197; Truman administration in (See Truman administration); Wu support in, 186, 290n68; and Yunnan independence movement, 7, 116–118
Vanderpuyl, Henry, 143, 279n10
Vietnam, 16, 225; Nationalist forces in, 11, 124, 137–138, 210–211, 297n61
Virginia Military Institute, Sun as graduate of, 61, 81, 88, 267n23
Wedemeyer, Albert, 36, 38, 58–60, 90, 113, 114, 129
Wei Daoming, 54, 55, 56, 58–59, 72
Welles, Sumner, 21, 22
Weng Wenhao, 39, 66
Western Enterprises Incorporated (WEI), 207–209, 218, 296n52
White terror of Taiwan, 162, 185
Wilson, Charles E., 225, 229
World Commerce Corporation, 145–146
World War II, 3, 26–27, 28, 249n1; bombing of Japanese facilities in Taiwan during, 23, 25; Japanese POW camps in Taiwan during, 36; and postwar plans for Taiwan (See Postwar plans for Taiwan); surrender of Japan in, 2, 3–4, 23, 29, 35, 37
World War III, 9, 124, 165, 174, 203
Wu, K. C. (Wu Guozhen), 6, 8, 81, 90; complaints of Chen about, 129; embezzlement charge against, 187; and Formosa League for Re-emancipation, 132–133, 135; in KMT Director-General’s Office, 102; power struggle with Chen, 121–122, 136; reforms of, 132; as replacement for Chen Cheng, 90, 114, 120, 127; support in U.S. for, 186, 290n68; as target of Chiangs, 186–187
Wu Sanlian, 132, 134, 135
Wu Shi, 123
Wu Songqing, 83
Wu Xingyong, 82–83
Xiang Weixuan, 167–168
Xichang, Nationalist defense of, 118, 119, 136–137
Xue Yue, 126, 139, 153
Yang Zhaojia, 132–133, 134, 135
Yeh, George, 232, 233
Yu Chengwan, 110, 111
Yu Hanmou, 82, 100
Yunnan, 7, 109–112, 114–118, 212–213
Zhang Fakui, 66–67, 70, 184
Zhang Qiyun, 180, 289n44
Zhang Zhizhong, 76, 84–85
Zheng Jiemin, 113, 127, 142, 207
Zhou Zhirou, 91, 96, 123
Zhou Enlai, 43, 138
Zhoushan Islands, 8, 86, 150–152, 151f, 154, 155, 157, 166
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