12. Bovin, 2001.
13. Oliver, 1974.
14. Conklin, 1949.
15. Clink, 2005.
16. Oliver, 1974.
17. Haavio-Mannila, 1997.
18. Laumann, 2000.
19. Nieuwenhuis, 2006.
20. Haddow, 2006.
21. Gentry, 1988.
22. A male chimpanzee will frequently apply his fingers and lips to a female chimp’s genitals to investigate her fertility status. This constant contact means there is not the same opportunity for herpes virus to become isolated in either the oral or genital region among chimps as there is among humans. Chimpanzee herpes is, accordingly, a single virus in both oral and genital areas.
23. Oliver, 1989.
24. Long, 2006.
25. Mantegazza, 2001.
26. Mantegazza, 2001.
27. Laumann, 2000; Miller, 2004.
28. Rao, 1995.
29. Heath, 1988.
30. Oliver, 1989.
31. Edgerton, 1964. This is particularly remarkable given that women among the Pokot were apparently also universally subjected to clitoridectomy.
32. Haavio-Mannila, 1997.
33. Laumann, 2000.
34. Marshall, 1979.
35. Brunker, 2003.
36. Gregor, 1987.
37. Houston, 1996.
38. Oliver, 1989.
39. Jenks, 1998.
40. Oliver, 1989.
41. Oliver, 1989.
42. Oliver, 2002.
43. Gammon, 1997.
44. The view is sometimes expressed that this wish for sexual privacy cannot really be an instinct, since watching explicit pornography seems to violate it. Yet I suspect that this is partly why witnessing other people’s sex acts is exciting in the first place: because it violates our instinctual sense of propriety. Most other primates, who copulate without concern in public, would probably find the idea of hardcore pornography both boring and incomprehensible.
45. Oliver, 1989.
46. Duczko, 2004.
47. Kirby, 1981.
48. True, other species of chimp don’t show this behavior, suggesting it may be something that has arisen separately in bonobos since they split from chimps around 1.5 million years ago. It is equally possible, however, that chimps are the ones who have changed, and that our common ancestor behaved with decidedly bonobo-like erotic abandon.
49. Guthrie, 2005. My thanks go out to Dr. Paul Bahn here, who kindly provided his expert knowledge on this.
50. Herdt, 1999.
51. Why he chose the German edition, I’m afraid I don’t know.
52. Weismantel, 2004.
53. Anthropologist Mary Weismantel, in her excellent journal article on the Moche sex-pots (see Bibliography), theorizes that the masturbating-skeleton motif is intended to show the continuity of reproduction across generations; even death does not stop the sacred essence of life—semen—being passed down.
54. Seinfeld episode, “The Jimmy.”
55. Abbott, 2001.
56. It has to be said, however, that not all desert fathers succeeded in conquering their lust. In fact, so many indulged in affairs with peasant lasses that it became customary for village girls to blame any unexplained pregnancy on them.
57. Weale, 2002.
58. Forster, 2004.
59. Gay, 1999.
60. Wassersug, 2007.
61. Miles, 2000.
62. Interestingly, the term itself was invented by Alfred Kinsey, apparently as a misreading from Malinowski’s work on the Trobriand Islands. There is no evidence that any missionary ever tried to teach the position to their native congregation. Priest, 2001.
63. Alzate, 1984.
64. Malinowski, 1932.
65. Metz, 1997.
66. Studies of the difference between identical and non-identical (fraternal) twins are important because they allow us to isolate the effects of heredity. Because twins are usually brought up in the same household, and undergo the same environmental influences, any consistent difference between identical and non-identical twins is probably hereditary.
67. Jern, 2007.
68. Simmons, 1960.
Epilogue
1. Darwin, 2001.
2. Darwin, 2007.
3. Taylor, 1981.
4. Sherman, 1997.
Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Aboriginal dispute-resolution process
action figures
Adair, James
aerobic capacity
affluence
aggression
genes for
Aka Pygmy fathers
Al-Mulk, Sharaf
al Qaeda
Alaska Science Center
Alexander the Great
Ali, Muhammad
Allen’s law
altruism
American Journal of Economics and Sociology,
Amis, Martin
Career Move
amputations
ancient Greek trireme rowers
Andamanese Islanders
“Anthropology Days,”
anthropometry
archery
Ariaal nomads
Arioi cult
Aristophanes
Aristotle
On the Generation of Animals
arm wrestling
Arrichion
Asmat tribe
Assassin sect
Astylos of Syracuse
Axayacatl
Bagent, Travis
Baldwin of Hainault
bältesspänning (knife-wrestling)
Bandelier, Adolph
Barnes, Jim
basketball-style games
battle oration
Bauman, John
Beckham, David
Beckham, Victoria (“Posh Spice”)
Bergmann’s law
berserkergang,
Bertsolaritza,
Bertuzzi, Todd
Best, Elsdon
bin Laden, Osama
Bligh, Captain William
Blood Eagle Rite
Blood Pinning
Blue Sutra, The
Bobby, Brendan
bodybuilding
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
body modification
body ornamentation
Bogardus
bogwera initiation rite
Bolt, Usain
Bolton, Andy
bone mass
Bonnar, Stephan “The American Psycho,”
boryokudan
Botocudo Indians
Bourke, John
Bovin, Mette
boxing
Brand, Jo
bravery
breastfeeding, male
Brenzk, John
Brown, Alfred Nesbitt
Brown, Peter
Bruce, James
Brummel, Beau
bull-riding
Burns, Martin “Farmer,”
Buzkashi (goat-grabbing)
Bybon
Calippus
cannibalism
Carleton, William
Carlie, Mike
Carlyle, Thomas
Carneiro, Robert
Carpini, John
Catlin, George
celibacy
Chamberlain, Wilt
chariot racing
Charmides
Chaseland, Tommy
child beauty contests
childbirth taboos
chimpanzee studies
Churchill, Steve
Churchward, William
circumcision rituals
circus strongmen
Claudius Nero
Cleomedes
Clink, Tony
The Layguide
Coad, David
Cohen, William
combat sports
corporate identity
Cortés, Hernán
cosmetic surgery
couvade rituals
Creugas
crimes of passion
Croft, Colin
cultural changes
Daihachiro, Wasa
Daimon, Agathos
Daisuke
Daly, Martin
Damoxenus
dandies
Darwin, Charles
Davis, John
de’ Conti, Niccolò
de Coubertin, Baron Pierre
de Lahontan, Baron
de Waal, Frans
death rates from war
Dedge, Douglas
Dedovshchina system
Demonicus of Elis
depilation
dildos
Diocles
Dioscorides, Pedanius
Dioxippus
discus throwing
Doshi, Kain
Duffy, Kevin
Children of the Forest
Dunbar, William
Dunton, John
Durán, Diego
Dutt, William
Ebersole, Brian
Edge-Partington, J.
Eisenhauer, Captain John
Eliade, Mircea
Elias, Norbert
Ellis, William
Elyot, Sir Thomas
Emelianenko, Aleksander
Eminem
“empathy belly,”
endurance, athletic
erectile dysfunction
eroticization
Eumastas
eunuchs
Euripides
Eurydamas of Cyrene
Eusebius
Ecclesiastical History
extramarital affairs
eyesight
fa’afafine “women men,”
face painting
facial symmetry
Faludi, Susan
Stiffed
Families in the U.S. (Hansen and Garey)
fast-twitch fibers
fatherhood, see also Aka Pygmy fathers
child care
discipline
equal treatment of sons and daughters
modern
presence at birth of child
sex education
stepfathering
time spent with children
Fedoruk, Todd
female infanticide
feminisation
fida’is
50 Cent
Firth, Raymond
flyting contests
football
foreskins
Fosbury, Dick
Fraser, John
Friedrich, Adolf (Duke of Mecklenburg)
Freuchen, Peter
Fry, Stephen
Fund for Animals
Galen
Garey, Anita
Garner, Joel
genetics
Genghis Khan
gerewol beauty pageant
Ghiyath-ud-din-Khilji
gladiators
glima (belt-wrestling)
Goemon, Ishikawa
Goodall, Jane
Gore, Tipper
Gracie, Royce
Graham, Billy
Gregor, Thomas
Griffin, Forrest
group sex
Guantánamo Bay
gusimbuka-urukiramende initiation ritual
Gusinde, Martin
guslar tradition
gynecomastia
hairstyles
Hallet, Jean Pierre
haló song duels
Hansen, Karen
HapMap project
harems
Harvard Review of Psychiatry
Hasdrubal
hazing
Hefner, Hugh
height
heminuwe puberty ceremony
Hermes
Hermogenes of Xanthos
herpes simplex infection
Hesiod
Hewlett, Professor Barry
Intimate Fathers
Hippia
Hipposthenes
hockey
Homer
Homo neanderthalensis
hunting
homoeroticism
Humboldt University’s Institute of Legal Medicine
hunting
endurance
Hustler
Ibn al-Athir
Iccus
Iliad
illiteracy
Inclusion Body Myopathy-3 (IBM3)
initiation rituals
International Journal of Men’s Health
International Organisation Against Circumcision Trauma (INTACT)
irezumi tattoos
Irish brawls
Irish hurling
Italian Journal of Neuropsychology
Ivarr
Jackson, Curtis James, see
Cent James, LeBron
Jane Goodall Institute for Primate Studies
javelin throwing
Jeffries, Ross
Johns Hopkins Medical School
Jordan, Michael
Josephus
jousting
jumping
Juvenal
Kalahari Desert Bushmen
Kayapo people
Keeley, Lawrence
War Before Civilization
Kennedy, Walter
Kenyan Giriama
Keyo people
kimali kayasa festival
King Aella
King Darius
King Eirik Bloodaxe
King Mongkut
King Shulgi
King Tanga
Kleitomachos of Thebes
knattleikr (game)
Knowles, Nathaniel
Kouros, Yiannis
kyūdō (Japanese archery)
La Ferrassie
Lancet, The
Lasthenes
Latin limericks
Leonidas of Rhodes
Lessa, William
Lewis, Carl
Lindfors, Adolf
Linton, Ralph
Livy
Lobb, Huw
Lord, Albert
Ludford, Roger
McCain, Senator John
“maccaroni” men
McGee, Dr. W. J.
McGonagall, William Topaz
Mae Enga
Magnus, Albertus
male-male bonds
male-male segregation
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Malo, David
Mantegazza, Paolo
marathon runners
Marciano, Rocky
Marshall, Lorna
Marshall, Mac
Marshall, Samuel “Slam”
Men Against Fire
Martial
Martyn, Nicholas
Marx, John “The Luxembourg Hercules,”
Maués people of Brazil
Mbuti Pygmy elephant hunts
MC Juice
Mededovi, Avdoć
medical treatments
medieval fairs
Mehinaku Indians
Melville, Herman
metrosexuals
military medals
military training
Milo of Kroton
Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)
modern man
Mongol tribe
Moore, James
Moore, Steve
Morgan, Joan
Motsamai, Lebohang
Mt. Hagen tribe
Mura Indian men
Murder Inc.
murder rates
Murphy, Eddie
muscularity
mutilation
Nash, Charla
Näslund, Markus
National Football League
National Hockey League
National Opinion Research Center
New Guinean Baruya tribesmen
New Scientist
Nimuendajú, Curt
ninja
/> Nishapur
nith song duels
Nlaka’pamux Indians
Odyssey
olamayio ritual
Oliver, Douglas
Oneirocritica
ontogeny
Oromo people of Ethiopia
Orr, Colton
Owens, Jesse
Palelei, Soa “The Hulk,”
Pankration
Paredao, Edson
Parents Music Resource Center
Parry, Milman
Pausanias
penis size
Pennsylvania School of Medicine Muscle Institute
periodontistry, prehistoric
Phayllos
Phelps, Michael
Philo
piercing/scarring
Pindar
Olympian Odes
Playboy
Pliny the Elder
Plutarch
poetic duels
poetry, ancient, versus rap
love
Polhemus, Ted
polo
Pope, Alexander
The Dunciad
pornography
Porphyrius
premature ejaculation
Prescott, William H.
Primrose
Public Enemy
puppetry of the Polynesian penis
Putnam, Patrick
Ra Undreundre
Ragnars Saga
Ramsey, William
Rankov, Boris
rap battles
Rasmussen, Knud
rautis
Rezazadeh, Hossein
Rhymes, Busta
risk-taking
Rodman, Dennis
Roman Christian martyrs
Roosevelt, President Teddy
Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches
Rossiter, Harry
rowing comparisons
Ruban, Viktor
Ruffstylz
running
Rwala Bedouin tribesmen
sadomasochism
St. Louis World Fair
Saladin
Sambian men of New Guinea
Sanders, Captain David
Sandow, Eugen
Saxon, Arthur
scalping
Schliemann, Heinrich
Sergius
Severn, Dan
sex education
sex toys
sexual performance/techniques
sexual selection
height
verbal creativity and
Shaka Zulu’s impis
Shakur, Tupac
Shamrock, Ken
Shelford, Frederic
shinobi
Shoshone Indians
Siculus, Diodorus
Simpson, Mark
Sioux games
Smithsonian Institute
Snoop Dog
Socrates
song duels
Sostratus
Manthropology Page 30